up in every pool. In sighs ceases the song of the birds, as they cluster upon the trees decked only with faded leaves. The weary monkeys crawl slowly on the hill. The buffaloes wander about seeking for water. But he that lives by the lotus-pond drinks the fragrance of the flowers, wets with cool streams the floors of the house, and by moonlight sports with his beloved in song and jest; he forgets the heat of summer.

FROM KALIDĀSA'S UNION OF SEASONS': THE SPRING

THE springtime-god, the god of love, comes, beloved, to wound the hearts of happy men; the god who has made the bees his bowstring, and mango blossoms his arrows. The maiden loves, the light breeze blows fragrantly, the trees are in bloom, and the lotus adorns the pool. Peaceful is the night and refreshing is the day. How lovely is all in spring! When the lakes are bright with jewels [blossoms], and like the moon in splendor shines every band of maidens; when mango-trees wave amid flowers, then comes the joy of spring. The fair girls wander out, at the call of the love-god, with garlands on the breast, with cool sandals on the feet, and their breath fragrant with betel. Fearless they go, and karnikāra flowers make their earrings, while açoka buds are nestling in their dark locks; and the jasmine lies upon their heads. The heart of the young man is filled with joy, as the atimuktas open their fragrant buds, and the drunken bees kiss the shining flowers, while delicately back and forth sway the tendrils of every plant touched by the light zephyrs. But he that is repulsed by his love is pierced in his heart as by an arrow.

After the Translation of Bohlen.

OTHER OF KALIDĀSA'S LYRIC

HINE eyes are blue lotus flowers; thy teeth, white jasmine; thy face is like a lotus flower.

TH

thy face is like a lotus flower. So thy body must be made

of the leaves of most delicate flowers: how comes it then

that god hath given thee a heart of stone?

Her eye

MY LOVE is a hunter, who comes proudly hither. brows are the huntsman's bended bow; her glances are the huntsman's piercing darts. They surely and swiftly smite my heart, which is the wounded gazelle.

FROM BHARTRIHARI'S LYRIC

HE whom I love loves another, and the other again loves

Sanother, while another is pleased with me. Ah! the tricks

of the god of love!

After the Translation of Bohlen.

WHERE thou art not and the light of thine eyes, there to me is darkness; even by the brightness of the taper's light, all to me is dark. Even by the quiet glow of the hearth-fire, all to me is dark. Though the moon and the stars shine together, yet all is dark to me. The light of the sun is able only to distress me. Where thou, my doe, and thine eyes are not, there all is dark to

me.

THE god of love sits fishing on the ocean of the world, and on the end of his hook he has hung a woman. When the little human fishes come they are not on their guard. Quickly he catches them and broils them in love's fire.

After the Translation of Schroeder.

THE

FROM AMARU'S LYRIC

HE young wife raises her face from the pillow and gazes long upon the face of her husband, who pretends to be sleeping still. Over and over again she kisses his face without shame. But as she sees him stir, her face droops with bashfulness, till it is raised and kissed by her laughing beloved.

THE wife of him that is gone upon a journey looks down the road upon which he will return, far as the eye can see; till as the day ends and darkness comes and the path can be seen no more, she turns to enter the house. But in that moment she thinks, "Even now he will be coming," and quickly turns her head and looks again.

"N"

THE BEE'S DREAM

IGHT will quickly pass, fair will be the dawn; the sun will rise in beauty and the glorious lilies will unfold themselves." While a bee, sleeping in a flower, thus dreamed, came, alas! an elephant and crushed it as it lay.

After the Translation of Böhtlingk.

OTHER LYRIC PIECES

I

HAVE seen thy form, and behold, even the jasmine seems

coarse.

THE

HE moon in the spotless sky wanders, like a white flamingo in its silver beauty. air is divinely pure. shining through all space.

No cloud troubles the clearness, the
The star-flowers of the sky sparkle,

After the Translation of Schroeder.

