pregò che lo tenesse segreto, e glielo disse, accicoc-| coletto Alberto, il Guardiaga, e altri uomini da mare, che il detto Ser Niccolò non si partisse di casa a dì e d' altre condizioni. I quali furono esaminati, e 15, acciocchè egli non fosse morto. Ed egli volendo trovata la verità del tradimento. A dì 16 d'Aprile partirsi, il fece ritenere a suoi di casa, e serrarlo in fu sentenziato pel detto Consiglio de' Diecci, che una camera. Ed esso andò a casa di M. Giovanni Filippo Calandario, e Bertucci Israello fossero appicGradenigo Nasone, il quale fu poi Doge, che stava cati alle colonne rosse del balconate del Palazzo, nelle anch' egli a Santo Stefano; e dissegli la cosa. La quali sta a vendere il Doge la festa della Caccia. E quale parendogli, com'era, d'una grandissima im- cosi furono appiccati con spranghe in bocca. E nel portanza, tutti e due andarono a casa di Ser Marco giorno seguente' questi furono condannati, NicCornaro, che stava a San Felice. E dettogli il tutto colò Zuccuolo, Nicoletto Blondo, Nicoletto Doro, tutti e tre deliberarono di venire a casa del detto Marco Giuda, Jacomello Dagolino, Nicoletto FeSer Niccolò Lioni, ed esaminare il detto Beltramo. dele figliuolo di Filippo Calendaro, Marco Torello, E quello esaminato, intese le cose, il fecero stare detto Israello, Stefano Trivisano, cambiatore di serrato. E andarono tutti e tre a San Salvatore in Santa Margherita, Antonio dalle Bende. Furono sacristia, emandorono i loro famigli a chiamare i tutti presi a Chioggia, che fuggivano, e dipoi in diConsiglieri, gli Avvogadori, i Capi de' Dieci, e que' versi giorni a due a due, ed a uno a uno, per sendel Consiglio. E ridotti insieme dissero loro le cose. tenza fatta nel detto Consiglio de' Dieci, furono apI quali rimasero morti. E deliberarono di mandare piccati per la gola alle colonne, continuando dalle pel detto Beltramo, e fattolo venire cautamente, ed rosse del Palazzo, seguendo fin verso il Canale. E esaminatolo, e verificate le cose, ancorché ne sen- altri presi furono lasciati, perchè sentirono il fatto, tissero gran passione, pure pensarono la provvisione. ma non vi furono tal che fu dato loro ad intendere E mandarono pe' Capi de' Quaranta, pe' Signori di per questi capi, che venissero coll' arme, per prennotte, pe Capi de' Sestieri, e pè Cinque della Pace. dere alcuni malfattori in servigio della Signori, nè E ordinato, ch' eglino co' loro uomini trovassero altro sapeano. Fu encora liberato Nicoletto Alberto, degli altri buoni uomini, e mandassero a casa de' il Guardiaga, e Bartolommeo Ciriuola, e suo figliuolo, capi de' congiurati, ut supra mettessero loro le mani e molti altri, che non erano in celpa. addosso. E tolsero i detti le Maestrerie dell' Arse- "E a dì 16 d'Aprile, giorno di Venerdì, fu sen nale, acciochè i provvisionati de' congiurati non tenziato nel detto Consiglio de' Dieci, di tagliare la potessero offenderli. E si ridussero in Palazzo ver- testa a Messer Marino Faliero Doge sul pato della so la sera. Dove ridotti fecero serrare le porte della scala di pietra, dove i Dogi giurano il primo sagracorte del Palazzo. E mandarono a ordinare al cam-mento, quando montano prima in Palazzo. E così panaro, che non sonasse le campane. E cos fu ese- serrato il Palazzo, la mattina seguente a ora di terguito e messe le mani adosso a tutti i nominati di za, fu tagliata la testa al detto Doge a dì 17 d'Aprile. sopra, furono que' condotti al Palazzo. E vedendo E prima la berretta fu tolta di testa al detto Doge, il Consiglio de Dieci, che il Doge era nella cospira- avanti che venisse giù dalla scala. E compiuta la zione, presero di eleggere venti de' primarj della giustizia, pare che un Capo de' Dieci andasse alle Terra, di giunta al detto Consiglio à consigliare, Colonne del Palazzo sopra la Piazza, e mostrasse la non pero che potessero mettere pallotta. spada insanguinata a tutti, dicendo: E stata fatta la

