certain to resound at the application of the word People, as the aforesaid instrument at that of the clapper. And a fine jingle we had in all the newspapers. 66 But is your Lordship really to be informed, that a word may have two senses; and that the poor Baronet here laid hold of the wrong one? People may mean either, as he took it, those who compose the community" or, as the framers of the form in question applied it, "the vulgar." And your Lordship would not have failed to see that they did so apply it, if you had not jumped, in the spirit of the Epic Poet, into the middle; but had begun in the jogtrot way at the beginning; where they have expressed it by "the base and barbarous assaults of a lawless multitude:" each being previously equivalent to your Lordship's own expression, "the act of au intemperate rabble;" which his R. H. of Sussex has been pleased to style "certain popular irregularities." If your Lordship could have wanted any thing farther to satisfy you that the Church, as you express it, had not directly charged the people of England with madness, the Reverend gentleman above-mentioned might have supplied it, by inform ing you, that the words which have given you such offence were actually written by a man who never could have heard of the People of England. FRANCIS HUISH. Mr. URBAN, May 7. THE HE long-projected Bill for consolidating and amending the various existing Laws for enforcing the Residence of the Clergy, and better Payment of Stipendiary Curates, having been now brought before Parliament; I wish to suggest an objection, which has, I believe, as yet only partially occurred, though a very serious one, to a new provision introduced into this Act. The clause in question is intended to restrict spiritual persons of every description from renting or farming lands (other than their own glebes) to a larger extent than twenty acres. It has been stated that by the recent Act of 43 Geo. III. cap. 84, no spiritual person can farm any land (not being glebe) without a licence from the Dio GENT. MAG. May, 1817. cesan; and that therefore this must be so far a gain. Confining the application of the proposed new clause to un-beneficed Clergy, it may be true, but not otherwise; for, by the 21st Hen. VIII. cap. 13, sect. 8, it is expressly provided, that " spiritual persons not having sufficient glebe or demesne lands in their own lands, in right of their churches, may take in farm other lands*, provided only that the increase thereof be always employed and put to and for the only expence in their households, and hospitalities, and not in anywise to buy and sell again." And as by the concurrent Act of 43 Geo. III. above cited, it is further provided, that "nothing contained in that Act shall extend to deprive any spiritual person of any privilege, as to the taking, having, or holding any farm or lands to which any such spiritual person was before entitled" under the former Act, it is evident that this new clause in the Consolidation Bill absolutely annihilates a previously existing privilege of the Beneficed Clergy – -an undisputed enjoyment ever since the reign of Henry VIII. I must, therefore, Mr. Urban, as a Beneficed Member of the Establishment, feeling I am on the point of having a comparatively frivolous privilege granted as a boon, while I am to be deprived of a great and valuable immunity, beg for one to remonstrate against such a decided invasion of my professional rights. VIGILIUS. stock and grain; that roads were to be made, and schools erected; and all this without the least assistance from any public fund; it cannot be a matter of surprize that there are scarcely any Churches, and that an appeal should be made to the generosity of the Mother Country." No man can be insensible to the necessity and importance to any society of maintaining principles of sound Religion amongst its members; and of affording to all ranks the means of knowing and fulfilling their duties, the worship of God, the allegiance due to their Country, and all the charities of social life: for these are, indeed, the very bonds of every society. If they are of such importance in civilized countries, with a well-regulated government and active police, how much more needful are they to restrain and influence the dictates of passion, in a country where there may be truly said to be no Government at all! for the parts of Canada on behalf of which the Subscription seems to have been commenced, is too far removed from the Courts of Justice, and the eye of the Legal Authorities, to be under much restraint from them. If there were then no other motives than those suggested by a prudent policy, this Subscription claims the patronage of every friend to order and good government, and of every person wishing well to Great Britain. But there are motives of a more honourable kind, which call upon the charitable and pious to assist their Canadian brethren in erecting places of Public Worship. In Canada the Protestants are surrounded on the one side by men bigoted to the Roman Catholic Religion, and on the other they are liable to be misled by the wild and enthusiastic doctrines of