wider afield than those indicated under No. 3. I am sorry I cannot help G. P. in his three other heads of inquiry. J. W. B.

At 3rd S. iv. 528 appeared the following:"Anthony Parker, B.A.Oxon, was elected a fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, Dec. 15, 1606, and commenced M.A. in the latter University, 1608. He resigned his fellowship in 1618, and was buried at St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London, Feb. 21, 1621/2. It is probable that he was of the family of Parkers, of Brownsholm, though he does not appear in the pedigree."

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

NORMAN INSCRIPTIONS IN YORKSHIRE (10th S. iii. 349, 397, 476).-I can only guess at the sense of the motto, "Dieu temple y aide et garde du royne.' It perhaps means "May God's temple give its aid thereto, and protect the kingdom." Royne is a known variant of regne, which is L. regnum. It is masculine in French, because it is neuter in Latin.

There is not the slightest difficulty about alme. It is the usual O.F. form, substituted for the still older anme, used by Philip de Thaun. The Lat. anima became O.F. anme, then alme, and then ame. It is obviously a normal development, because nm was not a happy combination. WALTER W. SKEAT.

As regards the intrusive in alme, Littré says, "L'ancien mot était anme, et par suite alme et même arme." For the same reason our ancestors inserted a p in dampnum and solempne-easier pronunciation.

SHERBORNE.

Marisco, early in the reign of Henry II. His island stronghold was declared forfeit and given to the Knights Templars, who were unable to get possession. The Mariscos led a piratical life there until 1242, when William de Marisco was surprised with his accomplices and hanged in London, an attempt, at his instigation, having been made on the life of Henry III. at Woodstock in 1238. Lundy was a favourite sheltering place for the pirates who haunted the bay in the reign of James I. In 1633 a Spanish man-of-war rifled the houses and carried off all the provisions. A Frenchman named Pronoville fixed himself there, a lawless and desperate pirate, in 1634.

In 1748 a certain Thomas Benson, a wealthy merchant and M.P. for Barnstaple, obtained lease of Lundy from Lord Gower. Having contracted with Government to transport convicts to Virginia or Maryland, he took them to Lundy, where he set them to build and dig. Benson was a smuggler and a "pirate"; he was at last obliged to take flight, having defrauded the insurance offices by lading a vessel with pewter, linen, and salt, heavily insuring it, landing the cargo on Lundy, and then, having put to sea, burning and scuttling the ship. The island was then sold to Sir J. B. Warren. The above, with a good deal more about the island, appears to come from a History of Lundy,' by J. R. Chanter.

Among the "sights" of Lundy are Marisco Castle, Benson's Cave, and the Shutter Rock, on which, in Charles Kingsley's Westward Ho!' the Sta. Catherina struck. According to the 'Dictionary of National Biography William de Maresco was outlawed for killing one Henry Clement, after which he took refuge in Lundy,

I have found the name Marisco spelt "Morisco," e.g., in Stephen Whatley's 'England's Gazetteer,' 1751. The name, apart from the stories of pirates sheltering in Lundy in the time of James I., and of threeTurkish pirates taking the island, &c., in 1625, pirates living in Lundy. might account for the legend about Algerine

ROBERT PIERPOINT.

My late friend Mr. J. R. Chanter, of Barnstaple, read a paper on this subject at a meeting of the Devonshire Association held at Bideford in August, 1871. It was printed in their Transactions, vol. iv. pp. 553which the following is extracted :611, and in an enlarged form in 1877, from

reports to the Council that three Turkish pirates. "On August 18th, 1625, the Mayor of Bristol had surprised and taken the Island of Lundy with

the inhabitants, and had threatened to burn Ilfracombe. This appears to have been denied by Capt. Harris, Commander of H.M.S. Phoenix, stationed in King's Road, and in consequence the Government ordered an enquiry by the Vice-Admiral, James Perrott, who took the depositions of divers merchant captains, and sent them to the Earl of Pembroke. Among them is a curious one from Nicholas Cullen, That the Turks had taken out of a church in Cornwall about sixty men, and carried them away prisoners. They continued in Lundy a fortnight. He saw the Turkish ship lying at Lundy."" Pp. 78-9. T. N. BRUSHFIELD, M.D.

