The Gazette continued about six years. On the 27th of May, 1768, it again appeared, and continued until the Revolution. Davis was a Virginian by birth; and postmaster at Newbern. He held a commission as a magistrate under Governor Tryon. The second press set up in North Carolina was at Wilmington, in 1763, by Andrew Stewart, called the Cape Fear Gazette and Wilmington Advertiser. The paper was discontinued in 1767. Stewart was an Irishman by birth, lived several years in Philadelphia, and was accidentally drowned in 1769, while bathing in the Cape Fear River. This paper was succeeded by the Cape Fear Mercury, published October 1767, by Adam Boyd, and continued to the Revolution. Boyd was an Englishman, and a true friend to liberty. He was much respected, and one of the Committee of Safety in Wilmington, 1775. His name appears in their proceedings as a leading member of the committee of correspondence. In 1776 he exchanged the press for the pulpit. In 1776 newspapers were printed at Newbern, Wilmington, Halifax, Edenton, and Hillsboro'. Had copies of these papers been preserved, as is the case now in some States, in the archives of the State Library, the history of that period would have been better known. In 1812 newspapers were printed at Raleigh, Newbern, Wilmington, Edenton, Tarboro', Murfreesboro', Fayetteville, and Warrenton. Not a single paper west of Raleigh. The following is the list of newspapers printed in North Carolina at this date, January 1st, 1851: 1. ALBEMARLE SENTINEL, Edenton, edited by Thomas C. Manning. Born in Edenton, aged 25, by profession a lawyer; Whig in politics. 2. ASHVILLE MESSENGER, Ashville, J. M. Edney. Born in Henderson County, aged 36, by profession music teacher, house and sign painter, auctioneer, to the ancient town of Ashville; Whig in politics. 3. ASHVILLE NEWS, Ashville, Native of Tennessee, aged 29, practical printer. 4. CAROLINA WATCHMAN, Salisbury, T. W. Atkin. J. J. Bruner and S. W. James. J. J. Bruner, native of Rowan, born in 1817, printer by profession. Samuel W. James, born in Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1819, and a printer by profession. Whigs. 5. CAROLINA REPUBLICAN, Lincolnton, J. M. Newsom. Native of Maryland, 44 years old, teacher by profession; Democrat. 6. CHRISTIAN SUN, Pittsboro', 7. CHARLOTTE JOURNAL, Charlotte, -) Committee. T. J. Holton. Native of Richmond, Va., 47 years of age, a printer by profession; 8. COMMUNICATOR, Fayetteville, William Potter. Mr. Potter is a native of Raleigh, aged 43; profession, preacher and printer. Temperance paper. 9. DEAF MUTE, Raleigh, 10. FAYETTEVILLE OBSERVER, W. D. Cooke. E. J. Hale and Son. Mr. Hale is a native of Randolph County, born in 1802, printer by profession; Whig in politics. 11. GOLDSBORO' PATRIOT, W. Robinson. Mr. Robinson is a native of Ireland, aged 36 years, by profession a teacher. 12. GOLDSBORO' TELEGRAPH, W. F. S. Alston. Wesley Fletcher Skidmore Alston is a native of Wake, born in 1822, by profession a planter. 13. GRANVILLE WHIG, Oxford, 14. GREENSBORO' PATRIOT, George Wortham. Swaim and Sherwood. Lyndon Swaim, 38 years old, farmer by profession until 21, when Michael S. Sherwood is about 32 years old, printer by profession; 15. HALIFAX REPUBLICAN, C. N. Webb. Mr. Webb, born in Brunswick County, Va., aged 38 years, practical printer. 16. HILLSBORO' RECORDER, D. Heartt. He is now post Mr. Heartt is a native of Connecticut, born November 1783, printer 17. HORNETS' NEST, Charlotte, L. S. Badger. Mr. Badger is a native of Virginia, about 28 years old. 18. JOURNAL OF TEMPERANCE, Elizabeth City. 19. LINCOLN COURIER, Thomas J. Eccles. Mr. Eccles, born in Ireland in 1823, practical printer; came to 20. METHODIST PULPIT, Greensboro', 21. MILTON CHRONICLE, Charles F. Deems. Mr. Webb is a native of Virginia, aged 37, his "profession is printer, publisher, and postmaster." 