motion must ensue," page 19. Again, "the application of this principle is simple and expeditious. Suppose it were required to make any vessel, say the Chancellor Livingston, travel fifteen miles per hour, ascertain what power applied from the land would be necessary to produce the desired effect; then make the raceway and paddles of such dimensions as to operate upon a column of water, whose lateral pressure against the paddles would be equal to that power, and the object is immediately attained," page 20. Again, supported as I am, by the fundamental laws of nature, tested by experiment, will I venture to call public attention to a matter fraught with consequences of high importance," page 21.Now I would simply ask Mr. Busby what kind of difference it would make, whether the water was removed from the bows of a vessel by a simple or compound wheel, or by a pair of suitable pumps? Pumps, we know, are generally preferred to all other instruments for raising water-they are more simple, less expensive, and not liable to be put out of order when properly constructed; and in respect to their bulk and the quantity of water that may be raised by them in the same time and under the same circumstances, I am of opinion there is a vast difference in their favour, and that the speed of the boat would be in proportion to the quantity of water raised by them, and the velocity with which that operation was performed. Hence I prefer “my plungers," even to my own simple water wheel. "These reflections, once originated, (I presume) require no aid of argument, or deductions of logic for their enforcement,-leaving them, therefore, to operate (on the mind of Mr. Busby) by the spontaneous impulse of their intrinsic gravity," I take my leave of him, and am, gentlemen, very respectfully, yours, JOHN I. STAPLES. ART. 5. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. DOMESTIC. HERE has recently been established mises to render itself of great public utility. It is entitled "the New-York Corresponding Association, for the promotion of Internal Improvements." The objects of the institution are thus stated: "This association has for its object the acquisition and diffusion of all useful intelligence connected with the inland trade and navigation of the country. Its founders have indulged the hope, that by opening an extensive correspondence with gentlemen of the first distinction-throughout the union, and by imbodying and sending forth, in a comprehensive form, the information which might be thus acquired, great and permanent benefit could be rendered to the American people, and much incitement given to that noble and munificent spirit of enterprise, in relation to internal improvements which now distinguishes every quarter of the United States. Officers of the Association. De Witt Clinton, President. Samuel L. Mitchill, and Cadwallader D. Colden, Vice-Presidents. Committee of Correspondence and Publi cation. Thomas Eddy, Chairman; William Bayard, Theodorus Bailey, Sylvanus Mil ler, James Tallmadge, jun. Robert Bogardus, Pierre C. Van Wyck, John Pin H. Bowne. R. Charles G. Haines, Corresponding Se cretary. Henry Post, jun. Treasurer.” The following are the queries contained in the circular issued by the society:"1. What roads or canals have been opened in your county, or in your state, to encourage internal trade and navigation ? "2. What roads and canals are now opening? "3. What roads or canals are contemplated? "4. What roads or canals might be opened to promote internal trade and na vigation, and to what probable extent would any such improvements effect these two sources of industry and wealth? "5. What is the extent, character, and course of trade in your immediate vichity?" The following is the circular of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of the state of New-York. City of New-York, August 18th, 1818. Inquiries being frequently made, by persons resident at a distance, relative to the course of studies and requisites for graduation, in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New York, as also.concerning other matters interesting to the students who resort to this school of medicine, the trustees of the college, with a view of removing the inconvenience of answering so many individual applications, and of gratifying those whom it may concern, have ordered the present Circular to be published for general information. The College opens, annually, on the. first Monday in November, and the several courses begin, successively that week, after the introductory lectures of the respective professors. The session closes the last day of February. Lectures in the Forenoon. Theory and Practice of Physic, by Dr. Hosack, from nine to ten o'clock, daily. Principles and Practice of Surgery, by Dr. Mott, from ten to eleven, daily. Anatomy, Physiology, and Surgery, by Dr. Post, from eleven to twelve, daily. Lectures