SPECIMENS OF THE RELIGIOUS-EROTIC LYRIC OF THE
TWELFTH CENTURY

From the Gitagovinda'

[Radha's friend tells her how god Krishna sports with the herds-girls.] N THE breath of spring, Radha, with body fair as flowers of spring, seeking Krishna everywhere, was thus addressed by her friend:-"Under a garland of fragrant flowers, a garland which the bees surround, Krishna now in spring is playing, happy spring; and dances with the maidens at a time not sweet to those whose love is gone. Where lamentations arise from women whose lovers are away; where the young tamals are drunken with sweet flowers, and the kinçuka buds, the lovely, are gleaming; where are golden keçaras like to the sceptre of the love-god; and the patali buds are filled with bees like the quiver of Eros. There is Krishna playing, and dances with the maidens. Krishna in the crowd of maidens jests with them that jest with him. Clothed in a yellow garment, crowned with flowers, anointed with sandal paste, rings in his ears, smiling amid the merry throng, he sports, all in the joy of spring; while, with swelling breasts, embracing Krishna, one of the maidens sings to him, and another whispers something in his ear and swiftly kisses the beloved one. One he embraces, and one he kisses, and one he presses upon his heart, looks at one with a smile, and lists to the words of another.”

D

RADHA'S JEALOUS LAMENT

From the same

RUNK with joy on the breast of Krishna, while on her bosom the jewel trembles, sweetly with Krishna united, sports one who seems to me blest. Her moon-like face surrounded with fair locks, drinking his lips till weary with drinking, sweetly with Krishna united, sports one who seems to me blest. Smiling and reddening with the glance of the beloved, quivering with the rapture of love, sports one who seems to me blest [etc.].

After the Translation of Rückert.

SPECIMEN OF THE RELIGIOUS POETRY OF THE MODERN SECTS FROM THE BIBLE OF THE DADU PANTHIS, SIXTEENTH CENTURY

E IS my God who maketh all things perfect. O foolish one,

HR

God is not far from you. He is near you. God's power is always with you. Whatever is to be, is God's will.

What will be, will be. Therefore long not for grief or joy, because by seeking the one you may find the other. All things are sweet to them that love God. I am satisfied with this, that happiness. is in proportion to devotion. O God, thou who art truth, grant me contentment, love, devotion, and faith. Sit ye with humility at the feet of God and rid yourselves of the sickness of your bodies. From the wickedness of the body there is much to fear, because all sins enter into it. Therefore let your dwelling be with the fearless, and direct yourselves toward the light of God. For there neither poison nor sword has power to destroy, and sin cannot enter.

Translation of Wilson.

NOTE. For other selections of Indian literature see individual authors and works. A bibliography will include Colebrooke, 'Essays,' re-edited by Cowell and Whitney; Max Müller, 'Ancient Sanskrit Literature'; Whitney, 'Oriental and Linguistic Studies'; Weber, 'Vorlesungen ueber Indische Literaturgeschichte' (English translation, as 'Indian Literature,' published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston); Von Schroeder, 'Indiens Literatur und Cultur'; Muir, 'Original Sanskrit Texts'; Grassmann, 'Der Rig-Veda' (German translation); Kaegi,

'Der Rig-Veda' (translated into English by Arrowsmith); the 'Sacred Books of the East' (contain translations from the 'Çatapatha Brāhmana,' Upanishads, law-books, etc.); Gough, Philosophy of the Upanishads'; Jacobi, Kalpa-Sutra'; Oldenberg, 'Buddha'; T. W. Rhys Davids, 'Manual of Buddhism,' 'Hibbert Lectures,' and 'Buddhism,' also 'Buddhist Suttas' translated by Oldenberg and Davids in the 'Sacred Books of the East'; Williams, 'Indian Wisdom'; Protap C. Roy, Translation of Mahabharata' (publishing in India); Jacobi, 'Rāmāyana'; Wilson, Analysis of Puranas' (Selected Essays); Wilson, Hindu Drama '; Williams, 'Sakuntalā '; Wilson, 'Meghadūta '; Brunnhofer, 'Geist der Indischen Lyrik.' There is no special work on modern Indian literature; but the essays of Wilson and Williams may be consulted, and much in regard to dialectic and folk-lore literature will be found in the Indian Antiquary, a journal published in India. All the most important works on Indian literature till the time of the Renaissance, and all the works on the religious literature after this date, will be found in the Bibliography at the end of the 'Religions of India' ('Handbooks on the History of Religions').