We consistent adaptation of minute incidents to a long and elaborate falsehood | We must, however, observe that "demonstration" a task of the most arduous and complicated nature." is a strong term.-In his description of the Lenca

After this long extract, by which we have endeav-dian Promontory (of which we have a pleasing ored to do justice to Mr. Gell's argument, we can- representation in the plate), the author remarks not allow room for any farther quotations of such that it is "celebrated for the leap of Sappho, and extent; and we must offer a brief and imperfect the death of Artemisia." From this variety in the analysis of the remainder of the work.

In the third chapter, the traveller arrives at the capital, and in the fourth, he describes it in an agreeable manner. We select his account of the mode of celebrating a Christian festival in the Greek church:

"We were present at the celebration of the feast of the Ascension, when

the citizens appeared in their gayest dresses, and saluted each other in the

streets with demonstrations of pleasure. As we sate at breakfast in the house of Zignor Zavo, we were suddenly roused by the discharge of a gun, succeeded by a tremendous crash of pottery, which fell on the tiles, steps, and pavements, in every direction. The bells of the numerous churches commenced a most discordant jingle; colors were hoisted on every mast in the port, and a general shout of joy announced some great event. Our host informed us that the feast of the Ascension was annually commemorated in this manner at Bathi, the populace exclaiming avɛsn o Xpisos, aλr Divos O Dεns, Christ is risen, the true God."

expression, a reader would hardly conceive that both the ladies perished in the same manner: in fact, the sentence is as proper as it would be to talk of the decapitation of Russell, and the death of Sidney. The view from this promontory includes the island of Corfu; and the name suggests to Mr. Gell the following note, which, though rather irrelevant, is of a curious nature, and we therefore conclude our citations by transcribing it :

those of Alcinous. It is perhaps worthy of remark, that Neptune sate on the

"It has been generally supposed that Corfu, or Corcyra, was the Phæacia of Homer; but Sir Henry Englefield thinks the position of that island inconsistent with the voyage of Ulysses as described in the Odyss y. That gentlenian has also observed a number of such remarkable coincidences between the courts of Alcinous and Solomon, that they may be thought curious and interesting. Homer was familiar with the names of Tyre, Sidon, and Egypt; and, as he lived about the time of Solomon, it would not have been extraordinary if he had introduced some account of the magnificence of that prince into his poem. As Solomon was famous for wisdom, so ths name of Alcinous signifies strength of In another passage, he continues this account as knowledge; as the gardens of Solomon were celebrate, so are those of Alfollows:-"In the evening of the festival, the in-cinous (Od. 7. 112); as the kingdom of Solomon was distinguished by twelve habitants danced before their houses; and at one tribes under twelve princes (1 Kings, ch. 4), so that of Alsinous (Od. 8. 300) we saw the figure which is said to have been first was ruled by an equal number; as the throne of Solomon was supported by used by the youths and virgins of Delos, at the lions of gold (1 Kings, ch. 10), so that of Alcinous was placed on dogs of happy return of Theseus from the expedition of the silver and gold (Od. 7. 91); as the fleets of Solomon were famous, so were Cretan Labyrinth. It has now lost much of that mountains of the Solymi, as he returned from Ethiopia to g, while he intricacy which was supposed to allude to the wind-raised the tempest which threw Ulysses on the coast of Phracia; and that ings of the habitation of the Minotaur," &c., &c. the Solymi of Pamphilia are very considerably distant from the route.--The This is rather too much for even the inflexible suspicious character, also, which Nausicaa attributes to her countryman gravity of our censorial muscles. When the author agrees precisely with that which the Greeks and Romans gave of the Jews." talks, with all the reality (if we may use the expression) of a Lempriere, on the stories of the Monastery of Kathara, and several adjacent places. The seventh chapter contains a description of the fabulous ages, we cannot refrain from indulging a The eighth, among other curiosities, fixes on an momentary smile; nor can we seriously accompany imaginary site for the farm of Laertes: but this is him in the learned architectural detail by which he the agony of conjecture, indeed!—and the ninth endeavors to give us, from the Odyssey, the ground-chapter mentions another Monastery, and a rock plot of the house of Ulysses, of which he actually still called the school of Homer. Some sepulchral offers a plan in drawing! showing how the de-inscriptions of a very simple nature are included.scription of the house of Ulysses in the Odyssey The tenth and last chapter brings us round to the may be supposed to correspond with the foundations Port of Schoenus, near Bathi; after we have comyet visible on the hill of Aito! - Oh, Foote! Foote! why are you lost to such inviting subjects pleted, seemingly in a very minute and accurate for your ludicrous pencil! In his account of this celebrated mansion, Mr. Gell says, one side of the court seems to have been occupied by the Thalamos, or sleeping apartments of the men, &c., &c.; and, in confirmation of this hypothesis, he refers to the 10th Odyssey, line three hundred and forty. On examining his reference, we read,