visionary Fanaticks. And, indeed, unhappily, the latter have already commenced their labours, and in some instances with too much success. To check the progress of Error, should be at all times the wish and object of the pious man; but at the present Imoment, when such efforts have been inade to disseminate doctrines bordering on Infidelity, it should be particuJarly the care of the Members of the Established Church, to endeavour to prevent any of their brethren from becoming the sacrifice of such delu sions. And what better method can there be, than assisting them to build places where the Ritual of the Church of England may be performed in publick, and where they may hear its doctrines expounded by a well-educated and learned Clergyman, who will at the same time warn them of errors, and specious systems of Reli gion, and instruct them in their duty to God and their Country? That the present attempt to effect these desirable and important objects may be successful and encouraged, must be your wish, Mr. Urban, and that of every Church of Englaud man, as well as of, Yours, &c. WYKEHAM. CATHEDRAL SCHOOLS. (Continued from page 328.) Mr. URBAN, THER CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL. HE spot now occupied by this magnificent Cathedral was formerly the Palace of the Kentish Monarchs. I will not occupy your Pages with a history of Augustine, and of his successful labours as a Preacher of the Gospel; but I may be permitted to remark, that it was the interest awakened in the mind of the Roman Pontiff for the instruction of the English youths, which first induced him to undertake the conversion and civilization of their Country. The Choral School at Canterbury is coeval with the establishment of the Anglican Church; Augustine having introduced the Chaunted Service still retained in our Cathedrals. The Science of Music was universally cultivated by the Clergy; and was so completely identified with religious offices, that, in the language of our ancestors, to sing and to pray are used as synony Inous terms. "That Augustine settled a School here," say the Canterbury Historians, "can hardly be doubted. "And we are informed, by the same authority, that a Collegiate Establishment, with Masters and Professors, under the Archiepiscopal jurisdiction, attained great celebrity during the Heptarchy, and served as a model for the Universities which arose at a subsequent period. In treating of an Academical Institution, confessedly the most antient in England, it will not be out of place to enquire what was the general constitution of Episcopal Schools at a period contemporaneous with the mission of Augustine and the erection of this Cathedral. 66 was "At the entrance of the Bishop's Court," says an antient Author, an apartment where the young students who were trained up for the Ministry had their common dormitory and hall, and other convenient rooms, under the charge of some grave guardian, having a master to instruct them in Arts, and another to oversee their manners; all under the inspection of the Bishop, whom they did assist in the public Divine Service, according to their degree." "This is judged to have been the original of Cathedral and Collegiate Schools." In these Foundations, almost invariably connected with the religious societies of the Antient Church, the neighbouring youth of all ranks were gratuitously instructed. The rival orders of the Clergy were sensible that their interest, no less than their duty, required them to secure this influence over the early principles of their flock; and the privilege of directing their elementary studies was frequently the subject of great jealousy and contention. The public School at Christ Church, supported by the Archbishop and Convent, is frequently mentioned in their records. It flourished till the dissolution of the Monastery, and was re-established by Henry VIII. when he new-modeled and regulated the Cathedral. Several of the Novices belonging to the Monastic Institution were received as Students on the New Foundation. The Archiepiscopal Cathedral is one among the few instances where a Royal Grammar School subsists, under the patronage of the Dean and Chapter, from which the young members of their Choir are entirely exeluded. The Choristers are taught singing three times a week in the Church, where there is a musical schoolroom; and learn Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic at private schools, at the expence of the Church. This latter is a new regulation, of about five years date. I have never heard of any man of eminence educated in the Choir at Canterbury. M. H. Observations on Ill Health arising from Indigestion. (Continued from p. 322.) I 4. On the Quantity and Quality of Food. HAVE already adverted to the fact, that the principal object of medicine, in cases of defective digestion, is to obtain a good appetite and digestion, rather than to load the stomach with food in hopes of producing nourishment. Whatever is undigested, is not only useless, but becomes a source of irritation, and creates disease in the organs of nutrition. Persons who are weak, and who appear to require much