"I Consiglieri furono questi: Ser Giovanni Moce- gran giustizia del Traditore. E aperta la porta, tutti nigo del Sestiero di San Marco; Ser Almorò Veni- entrarono dentro con gran furia a vedere il Doge, ero da Santa Marina, del Sestiero di Castello; Ser ch' era stato giustiziato. E' da sapere, che a fare la Tommaso Viadro, del Sestiero di Caneregio; Ser Gio- detta giustizia non fu Ser Giovanni Sanudo il Consivanni Sanudo, del Sestiero di Santa Croce; Ser gliere, perchè era andato a casa per difetto della Pietro Trivisano, del Sestiero di San Paolo; Ser persona, sicchè furono quattordici soli, che ballotPantalione Barbo il Grande, del Sestiero d'Ossoduro. tarono, cioè cinque Consiglieri, e nove del ConsigGli Avvogadori del Comune furono Ser Zufredo Mo-lio de' Dieci. È fu preso, che tutti i beni del rosini, e Ser Orio Pasqualigo, e questi non ballotta- Doge fossero confiscati nel Comune, e così degli alrono. Que' del Consiglio de' Dieci; furono: Ser Gi- tri traditori. E fu conceduto al detto Doge pel ovanni Marcello, Ser Tommaso Sanudo, e Ser Miche- detto Consiglio de' Dieci, ch' egli potesse ordinare eletto Dolfino, Capi del detto Consiglio de' Dieci; del suo per ducati due mila. Ancora fu preso, che Ser Luca da Legge, e Ser Pietro da Mosto, Inquisi- tutti i Consiglieri, e Avvogadori del Comune, que' tori del detto Consiglio: Ser Marco Polani, Ser Ma- del Consiglio de' Dieci, e della Giunta, ch' erano rino Veniero, Ser Lando Lombardo, Ser Nicoletto stati a fare la detta sentenza del Doge, e d'altri, Trivisano da Sant' Angiolo. Questi elessero tra avessero licenza di portar' arme di dì e di notte in loro una Giunta, nella notte ridotti quasi sul romper Venezia e da Grado fino a Gavarzere, ch' è sotto il del giorno, di venti nobili di Venezia de' migliori, Dogato, con due fanti in vita loro, stando i fanti de' più savj, e de' piu antichi, per consultare, non con essi in casa al suo pane e al suo vino. E chi però che mettessero pallottola. E non vi vollero non avesse fanti, potesse dar tal licenza a' suoi alcuno da Cà Faliero. E cacciarono fuori del Con- figliuoli ovvero fratelli, due però e non più. Eziansiglio Niccolò Faliero, e un' altro Niccolò Faliero, dio fu data licenza dell' arme a quattro Notaj della da San Tommaso, per essere della casata del Doge. Cancelleria, cioè della Corte Maggiore, che furono E questa provigione di chiamare i venti della Giunta a prendere le deposizioni e inquisizioni, in perpetuo fu molto commendata per tutta la Terra. Questi a loro soli, i quali furono Amadio, Nicoletto di Lofurono i venti della Giunta, Ser Marco Giustiniani, reno, Steffanello, e Pietro de' Compostelli, Scrivani Procuratore, Ser' Andrea Erizzo, Procuratore. Ser de' Signori di notte. Ed essendo stati impiccati i Lionardo Giustiniani, Procuratore, Ser' Andrea Con-traditori, e tagliata la testa al Doge, rimase la Terra tarini, Ser Simone Dandolo, Ser Niccolo Volpe Ser in gran riposo e quiete. E come in una cronica ho Giovanni Loredano Ser Marco Diedo, Ser Giovanni trovato, fu portato il corpo del Doge in una barca Gradenigo, Ser' Andrea Cornaro, Cavaliere, Ser con otto doppieri a seppelire nella sua arca a San Marco Soranzo, Ser Rinieri da Mosto, Ser Gazano Giovanni e Paolo, la quale al presente è in quell' Marcello, Ser Marino Morosino, Sere Stefano Be- andito per mezzo la Chiesuola di Santa Maria della legno, Ser Niccolò Lioni, Ser Filippo Orio, Ser Mar- Pace, fatta fare pel Vescovo Gabriello di Bergamo, co Trivisano, Ser Jacopo Bragadino, Ser Giovanni e un cassone di pietra con queste lettere: Heic jaFoscarini. É chiamati questi venti nel Consiglio cet Dominus Marinus Faletro Dux e nel gran Conde' Diecci, fu mandato per Messer Marino Faliero siglio non gli è stato fatto alcun brieve, ma il luogo Loge, il quale andava pel Palazzo con gran gente, vacuo con lettere, che dicono cosi: Hic est locus gentiluomini, e altra buona gente, che non sapeand Marini Faletro, decapitati pro criminibus. E pare, ancora come il fatto stava. In questo tempo fu che la sua casa fosse data alla Chiesa di Sant' Aposcondotto, preso, e legato, Bertuccio Israello, uno de' tolo, la qual era quella grande sul ponte. Tamen Capi del trattato per que' di Santa Croce, e ancora vedo il contrario che è pure di Cà Faliero, o che i fu preso Zanello del Brin, Nicoletto di Rosa, e Ni- Falieri la ricu perassero con danari dalla Chiesa.