22. MOUNTAIN BANNER, Rutherfordton, T. A. Hayden. Mr. Hayden is a native of Florida, aged 42.. Mr. Wilson, who has succeeded him, is a native of Caswell, about 30 years old, and a lawyer by profession.. 23. NORTH CAROLINA STANDARD, Raleigh, W. W. Holden. W. W. Holden is a native of Orange County, now about 32, practical printer; studied law and obtained license, but left the bar for the press; a Democrat. 24. NORTH CAROLINIAN, Fayetteville, William H. Bayne. Mr. Bayne was a native of Georgetown, D. C., aged 36, a practical printer, and a Democrat. He died August 1851. 25. NORTH CAROLINA HERALD, Ashboro', R. H. Brown. Native of Randolph, "young and aspiring," no profession. 26. NEWBERNIAN, Newbern, William D. Mayhew. Native of Massachusetts, aged about 40 years, educated at Washington College, Lexington, Rockbridge, Va. Removed to Washington, N. C., in 1831, and took charge of the Academy in that place. Studied law under John S. Hawks, Esq., and obtained license to practice in 1836. Married in Newbern, and removed to that place in 1837. In 1844 bought out the Newbernian (a continuation of the Spectator); Whig in politics. 27. NORTH STATE WHIG, Washington, Native of Maine, lawyer, and Whig. 28. OLD NORTH STATE, Elizabeth City, 29. PRIMITIVE BAPTIST, Raleigh, 30. PLYMOUTH TIMES, Native of Beaufort, 25 years old, Whig. 31. PEOPLE'S PRESS, Salem, 32. PATRIOT AND REPUBLICAN, Goldsboro', H. Dimmock. S. D. Poole. Burwell Temple. William Eborn. Blum & Sons. W. B. Gulick. William B. Gulick was born in New Jersey, aged 36, graduated at 33. RALEIGH REGISTER, Mr. Gales is a native of Wake, aged about 25, by profession an editor, a Whig. This paper was established in October 1799, by Joseph Gales, his grandfather. He is the publisher of the first daily paper ever attempted in North Carolina. 34. RALEIGH STAR, T. J. Lemay. Native of Granville, about 49 years old, a practical printer and preacher; Whig in politics. 35. SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT, Graham, J. W. Lancaster. Mr. Lancaster is a native of Edgecombe, educated at the University, graduated in 1843, lawyer by profession, and a Democrat. 36. SPIRIT OF THE AGE, A. M. Gorman. Native of Raleigh, aged 37, printer by profession. Devoted to tem perance. 37. TARBORO' FREE PRESS, 38. VILLAGER, Plymouth, 39. WILMINGTON HERALD, George Howard, Jr. Native of Rhode Island, born 1802, practical printer. 40. WILMINGTON JOURNAL, Fulton and Price. James Fulton is a native of Ireland, 26 years of age, profession editor; Democrat. A. L. Price is a native of North Carolina, 36 years of age, profession printer, and a Democrat. 41. WILMINGTON COMMERCIAL, T. Loring. Thomas Loring is a native of Massachusetts, aged 62, practical printer and editor. 42. WADESBORO' ARGUS, Samuel Fulton. 43. WELDON PATRIOT, R. B. Parker. [This list may be imperfect, although efforts have been made to per- Of these, 1 is tri-weekly, 4 semi-weekly, the balance weekly or monthly. CHAPTER VII. Literary institutions of North Carolina-Their history, progress, and present condition-Queen's Museum, at Charlotte, 1770-University, incorporated in 1789, and located at Chapel Hill, 1792-Corner-stone laid in October 1793-Commenced tuition, 1795-Life and character of Dr. Joseph Caldwell; and a list of its graduates from 1798 to 1851-Davidson College, in Mecklenburg County, commenced in 1838; its present faculty and alumni, from 1840-Wake Forest College, in Wake County; its trustees and faculty-Female institutions, common schools, and Literary Fund of the State. THE early history of the State presents but few institutions, where the benefits of a liberal education could be obtained. In 1736, the Governor (Johnston), in his address to the Legislature bewailed the deplorable condition of the province in which no provision had been made, "or care taken to inspire the youth with generous sentiments, worthy principles, or the least tincture of literature.' In 1754, an act was passed to establish a public seminary, but it proved abortive. In 1764, an act was passed to erect a