Preliminaries to Linguistic PhoneticsUniversity of Chicago Press, 1971 - 122 páginas This book is about some of the phonetic events that occur in the languages of the world. The data described consist mainly of contrasts observable at the systematic phonetic level in a wide variety of languages. |
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acoustic affricates airstream mechanism allophones alveolar lateral apical approximants articulatory place aspirated auditory back vowels bilabial binary Chomsky and Halle clicks closure consider consonants constriction Contrasts involving creaky voice defined degree delayed release dental described discussed distinguish ejectives English examples feature system flap formant fricatives given in table glottal stop glottal stricture glottis Gujarati Hausa heightened subglottal pressure implosives intonation Jakobson labial labial-velar labiodental Ladefoged 1964a laminal laryngeal linguistic lip rounding manners of articulation multivalued murmured nasals Ngwe occur oral oro-nasal process palatal palatoalveolar pharyngeal phonation types phonological rules physiological pitch places of articulation plosives possible postalveolar pulmonic pulmonic egressive retroflex secondary articulations semivowels Shona shown in table similar sonorant sounds are produced specify stops and fricatives stress suggested syllable symbols systematic phonetic level tense tongue trill unaspirated uvular variations vibration vocal cords voice onset voiced and voiceless voiceless sounds vowel height