Nè voglio restar d' scrivere alcuni, che volevano, | creetly, so that my Lord the Duke ordered that he che fosse messo nel suo breve, cioè: Marinus Fa- should be kicked off the solajo; and the esquires letro Dux, temeritas me cepit pœnas lui, decapitatus of the Duke flung him down from the solajo accordpro criminibus. Altri vi fecero un distico assai deg-ingly. Ser Michele thought that such an affront no al suo merito, il quale è questo da cessere posto was beyond all bearing; and when the feast was su la sua sepoltura :

"Non voglio restar di scrivere quello che ho letto in una cronica, cioè, che Marino Faliero trovandosi Podestà e Capitano a Treviso, e dovendosi fare una processione, il vescovo sette troppo a far venire il Corpo di Cristo. Il detto Faliero era di tanta superbia e arroganza, che diede un buffetto al prefato Vescovo, per modo ch' egli quasi cadde in terra. Però fu permesso, che il Faliero perdette l'intelletto, che il Faliero perdette l'intelletto, e fece la mala marte, come ho scritto di sopra.'

*

over and all other persons had left the palace, he, continuing heated with anger, went to the hall of of audience, and wrote certain unseemly words re lating to the Duke and the Duchess, upon the chair in which the Duke was used to sit; for in those days the Duke did not cover his chair with Michele wrote thereon:-" Marin Falier, the hus cloth of sendal, but he sat in a chair of wood. Ser band of the fair wife; others kiss her, but he keeps her." In the morning the words were seen, and the matter was considered to be very scandalous; and the Senate commanded the Avvogadori of the Commonwealth to proceed therein with the greatest and the Senate commanded the Avvogadori of the diligence. A largess of great amount was immediately proffered by the Avvogadori, in order to dis

Cronica di Sanuto-Muratori S. S. Rerum Itali- cover who had written these words. And at length carum-vol. xxii. 628-639.

II.
MCCCLIV.

MARINO FALIERO, DOGE XLIX.

it was known that Michele Steno had written them. It was resolved in the Council of Forty that he should be arrested; and he then confessed, that in a fit of vexation and spite, occasioned by his being thrust off the solajo in the presence of his mistress, he had written the words. Therefore the Council debated thereon. And the Council took his youth into consideration, and that he was a lover, and therefore they adjudged that he should be kept in close confinement during two months, and that afterwards he should be banished from Venice