nourishment for the recovery pable error, in supposing that by of their health, often fall into a paltaking nutritive food when they have a weak appetite, they really gain strength. Instead of doing this, a proper period of fasting, perhaps combined with bitter medicines as stomachicks*, should rather be resorted to, in order to enable the stomach to digest its food, which should whole of it may be properly converted be given in small quantities, that the into nourishment. Nutritive food, in moderate quantities, taken at intervals of not less than 6 hours, seems to me the most proper for weak and irritable stomachs; and long experience and observation have convinced me, that one of the most fatal errors into which people in general fall, is that of supposing they should eat frequently, instead of allowing the stomach, by a moderate fasting, to recover its powers of digesting. Concerning the quantity of food, it is well known that different things of peculiar idiosyncracies of the con(from the effect of early habits, and stitution) agree variously with dif ferent people; yet it is a mistake to suppose that what appears to agree with the feelings of any individual mischief. There is such a thing as stomach, may not ultimately lead to inducing, and rendering familiar, healthy habits of diet, which at first are almost repulsive. In general we should consult the feelings of the sto *The Infus. Gentianæ comp. cum Sen nd, is a good medicine to be taken three hours after breakfast,for stomachic weakness combined with constipation mach, particularly prevalent in England These habits of intemperance (unsuspected from its daily use), combined with late hours and sedentary habits, will, as civilization and luxury in crease, weaken and impoverish the inhabitants of the cultivated parts of Europe, but particularly in England, where the numerous gin-shops and ale-houses really constitute a national evil, and should be regarded, in a political point of view, as having a tendency to sap the constitutions of the lower orders of the community, and to enfeeble and render meagre and ineffective the rising generation of Britous. With a view to impress on the minds of the publick the bad con. sequences of the common use of such liquors, I shall consider this subject more at large in a subsequent paper. And I have prefixed these observations on diet, air, and exercise, and given a summary review of the functions of digestion, with a view that the Reader may be prepared to esti mate the injury done to the digestive organs by drinking of spirituous and fermented liquors, even in so small a degree as to produce no temporary mischief. mach, find out by observation what is best digested, and always avoid repletion, and all foods of too stimulating and heating a quality. It is quite curious to observe the various things which different physicians have condemned as pernicious, but which healthy persons are in the daily habit of using. Dr. Lambe considers animal food and common water as unwholesome; and he has many supporters. I bave paid particular attention to many of these cases, and am convinced that in general some peculiar irritability of constitution has been the cause why vegetables have agreed best, combined with this circumstance, that people are induced to eat less of them than they would eat of meat and other delicacies of the table. The principle of their health or recovery may therefore be reduced to that of temperance. The celebrated John Hunter observes, that most people are living habitually what he calls above par; and that this is the cause why diseases so often occur, and prove fatal. And I am positive that the generality of human diseases may be referred to this source, as well as to the mistaken views people take of the manner of curing disorders at first only trifling. Porson, the Greek Professor at Cambridge, used to say, he preserved his health εκ του μηδενα ὑπερεσθίειν (from not overeating of any thing); got ill sometimes εκ του υπερεσθίειν πολλα καὶ εκ του WIVELY TOY OLVOy, but always cured his complaints εκ τον μη πίνειν και εσθίειν (from neither eating nor drinking any thing). This observation, taken cun grano salis, applies more or less to all who are daily exposed to the temptations of a superfluous table. When a full diet is caten by the sedentary and inactive, the consequences are, sooner or later, fatal. I'am induced to dwell so much on this subject, from a belief that people in general, particularly in England and Germany, err on the side of gluttony. I have recently made observations on the manner of living in France and in Scotland; and I am convinced that the English eat and drink nearly twice as much on an average as their neigh-pensation in damages for injury sustained bours either to the North or to the by a little boy named Jay, who was in South, particularly of animal food August last severely wounded by the disand spirits; and that disorders arising charge of a spring gun, set in a garden from gluttony and drunkenness are near Birmingham, belonging to a Mr. P. S. I cannot help adding one fact with regard to light food, which I have had now