manner, the tour of the island.

volume to every lover of classical scene and story. We can certainly recommend a perusal of this If we may indulge the pleasing belief that Ilomer sang of a real kingdom, and that Ulysses governed it, though we discern many feeble links in Mr. Gell's chain of evidence, we are on the whole induced to fancy that it is the Ithaca of the bard and of the Ες θαλαμον· τ' ιεναι, και σης ἐπιβημεναι ἐυνῆς. monarch. At all events, Mr. Gell has enabled every future traveller to form a clearer judgment on the where Ulysses records an invitation which he re-question than he could have established without ceived from Circe to take a part of her bed. How such a "Vade-mecum to Ithaca," or a "Have with this illustrates the above conjecture, we are at a loss you, to the House of Ulysses," as the present. to divine: but we suppose that some numerical With Homer in his pocket, and Gell on his sumptererror has occurred in the reference, as we have de- horse or mule, the Odyssean tourist may now make tected a trifling mistake or two of the same nature. a very classical and delightful excursion; and we Mr. G. labors hard to identify the cave of Dexia, doubt not the advantages accruing to the Ithacennear Bathi (the capital of the island), with the ces, from the increased number of travellers who grotto of the Nymphs described in the 13th Odys- will visit them in consequence of Mr. Gell's account sey. We are disposed to grant that he has suc- of their country, will induce them to confer on that ceeded but we cannot here enter into the proofs gentleman any heraldic honors which they may have by which he supports his opinion; and we can only to bestow, should he ever look in upon them again extract one of the concluding sentences of the -Baron Baths would be a pretty title:chapter, which appears to us candid and judicious:

"Hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atrida.”—Virgil.

"Whatever opinion may be formed as to the identity of the cave of Dexia For qurselves, we confess that all our old Grecian

with the grotto of the Nymphs, it is fair to state, that Strabo positively asserts

that no such cave as that described by Homer existed in his time, and that feelings would be alive on approaching the fountain geographer thought it better to assign a physical change, rather than of Melain udros, where, as the tradition runs, or as ignorance in Ilomer, to account for a difference which he imagined to exist the priests relate, Homer was restored to sight. between the Ithaca of his time and that of the poet. But Strabo, who was We now come to the "Grecian Patterson," or an uncommonly accurate observer with respect to countries surveyd by him-Cary," which Mr. Gell has begun to publish; and self, appears to have been wretchedly misled by his informers on many really he has carried the epic rule of concealing the “That Strabo had never visited this country is evident, not only from his person of the author to as great a length as either of the above-mentioned heroes of itinerary writ. whose relations are in direct opposition to each other on the subject of Ithaca, We hear nothing of his "hair-breadth 'scapes" by sea or land; and we do not even know, for the

Dccasions.