On the eleventh day of September, in the year of and the state during one year. In consequence of our Lord 1354, Marino Faliero was elected and this merciful sentence the Duke became exceedingly chosen to be the Duke of the Commonwealth of wroth, it appearing to him that the Council had not Venice. He was Count of Valdemarino, in the acted in such a manner as was required by the remarches of Treviso, and a Knight and a wealthy |spect due to his ducal dignity; and he said that man to boot. As soon as the election was complet- they ought to have condemned Ser Michele to be ed, it was resolved in the Great Council, that a dep- hanged by the neck, or at least to be banished for utation of twelve should be despatched to Marino life. Faliero, the Duke, who was then on his way from Now it was fated that my Lord Duke Marino was Rome; for, when he was chosen, he was ambassa- to have his head cut off. And as it is necessary, dor at the court of the Holy Father, at Rome, when any effect is to be brought about, that the the Holy Father himself held his court, at Avign- cause of such effect must happen, it therefore came non. When Messer Marino Faliero, the Duke, was to pass, that on the very day after sentence had about to land in this city, on the 5th day of Octo- been pronounced on Ser Michele Steno, being the ber, 1354, a thick haze came on, and darkened the first day of Lent, a gentleman of the house of Barair and we was enforced to land on the place of baro, a choleric gentleman, went to the arsenal and Saint Mark, between the two columns, on the spot required certain things of the masters of the galwhere evil doers are put to death; and all thought leys. This he did in the presence of the admiral of this was the worst of tokens.-Nor must I forget to the arsenal, and he, hearing the request, answered, write that which I have read in a chronicle.-When -No, it cannot be done.-High words arose between Messer Marino Faliero was podesta and captain of the gentleman and the admiral, and the gentleman Treviso, the bishop delayed coming in with the holy struck him with his fist just above the eye, and as sacrament, on a day when a procession was to take he happened to have a ring on his finger, the ring place. Now the said Marino Faliero was so very cut the admiral and drew blood. The admiral, all proud and wrathful, that he buffeted the bishop, bruised and bloody, ran straight to the Duke to and almost struck him to the ground. And there- complain, and with the intent of praying him to fore, Heaven allowed Marino Faliero to go out of inflict some heavy punishment upon the gentleman his right senses, in order that he might bring him- of Ca Barbaro.- What wouldst thou have me do self to an evil death. for thee?" answered the Duke;-" think upon the When this Duke had held the dukedom during shameful gibe which hath been written concerning nine months and six days, he being wicked and am- me; and think on the manner in which they have bitious, sought to make himself lord of Venice, in punished that ribald Michele Steno, who wrote it; the manner which I have read in an ancient chron- and see how the Council of Forty respect our pericle. When the Thursday arrived upon which they son."-Upon this the admiral answered;-"My were wont to hunt the bull, the bull-hunt took place Lord Duke, if you would wish to make yourself a as usual; and, according to the usage of those prince, and cut all those cuckoldy gentlemen to times, after the bull-hunt had ended, they all pro- pieces, I have the heart, if you do but help me, to ceeded unto the palace of the Duke, and assembled make you prince of all this state; and then you together in one of his halls; and they disported may punish them all.-Hearing this, the Duke said; themselves with the women. And until the first "How can such a matter be brought about?' bell tolled they danced, and then a banquet was and so they discoursed thereon. served up. My lord the Duke paid the expenses The Duke called for his nephew, Ser Bertuccio thereof, provided he had a Duchess, and after the Faliero, who lived with him in the palace, and they banquet they all returned to their homes. communed about this plot. And, without leaving Now to this feast there came a certain Ser Michele the place, they sent for Philip Calendaro, a seaman Steno, a gentleman of poor estate and very young, of great repute, and for Bertuccio Israello, who was but crafty and daring, and who loved one of the exceedingly wily and cunning. Then taking coundamsels of the Duchess. Ser Michele stood among sel among themselves, they agreed to call in some the women upon the solajo; and he behaved indis-others; and so for several nights successively, they

met with the Duke at home in his palace. And the Council of Ten saw that the Duke was in the plot, following men were called in singly; to wit:- Nic- they resolved that twenty of the leading men of the colo Fagiuolo, Giovanni da Corfu, Stefano Fagiano, state should be associated to them, for the purpose Niccolo dalle Bende, Niccolo Biondo and Stefano of consultation and deliberation, but that they Trivisano. It was concerted that sixteen or seven-should not be allowed to ballot.

