AN

ARRANGEMENT

OF

BRITISH PLANTS.

IN FOUR VOLUMES.

C. Baldwin, Printer,

New Bridge-street, London.

AN

ARRANGEMENT

OF

BRITISH PLANTS,

ACCORDING TO

THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS

OF THE

Linnean System ;

WITH AN EASY

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF BOTANY.
ILLUSTRATED BY COPPER PLATES.

BY WILLIAM WITHERING, M.D. F.R.S.

MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AT LISBON; FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY AT EDINBURGH, &c.

THE SEVENTH EDITION.

IN FOUR VOLUMES:

INCLUDING THE MOST RECENT DISCOVERIES, AND NUMEROUS ENLARGED ANNOTATIONS
ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE VEGETABLE ECONOMY.

BY WILLIAM WITHERING, Esq. LL.D. F.L.S.

EXTRAORDINARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH; MEMBER OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, &c. &c. &c.

"Nor are the Plants, which Britain calls her own,

Few, or unlovely." MASON.

VOL. IV.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR C. J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON; J. NUNN; LONGMAN, REES,
ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN; T. CADELL; J. RICHARDSON; J. M. RICHARD-
SON; HATCHARD AND SON; R. SCHOLEY; P. W. AND G. WYNNE; S. BAG-
STER; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK; HURST, CHANCE, AND CO; HAMILTON,
ADAMS, AND CO; WHITMORE AND FENN; WHITTAKER, TREACHER, AND
CO.; J. DUNCAN ; J. COCHRAN; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; W. MASON;
G. COWIE AND CO.; T. BUMPUS; G. WILSON; T. AND W. BOORNE; J. DOW-
DING; W. J. AND J. MAYNARD; SMITH, ELDER, and cO.; J. BAIN; E.
HODGSON; HOULSTON AND SON ; AND STIRLING AND KENNY, EDIN-
BURGH; AND G. AND J. ROBINSON, LIVERPOOL.

"When the science of Botany is thus connected with devotion, the highest faculties of the human mind are called into action: contemplation is improved and dignified, and directed to its proper object." WONDERS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.

CRYPTOGAMIA.

(Continued.)

ALGE.

LI'CHEN.* Male; scattered wart-like substances. Fem. smooth Saucers or Tubercles in which the

seeds are imbedded. See Intr. Crypt. v. i.

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LICHENS.

A. Substance like powder.

B. (1) Crustaceous, granulated; with Black Lines. (2) Crustaceous, granulated; with Tubercles.

(3) Crustaceous, granulated; with Saucers.

(4) Crustaceous, granulated; with both Tubercles and Saucers. C. Crustaceous, tiled, spreading, flat, fixed down to the substance on which it grows.

D. Somewhat crustaceous; leaf-like, tiled, loose.

E. Somewhat crustaceous; bearing cups shaped like a jelly-glass.

F. Somewhat crustaceous; shrub-like, shooting into branches resembling a shrub, or branches of coral.

G. Somewhat crustaceous; thread-like.

H. Leafy, herbaceous.

I. Root single; in the centre of the plant.

K. Foliage tough, like leather.

L. Gelatinous. Foliage when fresh and moist, like jelly.

A. Substance like powder.

L. AL'BUS. Very white; between powdery and crustaceous.

Hoffm. Enum. 1. 3—(E. Bot. 1349. E.)—Dill. 1. 2—Fl. Dan. 840. 4. Very nearly allied to L. corallinus. Huds. Follows the figure of the plants on which it grows, giving them the appearance of having been

* (From λ, a sort of leprosy: Dioscor. Mart. Plin. probably alluding to the appearance of trees, rocks, or stones, incrusted with these plants. E.)