in the Afternoon. Natural History, including Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology, by Dr. Mitchill, from one to two, daily. Chemistry and Materia Medica, by Dr. M.Neven, from five to six, daily. Obstetrics, and the Diseases of Women and Children, by Dr. Hosack, from four to five, on Mondays and Thursdays. Clinical Practice of Medicine, by Dr. Hamersley, from four to five, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Institutes of Medicine, and Forensic Medicine, by Dr. Francis, from four to five, on Tuesdays and Fridays. Graduation. It is expected that a candidate for graduation shall have attained the age of twenty-one years. On or before the first of February, the canditate shall make known his name and intention to one of the professors, by whom he will be informed of the time and place of examination. This first examination is by the board of professors only; it is private and confidential. A second examination is held before the board of trustees, to whom, on this occasion an appeal lies, and before whom there is offered an opportunity of redress, if a candidate thinks himself in any wise aggrieved. The names of those who have been approved by the trustees are forwarded to the regents of the University, who return an equal number of diplomas, under the signature of the chancellor. They are afterwards signed by the president of the College and the professors. By the 20th of March, the candidate shall deliver to one of the professors a dissertation on some medical subject. He is publicly examined on the same, in the College Hall, the first Monday in April, and may publish, with the approbation of one of the professors, either in the English, French, or Latin languages. The degrees are conferred by the president the next day, at a public Com mencement. From the provision thus made, it will be seen that the various courses of lectures delivered in the College are so arranged, as to constitute a complete system of medical education. The board of trustees, however, think it incumbent on them to state, that it has been their unremitted endeavour to increase, as far as practicable, the means of instruction, and to render the advantages enjoyed by the College, at least equal to those of any other similar establishment in the United States. The anatomical museum, of large extent, has been augmented by some rare and valuable preparations, and very important additions have been made to the chemical apparatus and laboratory. The cabinet of natural history has also been greatly enriched by numerous specimens, native and foreign; and in the illustrations of the geology and mineralogy of the American states, is peculiarly rich. Measures have recently been adopted by the trustees in order to provide a library for the students of the University. It is proper further to state, that although the most liberal and extensive system of medical and philosophical instruction has thus been provided, the expense of education to the candidate for medical honours is not increased beyond that of any other College in the union, as the courses are not made indispensably necessary for graduation, and the student is at liberty to attend any course or courses he may think expedient: the professors insist upon the attainments of the candidate, and not upon the number of courses, nor the number of years he may have attended at the University. The trustees confidently believe their plan of education satisfactory, and they indulge the hope that nothing will be wanting to fulfil the just expectations and liberal views of their patrons, the honourable the legislature, and the regents of the University of New-York. By order, We understand that Mr. GEORGE FREDERIC BUSBY intends giving, in the course of the present month, in this city, a public Lecture on Poetical Literature. The productions of Mr. Moore and Lord Byron will, we learn, constitute the subjectmatter of the discourse, which will be accompanied by illustrative readings from the most admired effusions of those fascinating writers. Mr. Busby's recitative powers are, we are told, peculiarly vivid and discriminating; and we have no doubt that in the composition of the Lecture his literary talents will be dis played to advantage. The third half-volume of Mr. Delaplaine's Repository is in a state of considerable forwardness, and will shortly be put to press. As the object of this work is to perpetuate the glory and virtues of those illustrious men who fought and counselled for the liberties of America, we cannot avoid recommending it warmly to the patronage of the public. Mr. Delaplaine has, we understand, been anxiously solicitous to render the present number worthy of the support we trust he will receive, and, by securing the assistance of the most eminent graphic and literary talents in the country, justified his claims to public approbation. At the late