teen leaders should be stationed in various parts of The counsellors were the following: Ser Giovanni the city, each being at the head of forty men, armed Mocenigo, of the Sestiero of San Marco; Ser Aland prepared; but the followers were not to know moro Veniero da Santa Marina, of the Sestiero of their destination. On the appointed day they were Castello; Ser Tommaso Viadro, of the Sestiero of to make affrays among themselves here and there, Caneregio; Ser Giovanni Sanudo, of the Sestiero of in order that the Duke might have a pretence for Santa Croce; Ser Pietro Trivisano, of the Sestiero tolling the bells of San Marco: these bells are of San Paolo; Ser Pantalione Barbo il Grande, of never rung but by the order of the Duke. And at the Sestiero of Ossoduro. The Avvogadori of the the sound of the bells, these sixteen or seventeen, Commonwealth were Zufredo Morosini, and Ser with their followers, were to come to San Marco, Orio Pasqualigo; and these did not ballot. Those through the streets which open upon the Piazza. of the Council of Ten were Ser Giovanni Marcello, And when the noble and leading citizens should Ser Tommaso Sanudo, and Ser Micheletto Dolfino, come into the Piazza, to know the cause of the riot, the heads of the aforesaid Council of Ten. Ser then the conspirators were to cut them in pieces; Lucca da Legge, and Ser Pietro da Mosto, inquisiand this work being finished, my Lord Marino Fali- tors of the aforesaid Council. And Ser Marco Poero the Duke was to be proclaimed the Lord of lani, Ser Marino Veniero, Ser Lando Lombardo, and Venice. Things having been thus settled, they Ser Nicoletto Trivisano, of Sant'Angelo. agreed to fulfil their intent on Wednesday, the Late in the night, just before the dawning, they fifteenth day of April, in the year 1355. So covertly chose a junta of twenty noblemen of Venice from did they plot, that no one ever dreamt of their among the wisest and the worthiest and the oldest. machinations. They were to give counsel, but not to ballot. And But the Lord, who hath always helped this most they would not admit any one of Cà Faliero. And glorious city, and who, loving its righteousness and Niccolo Faliero, and another Niccolo Faliero, of San holiness, hath never forsaken it, inspired one Bel- Tommaso, were expelled from the Council, because tramo Bergamasco to be the cause of bringing the they belonged to the family of the Doge. And this plot to light in the following manner. This Beltra-resolution of creating the junta of twenty was much mo, who belonged to Ser Niccolo Lioni of Santo praised throughont the state. The following were Stefano, had heard a word or two of what was to the members of the junta of twenty: take place; and so, in the before-mentioned month Giustiniani, Procuratore, Ser' Andrea Erizzo, Proof April, he went to the house of the aforesaid Ser curatore, Ser Lionardo Giustiniani, Procuratore, Niccolo Lioni, and told him all the particulars of Ser' Andrea Contarini, Ser Simone Dandolo, Ser the plot. Ser Niccolo, when he heard all these Niccolo Volpe, Ser Giovanni Loredano, Ser Marco things, was struck dead, as it were, with affright. Diedo, Ser Giovanni Gradenigo, Ser Andrea CornaHe heard all the particulars, and Beltramo prayed ro, Cavaliere, Ser Marco Soranzo, Ser Rinieri da him to keep it all secret; and if he told Ser Nicco- Mosto, Ser Gazano Marcello, Ser Marino Morosini, lo, it was in order that Ser Niccolo might stop at Ser Stefano Belegno, Ser Niccolo Lioni, Ser Filippo home on the fifteenth of April, and thus save his Orio, Ser Marco Trivisano, Ser Jacopo Bragadino, life. Beltramo was going, but Ser Niccolo ordered Ser Giovanni Foscarina. his servants to lay hands upon him and lock him up. Ser Niccolo then went to the house of Messer Giovanni Gradenigo Nasoni, who afterwards became Duke, and who also lived at Santo Stefano, and told him all. The matter seemed to him to be of the very greatest importance, as indeed it was; and they two went to the house of Ser Marco Cornaro, At the same time Bertuccio Israello, who, as one who lived at San Felice; and, having spoken with of the ringleaders, was to head the conspirators in him, they all three then determined to go back to Santa Croce, was arrested and bound, and brought the house of Ser Niccolo Lioni, to examine the said before the Council. Zanello del Brin, Nicoletto di Beltramo; and having questioned him, and heard Rosa, Nicoletto Alberto, and the Guardiaga, were all that he had to say, they left him in confinement. also taken together, with several seamen, and people And then they all three went into the sacristy of of various ranks. These were examined, and the San Salvatore, and sent their men to summon the truth of the plot was ascertained. Councillors, the Avvogadori, the Capi de' Dieci, and those of the Great Council.

Ser Marco

These twenty were accordingly called into the Council of Ten; and they sent for my Lord Marino Faliero the Duke: and my Lord Marino was then consorting in the palace with people of great estate, gentlemen, and other good men, none of whom knew yet how the fact stood.

On the sixteenth of April, judgment was given in the Council of Ten, that Filippo Calendaro and When all were assembled, the whole story was Bertuccio Israello should be hanged upon the red told to them. They were struck dead, as it were, pillars of the balcony of the palace, from which the with affright. They determined to send for Beltra- Duke is wont to look at the bull-hunt: and they mo. He was brought in before them. They ex-were hanged with gags in their mouths. amined him, and ascertained that the matter was The next day the following were condemned: true; and, although they were exceedingly troubled, Niccolo Zuccuolo, Nicoletto Blondo, Nicoletto Doro yet they determined upon their measures. And Marco Giuda, Jacomello Dagolino, Nicoletto Fithey sent for the Capi de' Quaranta, the Signori dele, the son of Philip Calendaro, Marco Torello, di Notte, the Capi de' Sestieri, and the Cinque called Israello, Stefano Trivisano, the moneydella Pace; and they were ordered to associate to changer of Santa Margherita, and Antonio dalle their men other good men and true, who were to Bende. These were all taken at Chiozza, for they proceed to the houses of the ringleaders of the con- were endeavoring to escape. Afterwards, by virtue spiracy and secure them. And they secured the of the sentence which was passed upon them in the foreman of the arsenal, in order that the conspira- Council of Ten, they were hanged on successive tors might not do mischief. Towards nightfall they days, some singly and some in couples, upon the assembled in the palace. When they were assem-columns of the palace, beginning from the red colbled in the palace, they caused the gates of the umns, and so going onwards towards the canal. quadrangle of the palace to be shut. And they And other prisoners were discharged, because, alsent to the keeper of the bell tower, and forbade the though they had been involved in the conspiracy, tolling of the bells. All this was carried into effect. yet they had not assisted in it: for they were given The before-mentioned conspirators were secured, to understand by some of the heads of the plot, that and they were brought to the palace; and as the they were to come armed and prepared for the ser

vice of the state, and in order to secure certain] [I am obliged for this excellent translation of the old chronicle to Mr. F criminals, and they knew nothing else. Nicoletto Cohen, to whom the reader will find himself indebted for a version that Alberto, the Guardiaga, and Bartolommeo Ciriuola could not myself (though after many years' intercourse with Italian,) havt and his son, and several others, who were not guilty, given by any means so purely and so faithfully.] were discharged.