Salterton, Devon. That Lundy was, in the seventeenth century, the rendezvous of Algerine pirates who ravaged the western coasts of England appears to be a fact. In the Rev. J. R. Chanter's monograph 'Lundy Island' (Cassell) it is stated that

"in the early part of the reign of James I. continued complaints were made by shipowners and local authorities to Government of the piracies in the Bristol Channel, and in 1608 a commission......took

the depositions of three persons to the effect that the merchants were daily robbed at sea by pirates who took refuge at Lundy."

In 1610 a commission was issued authorizing the town of Barnstaple to send out ships for taking pirates.

Mr. Chanter also tells of piratical incursions, with Lundy for their headquarters, by the ships of French, Spaniards, and others, not excepting Englishmen, at frequent intervals throughout the first half of the seventeenth century. I may add that the volume I have referred to appears to tell all that is to be told of the island.

Teignmouth.

FRED. C. FROST, F.S.I.

The Algerine pirates in 1635 were "accustomed" to use Lundy as a "harbour and shelter," and often "commit spoil" there (see Travels of Sir Wm. Brereton,' the first volume published by the Chetham Society). This worthy Cestrian was on board the king's ship which convoyed the fleet bound from Waterford to Bristol Fair, to guard it from these pirates. At Lundy the king's ship shortened sail until the fleet was safely passed, and looked for the enemy, but met them not. HANDFORD.

There is no evidence or reason to believe that this island was for any length of time the abode of Algerine pirates in the seventeenth century; but they resorted to it occasionally for water or shelter while cruising in the neighbourhood during their piratical expeditions. This portion of the Bristol Channel was such a happy hunting-ground for pirates and privateers in the seventeenth

century that it received the appellation of "The Golden Bay." In the Receivers' Accounts, among the Barnstaple records, are numerous entries referring to the granting of letters of marque to merchants of the port and to the bringing in of captured pirate vessels; while the parish registers throughout North Devon, more than those of most other parts of the kingdom, have entries of collections made in churches to redeem captives from the Turks, as the Algerine and Tunisian sea-robbers were called. THOS. WAINWRIGHT.

VULGATE (10th S. iii. 248, 435).-I possess a compact and useful octavo edition of the Vulgate, published by J. Leroux & Jouby, of Paris, in 1855. It may perhaps be well to mention that the eighth edition of an excellent Concordance to the Vulgate,' by F. P. Dutripon, was issued in quarto by Bloud & Barral, of Paris, in 1880. ASTARTE.

If a cheap edition of the "authorized" text of the Vulgate is required, probably the most handy and accurate is that which Bible.' I do not know whether it is still in was issued as a volume of Bagster's 'Polyglot print. Criticism has perhaps hardly gone print. Criticism has perhaps hardly gone far enough to justify the production of a cheap critical edition as yet, even if (by strange chance) there were enough demand to pay the venture. Q. V.

DR. CHAMBERLEN (10th S. iii. 428).-The family of Chamberlen, famous for its physicians and accoucheurs, is, I believe, extinct in the male line. In the female line it is represented as follows: Peter Chamberlen, M.D., Emanuel Coll., Cam., b. 1601, married Jane, daughter of Sir Hugh Myddleton, of Gwawenog, Denbighshire, Bart. Their daughter Elizabeth married Lieut. Col. William Walker, of Tankardstown, King's Co. There were born of this marriage Admiral

Sir Hovenden Walker, K.C.B.; Sir Chamberlen Walker, M.D., "the famous man midwife," d. 1730; and John Walker, of Gurteen, King's Co. The last named married Anne Digby Foulke; from them descend, in the sixth generation, Singleton Maynard Walker and Chamberlen Richard Walker, of Dublin; the Very Rev. James Carmichael, D.D., Coadjutor Bishop of Montreal; and the Rev. Canon Carmichael, Chaplain of the Magdalen, Dublin. LL.D.