annual commencement of Union College in this state, the degree of LL. D. was confered on DAVID HoBACK, M. D. F. R. S. Dr. HosACK's new System of Nosology is nearly printed, and will be published early in October next, in one volume, octavo. The Board of Trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New-York, have recently adopted measures for the purpose of establishing a Medical and Philosophical Library for the more immediate advantage of students who resort to that school for instruction. E. J. COALE, of Baltimore, has recently published a translation of Jacobsen's LAWS OF THE SEA. The following notice of the work is taken from the Hamburg Journal of Politics and Literature: "We refer the attention of the public to a work of high interest, entitled, "Laws of the Sea, in relation to Maritime Commerce during Peace and War, by Frederick J. Jacobsen, Advocate. Altona. 1815.' Most of our readers will not fail to recollect the author's former treatise on the practical sea-laws of the English and French in relation to neutral property. The extensive importance of the contents, and the excellence of the execution of that work, were universally acknowledged. The author's present work, of equal excellence and merit, but of higher import, is presented at the favour 1 able moment of a general pacification, and must excite the attention of all maritime powers, in proportion to the unexampled extent to which commercial rights were prostrated during the late eventful wars, and the desire of regenerating a system at once so perfect and universally in force as the Consolato del Mare. By the work before us, the author has acquired the praise of having attempted this system on the most solid foundation. Without doubt it is already in the hands of all our readers to whom the German language is familiar; and we indulge a hope ere long of seeing it at least in the English and French. Commercial. Law has never before been treated with more perspicuity and sys tem, and compiled from such a variety of authentic documents, and references to judicial authorities—no author before has enriched the subject with more just remarks drawn from extensive professional experience, and an universal acquaintance with the works of the later English and other European systems of legal jurisprudence-not only as it is at this day developed, but also as the principles of equity and justice, and the general interest of commercial nations require it to be established. We are assured we do not say too much, but merely anticipate what a more circumstantial review will confirm and support. Inestimable advantages must arise to maritime commerce, from an observance by all the maritime powers of the principles upon which the work is established; for the neglect and disregard of them has produced incalculable mischief. The intelligent author, in a general review of maritime law, has brought together with unwearied industry, with critical learning and profound judgment, all that might be deemed useful and applicable to the subject from practical jurists, among the Italians, French, English, Dutch and Germans, and particularly from his long professional experience, and a correspondence with men learned in the subject of maritime jurisprudence. The work merits the consideration of all commercial governments, and should be in the possession of every respectable merchant and mariner. Above all, the decisions of the great Admiralty Judge, Sir William Scott, are herein adverted to, and the grounds of his decisions estimated according to their high value The author's own opinions and wishes, which are advanced with a commendable modesty, are as just as they are philanthropic. If, as we conceive, wars are inevitable, may his labours be rewarded by contributing largely to the establishment of a correct deportment towards neutrals. We are only enabled to advert to the principal heads of the work. 1. Of the origin, the property, and the requisite documents of property in vessels. 2. Of the persons employed to navigate the ship, and the papers and contracts having relation thereto. 3. Of the contracts, in the use of vessels, and papers of lading. 