III.

On Friday, the sixteenth day of April, judgment was also given, in the aforesaid Council of Ten, that my Lord Marino Faliero, the Duke, should have his head cut off, and that the execution should be done on the landing-place of the stone staircase, where the Dukes take their oath when they first enter the "AL giovane Doge Andrea Dandolo succedette palace. On the following day, the seventeenth of un vecchio, il quale tardi si pose al timone della reApril, the doors of the palace being shut, the Duke pubblica, ma sempre prima di quel, che facea d'uopo had his head cut off, about the hour of noon. And a lui, ed alla patria: egli e Marino Faliero personthe cap of estate was taken from the Duke's head naggio a me noto per antica dimestichezza. Falsa before he came down stairs. When the execution era l'opinione intorno a lui, giacchè egli si mostrò Non pago was over, it is said that one of the Council of Ten fornito più di coraggio che di senno. went to the columns of the palace over against the della prima dignità, entrò con sinistro piede nel place of St. Mark, and that he showed the bloody pubblico Palazzo: imperciocche questo Doge dei sword unto the people, crying out with a loud voice Veneti, magistrato sacro in tutti i secoli, che dagli -"The terrible doom hath fallen upon the traitor !" antichi fu sempre venerato qual nume in quella città -and the doors were opened, and the people all 1' altr' jeri fu decollato nel vestibolo dell' istesso rushed in, to see the corpse of the Duke who had Palazzo. Discorrerei fin dal principio le cause di been beheaded. un tale evento, se così vario, ed ambiguo non ne

It must be known, that Ser Giovanni Sanudo, the fosse il grido. Nessuno però lo scusa, tutti affercouncillor, was not present when the aforesaid sen- mano, che egli abbia voluto cangiar qualche cosa tence was pronounced; because he was unwell and nell' ordine della repubblica a lui tramandato dai remained at home. So that only fourteen balloted; maggiori. Che desiderava egli di più? Io son that is to say, five councillors, and nine of the d'avviso, che egli abbia ottenuto ciò, che non si conCouncil of Ten. And it was adjudged, that all the cedette a nessun altro: mentre adempiva gli ufficj lands and chattels of the Duke, as well as of the di legato presso il pontefice, e sulle rive del Rodano other traitors, should be forfeited to the state. And, travata la pace, che io prima di lui avevo indarno as a grace to the Duke, it was resolved in the Coun- tentato di conchiudere, gli fù conferito l' onore del Tornato cil of Ten, that he should be allowed to dispose of Ducato, che nè chideva, nè s' aspettava. two thousand ducats out of his own property. And in patria, pensò a quello, cui nessuno non posc t was resolved, that all the councillors and all the mente giammai, e soffrì quello che a niuno accade Avvogadori of the commonwealth, those of the mai de soffrire: giacche in quel luogo celeberrimo, Council of Ten, and the members of the junta who e chiarissimo, e bellissimo infra tutti quelli, che io had assisted in passing sentence on the Duke and vidi, ove i suoi antenati avevano ricevuti grandisthe other traitors, should have the privilege of car- simi onori in mezzo alle pompe trionfali, ivi egli fu rying arms both by day and by night in Venice, and trascinato in modo servile, e spogliato delle insegne from Grado to Cavazere. And they were also to be ducali, perdette la testa, e macchiò col proprio sanallowed two footinen carrying arms, the aforesaid gue le soglie del tempio, l' atrio del Palazzo, e le footmen living and boarding with them in their own scale marmoree rendute spesse volte illustri o dalle houses. And he who did not keep two footmen solenni festività o dalle ostili spoglie. Ho notato il might transfer the privilege to his sons or his luogo, ora noto il tempo è l'anno del Natale di brothers; but only to two. Permission of carrying Cristo 1355, fù il giorno 18 d'Aprile. Si alto è il arms was also granted to the four Notaries of the grido sparso, che se alcuno esaminerà la disciplina, Chancery, that is to say, of the Supreme Court, who e le costumanze di quella città, e quanto mutamento took the depositions; and they were Amedio, Nico- di cose venga minacciato dalla morte di un sol uomo letto di Lorino, Steffanello, and Pietro de Compos- (quantunque molti altri, come narrano, essendo telli, the secretaries of the Signori di Notte.