school-house in Newbern, and in 1767 Trustees were incorporated. At the end of the Royal Government (1775), Martin says that "Literature was hardly known. There were in the whole province but two schools, those of Newbern and Edenton. In the first a wooden building, in which the meetings of the Lower House of the Legislature were occasionally held." When reading the resolves of the Provincial Congress, the Provincial Councils, the District Committees of Safety, and the addresses which they published to the country, the purity of the language, the simplicity and beauty of style, the cogency of argument are so remarkable that they cannot be surpassed by the most polished productions of the present age. Even the handwriting of the men of '75, as exhibited in the Journals, will bear a fair comparison with those of this day, and perhaps surpass them in ease and plainness. This proves that our forefathers had not been inattentive to the objects of practical education. In 1770, a charter was obtained from the Provincial Assembly to incorporate the Queen's Museum at Charlotte. The charter not receiving the royal sanction was amended; and again passed in 1771; it was repealed by the King. But it flourished without a charter; and in 1777 it was incorporated by the General Assembly of the State by the name of Liberty Hall. The Trustees were Isaac Alexander, M. D., President; Thomas Polk, Thomas Neal, Abraham Alexander, Waightstill Avery, Ephraim Brevard, M. D., John Simpson, Adlai Osborne, John Mc Knitt Alexander, Rev. David Caldwell, James Edmonds, Thomas Reese, Samuel E. McCorkle, Thomas Harris McCaule, and James Hall. The latter were Presbyterian Ministers, and the school was under the supervision of this highly respectable denomination. The first meeting of the Trustees was held at Charlotte, January 3d, 1778. Lots were purchased in the town of Charlotte belonging to Col. Thomas Polk. The revolutionary war closed the school, and the troops of Cornwallis occupied its halls. Rev. DAVID CALDWELL, about the year 1767, opened a school in Guilford county. He was a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at Princeton, in 1761, and a Presbyterian Minister. (See Guilford county.) This school was conducted with great success. "His log cabin served for many years to North Carolina, as an Academy, a College, and a Theological Seminary." Many who were here educated have become distinguished as statesmen, lawyers, physicians and divines. The Constitution adopted at Halifax, 18th Dec., 1776, declared (in Section XLI.) that a school or schools shall be established, and "all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more universities." Accordingly, in 1789, the University of North Carolina was established by incorporating Samuel Johnston and others Trustees, and in Nov. 1792, these Trustees located this Institution at Chapel Hill, in Orange county. Eleven hundred and eighty acres of land were conveyed to the Trustees by the citizens of this neighborhood. In Oct. 1793, the first lots of the village were sold, and the corner-stone of the College laid. The ceremonies were conducted with masonic honors, by Wm. R. Davie, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of North Carolina, at the time, and afterwards, Governor of the State. The Rev. Dr. McCorkle, one of the Trustees, made an address. The buildings being sufficiently prepared in 1795, the Trustees selected Rev. David Kerr as Professor, and Samuel A. Holmes as Tutor. Mr. Hinton James was the first student; who arrived from Wilmington, Feb. 12th, 1795. Public instruction commenced on the 13th. Mr. Kerr was a foreigner by birth, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, a man of piety and learning. He emigrated to this country in 1791, and preached in Fayetteville, in the Presbyterian Church, and taught school there for three years. He remained but a short time at the University, removing to Lumberton, and commenced the |