GERMANY.

Dr. Otto Böhtlingk, a native of St. Petersburgh, and scholar of Professor Lassen, is about to publish at Bonn, an edition of Panini's eight books of Grammatical Aphorisms, with notes. This is the first edition published since the year 1809, when one was published at Calcutta, which is now very scarce; and as Professor Lassen recommends Dr. Böhtlingk as a very good Sanscrit scholar, we have no doubt it will prove a welcome appearance to all friends of that language.

LEIPSIC.-The following two pamphlets, relative to the Archbishop of Cologne, have excited considerable attention here. "Der Erzbischof von Köln, Freiherr Clemens August von Droste zu Vischering, seine Principien und Opposition. Nach und mit authentischen Actenstücken und schriftlichen Belegen dargestellt:" with the motto; "In meinen Staaten kann Jeder ungestört nach seiner Façon selig werden."-Friedrich der Grosse. And by the same author. "Die Römisch-hierarchische Propaganda, ihre Partei, Utriebe und Fortschritte in Deutschland. Mit Rückblicken auf die Opposition des Erzbischofs von Köln nach unumstösslichen Thatsachen geschildert vom Verfasser der Schrift, &c. :" with the motto; "Rom wollte immer herrschen; und als seine Legionen fielen, sandte es Dogmen in die Provinzen."

HALLE. A new scientific and critical periodical has been started here under the title of "Hallische Jahrbücher für Wissenschaft und Kunst." A number will appear every day except Sunday. Among the contributors are Creuzer, Dahlmanu, Danz, Dietz, Droysen, Ewald, Gans, J. and W. Grimm, Gruppe, Herrmann, Hitzig, Keller, Lassen, Matthäei, Ranke, C. Raumer, Dr. Strauss, Uhland, Wackernagel, Warnkönig, de Wette, and numerous others. The subscription per annum will be 37.

LEIPSIC. Two editions of Kant's collected works are at present publishing in this town. Kant, it is known, never signed any agreement with his publisher, and L. Voss, a publisher of this town, took advantage of this fact, and announced an edition of Kant's complete works edited by Rosenkranz and Schubert. The proprietors are however also publishing an edition in numbers, two of which have already appeared.

STUTTGART.-A bookseller in this town is publishing a series of Classics, with illustrations similar to the French works published by Dubochet and Co., Paris. Among the works in progress are, "Don Quixotte," a German translation; "( Shakspeare," German and English, the German by Alexander Fischer; "Tausend und Eine Nacht," translated by G. Weil, edited by A. Lewald.

DRESDEN.-Walther is about to publish a new edition of Winkelmann's works, in two large octavo volumes, with 63 plates, portrait, &c., which we have no doubt will be welcomed by all antiquarians.

Göthe's Herrmann and Dorothea.-Professor Schulze, in Göttingen, has endeavoured to prove, that the incidents for Göthe's poem have been taken from a book entitled, "Ausführlichen Historie der Emigranten oder vertriebene Lutheraner aus dem Erzbissthum Salzburg: Leipzig, 1732." In which an anecdote is told, headed, "Singular Marriage" containing all the minor circumstances as related by Göthe.

A large fire which broke out in one of the outhouses of Cotta's printingoffice at Stuttgart, in January last, consumed a large part of the building and the type foundry. It has burnt whole editions of works which were to have appeared at Easter, together with a great part of the new edition of Göthe's and Schiller's Werke.

Berlin contains at present 85 booksellers, 29 second-hand booksellers, about 50 circulating libraries, and 4 paper manufactories.

Enslin, in Berlin, is publishing by subscription an edition of Dante's "la Divina Comedia," with a metrical German translation by August Kopisch ; it will appear in one volume, royal octavo, in about ten or twelve numbers.

FRANCE.

BARON SILVESTRE DE SACY.-This great man, who for more than half a century has stood at the head of the Orientalists of Europe, died at Paris last month in his eightieth year. On the morning of the day on which he expired, he had attended his class at the College de France, had inspected manuscripts for purchase for the Bibliothèque Royale, in his capacity of Conservator of the Oriental MSS. there, and had taken part in the debate in the Chamber of Peers, of which he was a member. On quitting the palace of the Luxembourg, he was seized with apoplexy as he was stepping into a fiacre, and he survived the shock but a few hours. The loss which the learned world has thus sustained is irreparable. His inexhaustible stores of erudition were freely imparted to all who desired to avail themselves of them; and scarcely a work of any importance in Oriental literature has appeared for many years, which was not, either directly or indirectly, indebted to him for a considerable portion of its value. His classes, whether at the College Royal, or the Ecole speciale des Langues Orientales, (at the former he was Professor of Persian, and at the latter, of Arabic,) were the resort, not of mere students, but of men already mature in learning; and it would be impossible for one who has not attended those classes to appreciate the value of his instructions, or the readiness and simplicity with which they were communicated. In this school it was that the Chezys, the De Tassys, the Kosegartens, Freytags, and Ewalds, and our own Falconer, were formed; nor would it be easy to name, out of all the distinguished list of those who filled the Oriental chairs in the Universities of the Continent, one whose studies were not directed by him.