complici, o subirono l' istesso supplicio, o lo aspetAfter the traitors had been hanged, and the Duke tano) si accorgerà, che nulla di più grande avvenne had his head cut off, the state remained in great ai nostri tempi nell Italia. Tu forse qui attendi il tranquillity and peace. And, as I have read in a mio giudizio; assolvo il popolo, se credere alla fama, chronicle, the corpse of the Duke was removed in a benchè abbia potuto e castigare più mitamente, e barge, with eight torches, to his tomb in the church con maggior dolcezza vendicare il suo dolore: ma San Giovanni e Paolo, where it was buried. The non così facilmente, si modera un' ira giusta intomb is now in that aisle in the middle of the little sieme, e grande in un numeroso popolo principalchurch of Santa Maria della Pace, which was built mente, nel quale il precipitoso, ed instabile volgo by Bishop Gabriel of Bergamo. It is a coffin of aguzza gli stimoli dell' iracondia con rapidi, e sconstone, with these words engraved thereon: Heic sigliati clamori. Compatisco, e nell' istesso tempo jacet Dominus Marinus Faletro Dux."-And they mi adiro con quell' infelice uomo, il quale adorno di did not paint his portrait in the hall of the Great un' insolito onore, non so che cosa si volesse negli Council:-But in the place where it ought to have estremi anni della sua vita: la calamità di lui divibeen, you see these words:-" Hic est locus Marini ene sempre più grave, perchè dalla sentenza contra Faletro, decapitati pro criminibus"—and it is thought di esso promulgata aperirà, che egli fu non solo that his house was granted to the church of Sant' misero, ma insano, e demente, e che con vane arti Apostolo; it was that great one near the bridge. si usurpò per tanti anni una falsa fama di sapienza. Yet this could not be the case, or else the family Ammonisco i Dogi, i quali gli succederanno, che bought it back from the church; for it still belongs questo è un esempio posto innanzi ai loro occhi, to Ca Faliero. I must not refrain from noting, that quale specchio nel quale veggano di essere non Sigsome wished to write the following words in the nori, ma Duci, anzi nemmeno Duci ma onorati servi place where his portrait ought to have been, as della Repubblica. Tu sta sano: e giacchè fluttuano aforesaid:" Marinus Faletro Dux, temeritas me le publicche cose, sforziamoci di governar modestismele cepit, poenas lui, decapitatus pro criminibus." Others, simamente i privati nostri affari."-LEVATI Viaggi also, indited a couplet, worthy of being inscribed di Petrarca, vol. iv. 323. p. upon his tomb.

"Dux Venetura jàcet heic, patriam qui prodere tentans,
Sceptra, decus, censum, perdidit, atque caput."

The above Italian translation from the Latin epistles of Petrarch, proves

1stly, That Marino Faliero was a personal friend

of Petrarch's: "antica dimestichezza," old inti-devant lui toutes les causes de cette nature.* Cer macy, is the phrase of the poet. Bet eimpietement sur la jurisdiction ecclésiastique 2dly, That Petrarch thought that he had more ayant occasione des réclamations de la part de la courage than conduct, "più di coraggio che di cour de Rome le conseil se réserva le droit de débouter les poux de leur demande; et consentit à la renvoyer devant l'officialité, toutes les foies qu'il ne l'aurait pas rejetée.†

senno."

3rdly, That there was some jealousy on the part of Petrarch; for he says that Marino Faliero was treating of the peace which he himself had "vainly attempted to conclude.”

"Il y eut un moment où sans doute le renversement des fortunes, la perte des jeunes gens, les dis4thly, That the honor of the dukedom was con- cordes domestiques, determinèrent le gouvernement ferred upon him, which he neither sought nor à s'écarter des maximes qu'il s'était faites sur la expected, "che nè chiedeva nes' aspettava," and liberté de mœurs qu'il permettait à ses sujets on which had never been granted to any other in like chassa de Venise toutes les courtisanes. Mais leur circumstances, "ciù che non si concedette a nessun absence ne suffisait pas pour ramener aux bonnes altro;" proof of the high esteem in which he mœurs toute une population élevée dans la plus must have been held." honteuse licence. Le désordre pénétra dans l'inté5thly, That he had a reputation for wisdom, only rieus dec familles, dans les cloitres; et l'on se crut forfeited by the last enterprise of his life, "si surp obligé de rappeler, d'indemniser même des femmes per tanti anni una falsa fama di sapienza."-"He qui surprenaient quelquefois d'importants secrets, hau rped for so many years a false fame of wis- et qu'on pouvait employer utilement à ruiner des dom; rather a difficult task, I should think. hommes que leur fortune aurait pu rendre dangereux. People are generally found out before eighty years Depuis, la licence est toujours allee croissant, et of age, at least in a republic. l'on a vu non seulement des mères trafiquer de la virginité de leurs filles, mais la vendre par un contrat, dont l'authenticité était garantie par la signature d'un officier public, et l'execution mise sous la protection des lois.§