Inaccurate account of it, but from his citation of Appollodorus and Scepsius,

as will be demonstrated on a future opportunity."

greater part of his journey through Argolis, whether respect; and the prospect of Larissa, &c., is barely ne relates what he has seen or what he has heard. equal to the former. The view from this last place From other parts of the book, we find the former is also indifferent; and we are positively assured to be the case; but, though there have been tour-that there are no windows at Nauplia which look ists and "strangers" in other countries, who have like a box of dominos,-the idea suggested by Mr. kindly permitted their readers to learn rather too Gell's plate. We must not, however, be too severe much of their sweet selves, yet it is possible to carry on these picturesque bagatelles, which, probably, delicacy, or cautious silence, or whatever it may be were very hasty sketches; and the circumstances of called, to the contrary extreme. We think that weather, &c., may have occasioned some difference Mr. Gell has fallen into this error, so opposite to in the appearance of the same objects to different that of his numerous brethren. It is offensive, in-spectators. We shall therefore return to Mr. Gell's deed, to be told what a man has eaten for dinner, or preface; endeavoring to set him right in his direchow pathetic he was on certain occasions; but we tions to travellers, where we think that he is errolike to know that there is a being yet living who neous, and adding what appears to have been omitdescribes the scenes to which he introduces us; and ted. In his first sentence, he makes an assertion that it is not a mere translation from Strabo or Pau-which is by no means correct. He says, "We are sanias which we are reading, or a commentary on at present as ignorant of Greece, as of the interior those authors. This reflection leads us to the con- of Africa." Surely not quite so ignorant; or several cluding remark in Mr. Gell's preface (by much the of our Grecian Mungo Parks have travelled in vain, most interesting part of his book) to his Itinerary of Greece, in which he thus expresses himself:

“The confusion of the modern with the ancient names of places in this volume is absolutely unavoidable; they are, however, mentioned in such a

and some very sumptuous works have been published to no purpose! As we proceed, we find the author observing that "Athens is now the most polished city of Greece," when we believe it to be the most barbarous, even to a proverb

'Ω 'Αθηνα, πρώτη χώρα,
Τι γαιδάρες τρέφεις τωρα,

manner, that the reader wil soon be accustomed to the indiscriminate use of them. The necessity of applying the ancient appellations to the different routes, will be evident from the total ignorance of the public on the subject of the modern munes, which, having never appeared in print, are only known to the fow individuals who have visited the country. "What could appear less intelligible to the reader, or less useful to the is a couplet of reproach now applied to this once traveller, than a route from Chione and Zaracca to Kutchukmadi, from famous city; whose inhabitants seem little worthy thence to Krabuta to Scocnochorio, and by the mills of Feali, while every of the inspiring call which was addressed to them one is in some degree acquainted with the names of Stymphalus, Nemea within these twenty years, by the celebrated Riga:Mycenae, Lyrceia, Lerna, and Tegea ? "

Although this may be very true inasmuch as it

Δεντε παίδες των Ελληνον-κ. τ. λ.

relates to the reader, yet to the traveller we must Iannina, the capital of Epirus, and the seat of Ali observe, in opposition to Mr. Gell, that nothing can Pacha's government, is in truth deserving of the be less useful than the designation of his route honors which Mr. Gell has improperly bestowed on according to the ancient names. We might as well, degraded Athens. As to the correctness of the and with as much chance of arriving at the place of remark concerning the fashion of wearing the hair our destination, talk to a Hounslow postboy about cropped in Molossia, as Mr. Gell informs us, our making haste to Augusta, as apply to our Turkish authorities cannot depose: but why will he use the guide in modern Greece for a direction to Stympha- classical term of Eleuthero-Lacones, when that lus, Nemea, Mycenae, &c., &c. This is neither people are so much better known by their modern more nor less than classical affectation; and it ren-name of Mainotes? "The court of the Pacha of ders Mr. Gell's book of much more confined use Tripolizza" is said "to realise the splendid visions than it would otherwise have been :-but we have of the Arabian Nights." This is true with regard some other and more important remarks to make to the court: but surely the traveller ought to have on his general directions to Grecian tourists; and added that the city and palace are most miserable, we beg leave to assure our readers that they are de- and form an extraordinary contrast to the splendor rived from travellers who have lately visited Greece. of the court.-Mr. Gell mentions gold mines in In the first place, Mr. Gell is absolutely incautious Greece; he should have specified their situation, enough to recommend an interference on the part of as it certainly is not universally known. When, English travellers with the Minister at the Porte, also, he remarks that "the first article of necessity in behalf of the Greeks. "The folly of such neglect in Greece is a firman, or order from the Sultan, (page 16, preface), in many instances, where the permitting the traveller to pass unmolested," we are emancipation of a district might often be obtained much misinformed if he be right. On the contrary, by the present of a snuff-box or a watch, at Con- we believe this to be almost the only part of the stantinople, and without the smallest danger of ex- Turkish dominions in which a firman is not necesciting the jealousy of such a court as that of Turkey, sary; since the passport of the Pacha is absolute will be acknowledged when we are no longer able to within his territory (according to Mr. G.'s own rectify the error." We have every reason to believe, admission), and much more effectual than a firman. on the contrary, that the folly of half a dozen travel-" Money," he remarks, "is easily procured at Salers taking this advice, might bring us into a war. lonica, or Patras, where the English have consuls.” "Never interfere with any thing of the kind," is a It is much better procured, we understand, from the much sounder and more political suggestion to all Turkish governors, who never charge discount. English travellers in Greece. The consuls for the English are not of the most