A few details of his biography may not be unacceptable to the reader :Baron Antony Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, Member of the Academy of Inscriptions Knight of the Legion of Honour, Peer of France, but principally renowned for his extensive and critical knowledge, particularly in Oriental languages, was born in Paris 1758. He lost his father in his early youth, and was instructed by private teachers. He was employed in 1781 as counsellor at the Cour des Monnaies, and entered in 1735 the French academy as Associé libre. In 1791 he was appointed by the king General Commissioner of the Coins. In 1792 he became an ordinary member of the academy. From 1793 to 1796 he lived a solitary life in the country. When the National Institute was founded he was elected a member, but he declined the honour, being unwilling to take the oath of hatred to royalty. He declined also to take it in quality of professor in the Special School of the Oriental Languages, but nevertheless continued to perform the duties of that station. His literary pursuits and reputation saved him during the reign of terrorism. When Napoleon reformed the Institute, De Sacy became a member of it in the department of Ancient Literature and History. In 1808 he obtained the newly established

chair of Persian in the College de France, and was chosen a member of the legislative body by the Department of the Seine. He declared against Napoleon the 3d of April, 1814, and took a large share in the discussion of the different laws in the Chamber. He was not called to the first sitting after the return of the king. In 1813 he was created a baron. The king made him censor in 1814, and in 1815 rector of the university of Paris, and soon afterwards a member of the Commission of Public Instruction. His principal works (this catalogue is far from being complete) are:-Grammaire Arabe; Chrestomathie Arabe; Translation of Abdollatif; Mémoires sur diverses Antiquités de la Perse, (1793, 4to.); Mémoire sur l'Histoire et la Litérature Orientale, (1818, 4to.); Grammaire générale. His character was frank and liberal.

His writings, too numerous to come within the limits of this notice, are an invaluable store-house to the Arabic student. His Grammaire Arabe is perhaps the most elaborate and complete work of the class ever written of any language. His Chrestomathie Arabe (in three volumes) contains a large body of selections from the rich unpublished and "unsunned" treasures of the king's library, accompanied by notes characterized by a copiousness of illustration that only such erudition as his could afford to lavish. His contributions to the Journal Asiatique, but above all, his critiques in the Journal des Savans, form a continuous review, in which almost every work of importance bearing upon Eastern literature, that has appeared for a series of years, is judged with a calm and conscientious impartiality. His last work, L'Histoire des Druzes, which he had but lately completed, and of which he had laid a copy on the table of the Institut a few days before his death, is said to be the result of many years' research, and to excel all his former writings as a monument of erudition. That a life, every moment of which was zealously devoted to the interests of learning and religion,-for De Sacy was deeply, though unostentatiously, pious, should have been prolonged to so late a period, is matter of congratulation; yet it is scarcely possible, though unreasonable, not to consider its duration when so employed, as but the Nestorea brevitas senecta.*

Abelard and Descartes are, beyond all question, says M. Cousin, the two greatest philosophers produced by France; and yet, twelve years ago, there was no complete edition of the works of Descartes, and one of Abelard is yet to be undertaken. M. Cousin, who edited Descartes, would, he says, perform the same office for Abelard, but pleads advancing years for declining the task. At the same time he has greatly facilitated the labours of any future Editor by the recent publication of some inedited works of Abelard, the latter, in 1 vol. 4to. from MSS. in the King's Library; as well as by the learned Introduction he has prefixed to it on the State of the Scholastic Philosophy in France, and on the opinions and learning of Abelard. The greater part of Abelard's pieces in this new volume, have little interest beyond showing the mode adopted by him in his public teaching, and also his method with beginners. His fragment on genera and species is of far higher value; it is now published entire, and M. Cousin says that it equals in importance any thing we possess on the philosophy of that period. Now that it is before the world, and become, he adds, the property of the historians of philosophythis fragment will be deemed the most interesting document in the great question respecting Nominalism and Realism. We cannot but add, that the appearance of this work, at the public expense, is a striking proof of the favour now shown in France to historical and philosophical research.

Our next Number will contain an ample survey of the life and labours of this eminent scholar.

Knowledge of German Literature in France.-A recent number of "La France Litéraire," contains an article headed, "On the Modern (young) Literature in Germany," of which Falconnet is said to be the author. He however seems to have written this article twenty-five years ago, for what he means by Modern Literature is nothing less, than what is now generally called the Modern or Young School, as it comprises Körner, Moritz Arndt, (whom he singularly enough calls Arndt Moritz,) and old John; and this he calls Modern Literature in Germany. He gives us specimens of Körner, "Lützows verwegene Jagd, Schmertlied," and some others, in very inferior prose translations, and with this the "France Litéraire" pretends to have given its readers a review of Modern German Literature.