འ་

From these, and the other historical notes which I have collected, it may be inferred that Marino Faliero possessed many of the qualities, but not the success of a hero; and that his passions were too violent. The paltry and ignorant account of Dr. "Les parloirs des couvents où étaint renfermées Moore falls to the ground. Petrarch says, "that there les filles nobles, les maisons des courtisanes, quoihad been no greater event in his times," (our times que la police y entretint soigneusement un grand literally,) "nostri tempi," in Italy. He also differs nombre de surveillans, étaint les seuls points de réfrom the historian in saying that Faliero was "on union de la société de Venise, et dans ces deux the banks of the Rhone," instead of at Rome, when endroits si divers on était également libre. La muelected; the other accounts say, that the deputation sique, les collations, la galanterie, n'étaient pas of the Venetian senate met him at Ravenna. How plus interdites dans les parloirs que dans les casins. this may have been, it is not for me to decide, and Il y avait un grand nombre de casins destinés aux is of no great importance. Had the man succeeded, réunions publiques, où le jeu était la principale oche would have changed the face of Venice, and cupation de la société. C'etait un singulier spectaperhaps of Italy. As it is, what are they both?

IV.

Extrait de l'ouvrage.-Histoire de la République de
Venise, par P. Daru, de l'Académie Francaise,
tom. v. liv. xxxv. p. 95, &c. Edition de Paris,
MDCCCXIX.

"A CES attaques si fréquentes que le gouvernement dirigeait contre le clergé à ces luttes établies entre les differens corps constituées, à ces entreprises de la masse de la noblesse contre les dépositaries du pouvoir, à toutes ces propositions d'innovation qui se terminaient toujours par des coups d'etat; il faut ajouter une autre cause, non moins propre à propager le mépris des anciennes doctrines, c'était l'excès de la corruption.

cle de voir autoir d'une table des personnes des deux sexes en masque, et de graves personnages en robe de magistrature, implorant le hasard, passant des angoisses du désespoir aux illusions de l'espérance, et cela sans proférer une parole.

"Les riches avaient des casins particuliers; mais ils y vivaient avec mystère; leurs femmes délaissés trouvaient un dédommagement dans laliberté dont elles jouissaient; la corruption des mœurs les avait privées de tout leur empire: on vient de parcourir toute l'histoire de Venise, et on ne les a pas vues une seule fois exercer la moindre influence."

V.

Extract from the History of the Republic of Venice, by P. Daru, Member of the French Academy, vol. v. b. xxxv. p. 95, &c. Paris Edit. 1819.

"Cette liberté de mœurs, qu'on avait long-temps vantée comme le charme principal de la société de "To these attacks, so frequently pointed by the Venise, était devenue un désordre scandaleux; le government against the clergy, to the continual lien du mariage était moins sacré dans ce pays ca- struggles between the different constituted bodies, tholique que dans ceux où les lois civiles et religi--to these enterprises carried on by the mass of the euses permettent de le dissoudre. Faute de pouvoir nobles against the depositaries of power,-to all rompre le contrat, on supposait qu'il n'avait jamais those projects of innovation, which always ended existé, et les moyens de nullité, allégués avec impu- by a stroke of state policy; we must add a cause deur par les époux, étaient admis avec la mêne fa- not less fitted to spread contempt for ancient doccilité par des magistrats et par des prêtres égale- trines; this was the excess of corruption. ment corrompus. Ces divorces colorés d'un autre nom devinrent si fréquents, que l'acte le plus important de la société civile se trouva de la compétence d'un tribunal d'exception, et que ce fut à la police de réprimer le scandale. Le conseil des dix ordonna, en 1782, que toute femme qui intenterait une demande en disssolution de mariage serait obligée d'en attendre le jugement dans un couvent que d'où vient la dénomination injurieuse de Carampane. le tribunal désignerait.* Bientòt après il évoqua

*Correspondence de M. Schlick chargé d'affaires de France, depêche du 24 Août, 1782.

"That freedom of manners which had been long boasted of as the principal charm of Venetian society, had degenerated into scandalous licentiousness:

Ibid. Dépêche du 31 Août.

† Ibid. Dépêche du 3 Septembre, 1785.

Le décret de rappel les désignait sous le nom de nostre benemerite meretrici. On leur assigna un fonds et des maisons appelées Case rampane

Mayer, Description de Venise, tom. ii. et M. Archenholtz, Tableau de l'Italie, tom. i. chap. 2.