Mr. Gell apologises for the introduction of "his magnanimous order of Greeks, and far from being panoramic designs," as he calls them, on the score so liberal, generally speaking; although there are, of the great difficulty of giving any tolerable idea in course, some exceptions, and Strune of Patras of the face of a country in writing, and the ease has been more honorably mentioned.-After having with which a very accurate knowledge of it may be observed that "horses seem the best mode of conacquired by maps and panoramic designs. We are veyance in Greece," Mr. Gell proceeds: "Some informed that this is not the case with many of these travellers would prefer an English saddle; but a designs. The small scale of the single map we saddle of this sort is always objected to by the owner have already censured; and we have hinted that of the horse, and not without reason," &c. This, some of the drawings are not remarkable for correct we learn, is far from being the case; and, indeed, resemblance of their originals. The two nearer for a very simple reason, an English saddle must views of the Gate of the Lions at Mycena are indeed seem to be preferable to one of the country, because good likenesses of their subject, and the first of

them is unusually well executed; but the general We write these lines from the recitation of the travellers to whom we view of Mycenae is not more than tolerable in any 'have alluded; but we cannot vouch for the correctness of the Romaic,

t is much lighter. When, too, Mr. Gell calls the since it is a work "which gives him a faithful de postilion "Menzilgi," he mistakes him for his bet-scription of the remains of cities, the very existence ters: Serrugees are postilions; Menzilgis are post- of which was doubtful, as they perished before the masters-Our traveller was fortunate in his Turks, era of authentic history." The subjoined quotation who are hired to walk by the side of the baggage- is a good specimen of the author's minuteness of horses. They "are certain," he says, of perform-research as a topographer; and we trust that the ing their engagement without grumbling." We credit which must accrue to him from the present apprehend that this is by no means certain:-but performance will ensure the completion of his ItinMr. Gell is perfectly right in preferring a Turk to a erary :Greek for this purpose; and in his general recommendation to take a Janissary on the tour: who,

"The inaccuracies of the maps Anacharsis are in many respects very

territories of Sicyon, Argos, Cleona, and Stymphalus. Mr. Hawkins

we may add, should be suffered to act as he pleases, glaring. The situation of Phlius is marked by Strabo as surrounded by the since nothing is to be done by gentle means, or even observed, that Phlius, the ruins of which still exist near Agios Giorgios, lies by offers of money, at the places of accommodation. in a direct line between Cleone and Stymphalus, and another from Sicyon A courier, to be sent on before to the place at which to Argos; so that Strabo was correct in saying that it lay between those four the traveller intends to sleep, is indispensable to towns; yet we see Phlius, in the map of Argolis by M. Barbie du Bocage, comfort but no tourist should be misled by the placed ten miles to the north of Stymphalus, contradicting both history and author's advice to suffer the Greeks to gratify their fact. D'Anville is guilty of the same error.