Bignon has lately again made the Belgian piracies of French books the subject of his reflections, in which he views it in a still more melancholy light than before, connecting it with the railway communication between the two countries. The moment, says he, a book is published in Paris, it will be reprinted at Bruxelles, and distributed by thousands all over France. All measures against it will be fruitless. Either Belgium must be induced to introduce the same laws with respect to booksellers and authors in connection with France, or the bookselling trade, if not the literature, of France will be ruined. The author must throw away his pen, the printer his press, and the paper-maker his paper, and all persons connected with literary pursuits will sink into misery. He complains that the ministries for Public Education and for Foreign Affairs do not see the importance of the subject. He very much censures the plan of the commission for the investigation of this affair last year, of forming a code of press-laws for all Europe. In his opinion this plan ought, in the first place, only to be extended to Belgium and French Switzerland, where he says the true enemy is. England, Germany, and all other countries in which French is not spoken, are not to be feared.

ITALY.

Even Slavonian scholars are now travelling to Rome to consult its literary stores for enlightening their own history. The author of the latest and best history of Bohemia, Francis Palacki, has returned to Prague, after a sojourn of five months at Rome. He has discovered in the collection of ancient records in the Papal archives a rich source of information, relating to the history of the last Bohemian kings of the house of Przemyliden, and the two first kings of the Luxemburg line. In the Vatican library Palacki also discovered the first sketch of the second book of the "Chronicon Aulæ Regiæ," by the Abbot Peter, in which he found many erasures and corrections; also an autograph copy of Eneas Sylvius, "De Viris Illustribus," hitherto unpublished, which contains the characters of his principal cotemporaries. Not long ago the Count Raczynsky, the well-known Polish author, undertook a scientific tour through Italy. He found in the records of the old Venetian republic, several large volumes, containing the relations of the accredited Venetian ambassador at the Polish court. From seven volumes in particular he derived much information respecting Johann III., Sobieski. Raczynsky has, with the permission of the Austrian government, ordered this portion to be copied. Also in other archives and libraries, in particular those at Padua, and the Ambrosian in Milan, he found collections of information hitherto unused by Polish historians, which also yielded many particulars relative to the histories of the kings Sigismond Augustus, Henry of Valois, and of Stephen Batony, which are of great importance.

Premier Siècle de la Calcographie, ou Catalogue raisonnée du Cabinet Cicognara. -This, a collection of the earliest style of engraving, and exhibiting the most approved good taste in the selection of the scarce proofs it contains, will be shortly sold. We need not add our confident trust that the British Museum will secure from its treasures some still rarer varieties of Mark Antonio and the early school than even its own fine collection, of which the English public is scarcely cognizant, possesses. The published catalogue, which follows the Chronological Order of Art, is a work of considerable research, and reflects great credit on the laborious investigations of Signor Zanetti. The whole collection will be sold in the course of a few months, and we simply ring this note of preparation in order that it may not be lost to us equally with the splendid library of Heber, and the unique collection of Athanasi, unequalled in variety or antiquity by any other extant, and which has been recently declined, both in Paris and Rome, as well as by the British Museum, on account of the sum demanded for it.

SWITZERLAND.

ZURICH.-The seventh and eighth volumes of Orell's edition of Cicero, containing the second and third of the "Onomasticon Tullianum" has just been published, and completes the edition, the price of which, entire, is 5l. 18s. 6d.

RUSSIA.

In the year 1836, 674 original works, and 124 translations, were published in Russia, not including 46 periodicals. The government seems desirous of preventing the publication of any new periodical, at least it will not license a private person to put forth any. The number of books published in 1836 greatly exceeds that of 1835. Scientific works, dramas, and school-books, seem to have increased, and on the other hand novels and romances decreased, both in number and bulk. 350,000 volumes of foreign books were imported into Russia in that year, full one half of which were bought at St. Petersburg.

The Imperial Russian Akademie at Petersburg, consisted, in January, 1838, of 55 ordinary, and 17 honorary, members. The institution has a library of 4340 volumes, and 123 manuscripts. The academy is about to publish a Journal under the title "Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten d. Kais. Russ. Academie." The Imperial Academy of Science, which must not be confounded with the above, read during the sessions of 1836, 86 manuscript works, memoirs and criticisms.

The public library at St. Petersburg received an addition of 27,000 volumes during the year 1836. It now contains 423,150 volumes and 17,234 manuscripts.

Fouqué's Undine has been translated into Russian hexameters by Tulkow. sky, and printed in a beautiful style, and illustrated with many engravings.

SERVIA.

Accounts from Servia announce, that a monk of the order of St. Basil has just discovered a collection of historical manuscripts in the monastery of Monte-Negro. Being ordered to inspect the vaults which extend in different