4. Of the ship's disasters, and the responsibilities and papers therein. "The index and table of contents will be found highly useful-not less so than the author's Introductory Reviews of the literature on the subject of Maritime Law." FOREIGN. In a communication from his friend and correspondent Dr. ALBERS, of Bremen, Dr. HOSACK has recently received several highly interesting specimens of the lithographic art. Among the most successful evidences of this kind of engraving may be mentioned a map of the Prussian provinces between the Weser and the Meuse, published at the Lithographic Institution, by Arney & Co. at Dusseldorf. In a letter of the 8th of June last, to Dr. Hosack, Dr. Albers states, that the distinguished Professor Soemmering has just published "distinct treatises on two animals no longer found, viz. the Lacerta gigantea, and the Ornithorynchus brevivostris; the engravings are in stone (stone prints), which art is brought in Germany, particularly in Munich, to great perfection." Dr. Albers has also transmitted, through the same channel, for the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, the first part of his Icones ad illustrandam Anatomen comparatam. The third volume of the Journal pub. lished by professor Kuff, at Berlin, contains, in the German language, accounts of the late operations for femoral and carotid aneurisms performed in this country by Drs. Hosack, Post, and other American practitioners. The late number of the Salsburg Medical and Chirurgical Journal contains ample analyses, in the German language, of several of the latest American scientific productions, viz. Dr. Currie's View of the Diseases most prevalent in the United States; Hosack's and Francis' American Medical and Philosophical Register; Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, the New-York edition of Thomas' Practice of Physic, as edited by Dr. Hosack, &c. By letters from Edinburgh so late as the 22d June, it appears that the typhus fever which not long since prevailed in several of the manufacturing towns of England and in Ireland, has made its appearance in the capital of Scotland and its environs. The mortality with which it is accompanied is unusually great. Among the victims to its influence is the excellent JOHN GORDON, M. D. F. R.S. E. familiarly known as a successful teacher of anatomical and physiological science, and as the able opponent of the craneological theories of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim."The sensations of regret at his premature death, (says a letter to Dr. Francis) were deep and extensive, and every evidence of regard was paid his memory by the Royal, Medical and Phy sical Societies of his native city.” LOOKING over a late European Magazine, we found the following statement of the revenues of the dignitaries in the English Church. Canterbury-The Duke of Rutland's cousin (Dr. C. Manners Sutton) York-Lord Vernon's and Lord Harcourt's brother (Dr. Edward Venable Vernon) Durham-Lord Barrington's uncle (H. £20,000 14,000 24,000 S. Barrington) Winchester-Lord North's brother (Hon. B. North) 18,000 Ely-The Duke of Rutland's tutor (Dr. Sparke) London (Dr. Howley) 12,000 Bath and Wells-Duke of Gloucester's tutor (Dr. R. Beaden) 5,000 Chichester-Duke of Richmond's tutor (Dr. Buckner) 4,000 Litchfield and Coventry-Lord Corn wallis's uncle (Dr. J. Cornwallis) Worcester (Dr. Cornwall) Hereford (Dr. Huntingford) 9,000 4,000 4,000 Bangor-The son of the Queen's En glish master (Dr. J. W. Majendie) St. Asaph-Duke of Beaufort's tutor (Dr. Luxmore) 5,000 6,000 Oxford-Brother of the Regent's tutor I appears from the Lord Steward's account, laid before parliament, that the Prince Regent's eight hour's cruise off Brighton, cost 12007.!! It appears by returns from the Scotch presbyteries, that there are in Scotland 3486 lunatics, including the Northern Isles and Zetland, but exclusive of 259 parishes from which no returns have been received. Of the former number 2810 are at large; 649 are confined; 622 are furious, and 2688 are fatuous; 965 are wholly maintained by relations; 781 partly, 523 wholly by parishes. The cast iron bridge over the Irwell, from Salford to Strangeways, is so nearly complete, that the painters are employed upon it. It is of one arch only, of 120 feet span. A short time since, a parrot, belonging to a gentleman at Corkickle, near White-haven, laid eggs; one of which, being placed under a tame pigeon, has produced a fine lively parrot. Letters from Gibraltar, dated June 5, state, that alarming accounts had been received of the plague. It had reached Fez. Great apprehensions were entertained that it would everspread the western coast of Africa. To the astonishment of the oldest member of parliament, the dissolution was announced vira voice by the Prince Regent, in the name and on behalf of his majesty. This is the first occurrence of the kind since the reign of the STUARTS. It was then the course when parlia5,000 ments dissatisfied the king, and was always considered as an act of anger. It appears from English papers, that the election has been unusually riotous. Mr. Maxwell, the ministerial candidate for Westminster, was wounded in a riot. The opposition have increased in number 35. Sir S. Romily and Sir F. Burdett are returned from Westminster.-Hunt had only 73 votes. Canning and Gascoigne are elected at Liver pool. Canning had 1654 votes-Lord Sefton 1280. Mr. Brougham has lost his election in Westmoreland. Grattan has been grossly insulted and wounded in an electioneering squabble in Dublin. The borough of Southwark sends two opposition members. We are told |