"M. du Bocage places a town named Phlius, and by him Phlionte, on

curiosity, in permitting them to remain for some the point of land which forms the port of Drepano: there are not at present time about him on his arrival at an inn. They any ruins there. The maps of D'Anville are generally more correct than should be removed as soon as possible; for, as to any others where ancient geography is concerned. A mistake occurs on the the remark that "no stranger would think of in-subject of Tiryns, and a place named by him Vathia, but of which nothing truding when a room is preoccupied," our inform-can be understood. It is possible that Vathi, or the profound valley, may be ants were not so well convinced of that fact. a name sometimes used for the valley of Barbitsa, and that the place named

"The city of Tiryns is also placed in two different positions, once by its

"In general, the map of D'Anville will be found more accurate than

Though we have made the above exceptions to by D'Anville Claustra may be the outlet of that valley called Kleisoura the accuracy of Mr. Gell's information, we are most which has a corresponding signification. ready to do justice to the general utility of his Greek name, and again as Tirynthus. The mistake between the islands o directions, and can certainly concede the praise Sphæria and Calaura has been noticed in page 135. The Pontinus, which which he is desirous of obtaining,-namely, "of D'Anville represents as a river, and the Erasinus are equally ill placed in his having facilitated the researches of future travel-map. There was a place called Creopolis, somewhere toward Cynouria; lers, by affording that local information which it was but its situation is not easily fixed. The ports called Bucephalium and before impossible to obtain." This book, indeed, is Piræus seem to have been nothing more than little bays in the country absolutely necessary to any person who wishes to between Corinth and Epidaurus. The town called Athenæ, in Cynouria, by explore the Morea advantageously; and we hope Pausanias, is called Authena by Thucydides, book 5. 41. that Mr. Gell will continue his Itinerary over that those which have been published since his time; indeed the mistakes of that and every other part of Greece. He allows that his geographer are in general such as could not be avoided without visiting the volume is only calculated to become a book of country. Two errors of D'Anville may be mentioned, lest the opportunity reference, and not of general entertainment: but of publishing the itinerary of Arcadia should never occur. The first is, that we do not see any reason against the compatibility the rivers Maletas and Mylaon, near Methydrium, are represented as runof both objects in a survey of the most celebrated ning toward the south, whereas they flow northwards to the Ladon; and country of the ancient world. To that country, we represented as flowing from the lake of Pheneos; a mistake which arisen the second is, that the Aroanius, which falls into the Erymanthus at Psophis, trust, the attention, not only of our travellers, but from the ignorance of the ancients themselves who have written on the of our legislators, will hereafter be directed. The subject. The fact is that the Ladon receives the waters of the lakes of greatest caution will, indeed, be required, as we Orchomenos and Pheneos; but the Aroanius rises at a spot not two hours have premised, in touching on so delicate a subject distant from Psophis." as the amelioration of the possessions of an ally: but the field for the exercise of political sagacity is In furtherance of our principal object in this criwide and inviting in this portion of the globe; and tique, we have only to add a wish that some of our Mr. Gell, and all other writers who interest us, Grecian tourists, among the fresh articles of inforhowever remotely, in its extraordinary capabilities, mation concerning Greece which they have lately deserve well of the British empire. We shall con- imported, would turn their minds to the language clude by an extract from the author's work, which, of the country. So strikingly similar to the ancient even if it fails of exciting that general interest Greek is the modern Romaic as a written language, which we hope most earnestly it may attract, to- and so dissimilar in sound, that even a few general wards its important subject, cannot, as he justly rules concerning pronunciation would be of most observes, "be entirely uninteresting to the scholar;"lextensive use.

THE FIRST CHAPTER OF A NOVEL,

CONTEMPLATED BY LORD BYRON IN THE SPRING OF 1812;

[AFTERWARDS PUBLISHED IN ONE OF MR. DALLAS'S NOVELS.]

DARRELL TO G. Y.

J.

180---.

owner.