corroborated by such good authority that it cannot be doubted; namely, that the inhabitants of those countries of the East, where vegetables and rice constitute the principal article of diet, and who drink no strong liquors, recover often from wounds which are known to be always fatal to Europeans. (To be continued.) Mr. URBAN, April 19. following decision respecting THE the right of having Spring Guns in private grounds, is at this time very interesting; and will, I trust, be read and remembered by all keen The idea of preservers of Game. loading guns intended to kill and wound petty depredators with pebbles, is horrible. Among the causes tried at the Warwick Assizes, was one to recover com Whitfield. The facts, as they appeared in evidence, were briefly these: On the 7th August, between six and seven in the evening, the boy in question, who is about 13 years of age, accompanied by a younger brother, went into a field adjoining the garden of the defendant in search of a stick, for the purpose of making a standard to a kite. With this intention they went to the hedge which skirted the defendant's garden; and while one of the lads was in the act of cutting a stick, he received the contents of a spring gun in the lower part of his body. He was taken to the hospital, where he remained for many weeks in a most dangerous state, but afterwards recovered. The gun had been loaded with small pebbles, 17 of which had been extracted, and seven yet remained within him. The learned Judge in addressing the Jury observed, that the right to defend property in this way was questioned by the most eminent Lawyers of the present day. He was of opinion in this case, that the plaintiff had a right to recover; and farther, that if the plaintiff had even broken into the defendant's garden, the action would lie. 'Surely (said the Judge) the Law never intended to give any man the right of shooting another for so trivial a trespass as that alledged to have been committed by the poor unfortunate plaintiff in this case.' Verdict for plaintiff-Damages One Hundred and Twenty Pounds. Costs 40s." I consider it clear, that, if death had ensued, it would have been Manslaughter. I shall not say what ought to be the feelings of a Christian, who thus deprives a fellow creature of life. Mr. URBAN, S. P. April 10. TH HE Variations of the Compass con stitute one of the principal phanomena of Nature which have hitherto defied the scrutiny of the minutest Philosophers; and may be ranked among the numberless evidences of the finite capacity of the human mind. All that we can do in such cases is to withdraw from a too prying curiosity into what has not been revealed, and with dutiful humility to content ourselves with the practical use of the facts before us. It is the necessary practice of the Navy for the Captains or Masters of ships to take an observation of the Sun's azimuth every day at noon; and by this practice they are enabled to ascertain with correctness the varia tions of the needle from the North pole. Sometimes accidental or local cir cumstances will disturb it, as by the glass with which it is covered, and this from so slight an application of the finger as is barely necessary to wipe off a little dust. The same glass rubbed a little more with the finger, a bit of muslin, or of paper, will attract either end of the needle, so as to hold it to the glass for several minutes far out of the due direction. Phil. Tr. No, 480, p. 243. The remedy for this inconvenience is to moisten the surface of the glass by a wet finger. (Ibid.) But these kind of variations are not such as I mean to consider at this time. The azimuth compass is used for finding the Sun's magnetic azimuth or amplitude, and thence the variation of the compass. If the magnetical East amplitude found by the instrument should be less than the true amplitude, their difference would shew the variation of the needle Easterly. If the true East amplitude be Southward, as also the magnetical amplitude, and this last be the greater, the variation of the needle will be North-west, and vice versa. If amplitudes be found of different denominations, v. gr. if the true amplitude be six degrees North, and the magnetical amplitude five degrees South, the variation, which in this case is North-west, will be equal to the sum of the magnetical and true amplitudes; I understand the same for West amplitudes. The variation may likewise be found from the azimuth; but in that case, the Sun's declination, latitude of the place, and his altitude, must be given, that his true azimuth may be found. The variation or declination of the needle is properly defined to be the angle which a magnetic needle suspended at liberty makes with the me ridian line on an horizontal plane, or an arch of the horizon, comprehended between the true and the magnetical meridian. It is termed at sea Northeasting, or North-westing. The variation seems to be generally discoverable as ships recede from any shore and advance in the ocean. The needle sensibly feels the attraction of the shore which it has left. Dr. Hooke's communication to the Royal Society shewed that the magnet has |