** So much for your present pursuits. I in our senates. The whole present system, with will now resume the subject of my last. How I regard to that sex, is a remnant of the chivalrous wish you were upon the spot; your taste for the barbarism of our ancestors; I look upon them as ridiculous would be fully gratified; and if you felt grown-up children, but, like a foolish mamma, am inclined for more serious amusement, there is no always the slave of some only one. With a con"lack of argument." Within this last week our tempt for the race, I am ever attached to the indiguests have been doubled in number, some of them vidual, in spite of myself. You know that, though my old acquaintance. Our host you already know not rude, I am inattentive; any thing but a "beau -absurd as ever, but rather duller, and I should garçon." I would not hand a woman out of her conceive, troublesome to such of his very good carriage, but I would leap into a river after her. friends as find his house more agreeable than its However, I grant you that, as they must walk I confine myself to observation, and do oftener out of chariots than into the Thames, you not find him at all in the way, though Veramore gentlemen servitors, Cortejos and Cicisbei, have a and Asply are of a different opinion. The former, better chance of being agreeable and useful; you in particular, imparts to me many pathetic com- might, very probably, do both; but as you can't plaints of the want of opportunities (nothing else swim, and I can, I recommend you to invite me to being wanting to the success of the said Veramore) your first water-party. created by the fractious and but ill-concealed jeal- Bramblebear's Lady Penelope puzzles me. She ousy of poor Bramblebear, whose Penelope seems is very beautiful, but not one of my beauties. You to have as many suitors as her namesake, and for know I admire a different complexion, but the figaught I can see to the contrary, with as much pro- ure is perfect. She is accomplished, if her mother spect of carrying their point. In the mean time, I and music-master may be believed; amiable, if a look on and laugh, or rather I should laugh were soft voice and a sweet smile could make her so; you present to share in it; sackcloth and sorrow (young, even by the register of her baptism; pious are excellent wear for soliloquy; but for a laugh and chaste, and doting on her husband, according to there should be two, but not many more, except at Bramblebear's observation; equally loving, not of the first night of a modern tragedy.

her husband, though rather less pious, and t'other You are very much mistaken in the design you thing, according to Veramore's; and if mine hath impute to myself; I have none here or elsewhere. any discernment, she detests the one, despises the I am sick of old intrigues, and too indolent to en- other, and loves-herself. That she dislikes Bramgage in new ones. Besides, I am, that is, I used blebear is evident; poor soul, I can't blame her; to be, apt to find my heart gone at the very time she has found him out to be mighty weak and littlewhen you fastidious gentlemen begin to recover tempered; she has also discovered that she married yours. I agree with you that the world, as well as too early to know what she liked, and that there are yourself, are of a different opinion. I shall never many likeable people who would have been less be at the trouble to undeceive either; my follies discordant and more creditable partners. Still, she have seldom been of my own seeking. "Rebellion conducts herself well, and in point of good humor, came in my way, and I found it.' This may appear to admiration. A good deal of religion, (not enthu as coxcombical a speech as Veramore could make, siasm, for that leads the contrary way,) a prying yet you partly know its truth. You talk to me too husband who never leaves her, and, as I think, a of " my character," and yet it is one which you and very temperate pulse, will keep her out of scrapes. fifty others have been struggling these seven years I am glad of it, first, because, though Bramblebear to obtain for yourselves. I wish you had it, you is bad, I don't think Veramore much better; and would make so much better, that is, worse use of it; next, because Bramblebear is ridiculous enough relieve me, and gratify an ambition which is un- already, and it would be thrown away upon him to worthy of a man of sense. It has always appeared make him more so; thirdly, it would be a pity, beto me extraordinary that you should value women cause nobody would pity him; and, fourthly, (as so highly, and yet love them so little. The height Scrub says,) he would then become a melancholy nf your gratification ceases with its accomplishment; and sentimental harlequin, instead of a merry, fretyou bow, and you sigh, and you worship,—and ful pantaloon, and I like the pantomime better as it abandon. For my part I regard them as a very is now cast. More in my next. beautiful, but inferior animal. I think them as Yours, truly, much out of place at our tables as they would be

DARRELL.

PARLIAMENTARY SPEECHES.

DEBATE ON THE FRAME-WORK BILL, IN THE HOUSE These machines were to them an advantage, inasOF LORDS, FEBRUARY 27, 1812.

much as they superseded the necessity of employing a number of workmen, who were left in consequence

THE order of the day for the second reading of to starve. By the adoption of one species of frame this bill being read,

LORD BYRON rose, and (for the first time) addressed their lordships, as follows:

in particular, one man performed the work of many, and the superfluous laborers were thrown out of employment. Yet it is to be observed, that the work thus executed was inferior in quality; not MY LORDS-The subject now submitted to your marketable at home, and merely hurried over with lordships for the first time, though new to the a view to exportation. It was called, in the cant of House, is by no means new to the country. I the trade, by the name of "Spider work." The believe it had occupied the serious thoughts of all rejected workmen, in the blindness of their ignodescriptions of persons, long before its introduction rance, instead of rejoicing at these improvements to the notice of that legislature, whose interference in arts so beneficial to mankind, conceived themalone could be of real service. As a person in some selves to be sacrificed to improvements in mechandegree connected with the suffering county, though ism. In the foolishness of their hearts they ima stranger not only to this House in general, but to agined, that the maintenance and well-doing of the almost every individual whose attention I presume industrious poor were objects of greater consequence to solicit, I must claim some portion of your lord- than the enrichment of a few individuals by any ships' indulgence whilst I offer a few observations improvement, in the implements of trade, which on a question in which I confess myself deeply in- threw the workmen out of employment, and rendered the laborer unworthy of his hire. And it To enter into any detail of the riots would be must be confessed that although the adoption of superfluous: the House is already aware that every the enlarged machinery, in that state of our comoutrage short of actual bloodshed has been perpe- merce which the country once boasted, might have trated, and that the proprietors of the frames ob- been beneficial to the master without being detrinoxious to the rioters, and all persons supposed to mental to the servant; yet, in the present situation be connected with them, have been liable to insult of our manufactures, rotting in warehouses, withand violence. During the short time I recently out a prospect of exportation, with the demand for passed in Nottinghamshire, not twelve hours elapsed work and workmen equally diminished, frames of without some fresh act of violence; and on the day this description tend materially to aggravate the I left the county, I was informed that forty frames distress and discontent of the disappointed sufferhad been broken the preceding evening, as usual, ers. But the real cause of these distresses and conwithout resistence and without detection. sequent disturbances lies deeper. When we are

terested.

Such was then the state of that county, and such told that these men are leagued together not only I have reason to believe it to be at this moment. for the destruction of their own comfort, but of their But whilst these outrages must be admitted to exist very means of subsistence, can we forget that it is to an alarming extent, it cannot be denied that they the bitter policy, the destructive warfare of the last have arisen from circumstances of the most unpar-eighteen years, which has destroyed their comfort, alleled distress. The perseverance of these misera- your comfort, all men's comfort? That policy which, ble men in their proceedings, tends to prove that originating with "great statesmen now no more," has nothing but absolute want could have driven a survived the dead to become a curse on the living, large, and once honest and industrious, body of the unto the third and fourth generation! These men people, into the commission of excesses so hazard- never destroyed their looms till they were become ous to themselves, their families, and the commu- useless, worse than useless; till they were become nity. At the time to which I allude, the town and actual impediments to their exertions in obtaining county were burdened with large detachments of their daily bread. Can you, then, wonder that in the military; the police was in motion, the magis- times like these, when bankruptcy, convicted fraud, trates assembled; yet all the movements, civil and and imputed felony are found in a station not far military, had led to-nothing. Not a single in- beneath that of your lordships, the lowest, though stance had occurred of the apprehension of any real once most useful portion of the people, should fordelinquent actually taken in the fact, against whom get their duty in their distresses, and become only there existed legal evidence sufficient for conviction. less guilty than one of their representatives? But But the police, however useless, were by no means while the exalted offender can find means to baffle idle: several notorious delinquents had been de- the law, new capital punishments must be devised, tected; men, liable to conviction, on the clearest new snares of death must be spread for the wretched evidence, of the capital crime of poverty; men who mechanic, who is famished into guilt. These men had been nefariously guilty of lawfully begetting were willing to dig, but the spade was in other several children, whom, thanks to the times! they hands: they were not ashamed to beg, but there were unable to maintain. Considerable injury had was none to relieve them: their own means of sub been done to the proprietors of the improved frames. [sistence were cut off, all other employments pre