lar book in the village library. In no other army or country, and certainly not in England or America, Russian quarters establish, however, the entire is such a thing conceivable. Inquiries in the highest probability of the story. Concerning the book generally we can only say that it is the work of a singularly acute observer and reflective and unprejudiced thinker, and of a man endowed with a vigorous and cultivated style. Possessing among other acquirements of his diplomatic and literary career a knowledge of Russian language and literature as well as of those of other European countries and animated by the very spirit of adventure, Mr. Baring was exactly the man for the task he undertook. Except in the or two individuals with strong case of one with whom he was compulsorily thrown, he conviews and interests, into temporary association manded general sympathy and esteem, and whatever was to be learnt was at his disposition. A

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

By Maurice

With the Russians in Manchuria. Baring. (Methuen & Co.) WITH this book in its main purpose and thread we are scarcely concerned, and the points in which it appeals directly to the majority of our readers may be regarded as subsidiary. So far as it is a contribution to anthropology (and in this respect it commands attention), it comes within our purview. It throws a light upon folk-speech and primitive culture, and is to some extent linked with those questions of comparative folk-lore which constitute our special domain. When a soldier tells a camp story concerning the Tsar and the Patriarch of the Church, which Mr. Baring seems to recall, we recognize it as, with one slight variant, that of the king and the Abbot of Canterbury, which, among other places, is found in the Percy MSS. printed by Dr. Furnivall. When the soldiers sing the song of the Siberian exiles, "Glorious sea of the holy Baikal," which Mr. Baring calls" one of the most melting melodies in the world," we wish for the musical notation. Throughout the entire record of travel and adventure in Manchuria we sigh for illustrative maps, though we grasp the fact that such, besides not being included in the scheme of the book, are unattainable and non-existent. What is said about the Chinese regarding fighting as vulgarity is profoundly interesting, and shows the possession by them of a civilization from which we are yet remote. After seeing a small Chinaman administer a sound thrashing to a big Cossack, Mr. Baring declares his convic tion that "if the Chinese were organized, and ceased to think fighting vulgar, they would make excellent troops." May that day never come! What in the account of the journey from Moscow to Kharbin strikes us with most astonishment is to find that the private soldiers with whom the author travelled had almost to a man read Milton's 'Paradise Lost.' This seems, in itself, almost incredible, but Mr. Baring saw at a fair in Moscow five or six different translations of Milton's works, and was told by a schoolmaster in the Tambov Government that Paradise Lost' was the most popu

the mists of error in regard to things Russian in which Englishmen are content to dwell, and the day would be beneficial to the interest of peace when its perusal should be obligatory in schools. No work with which we are familiar shows more clearly how much international enmities and prejudices are the outcome of ignorance. No less pleasant than edifying is the perusal of a work that is one of the best of its class. The volume is dedicated to Lord Brooke, a frequent companion of Mr. Baring in his adventures, and a sharer in his occupation of special correspondent.

A History of Monmouthshire from the Coming of the Normans into Wales down to the Present Ï'ime.Part I. The Hundred of Skenfrith. By Joseph Alfred Bradney, F.S.A. (Hughes & Clarke.) THERE is a great delight in finding some persons still among us who understand that the only proper form of publishing a county history is in folio. The men of the eighteenth century knew this, so did Surtees, Hunter, and the elder Raine. After their time a period of degradation set in, to the great loss of all those who treasure handsome volumes containing illustrations that are not only a pleasure to look upon, but are on a scale large enough to show the more minute details of what is represented. Mr. Bradney's

History of Monmouthshire, so far as yet published, must take a very high place in our topographical literature. We never read any book of the kind which was more carefully arranged. Many of the older books (though not all) were put together on a patchwork system. The authors wrote at great length on such subjects as interested themselves, and neglected others of as much or perhaps more importance. They also allowed their beliefs, political or religious, to interfere with their duty as historians, sometimes going so far as to neglect to record important facts concerning the Protestant Nonconformity or Catholicism of past times. Mr. Bradney is not guilty of oversights such as these, and he evidently knows our national annals too well to discourse at length on facts that have been treated of again and again in popular books and even in school histories, a fault which some of those who have undertaken to instruct us in our local annals have fallen into, perhaps from the mere desire to increase the number of their pages, or, as is often more probable, being ignorant themselves, they were led to.

assume that their readers must needs be in a like condition.

The engravings are numerous and almost all good; for several of them, indeed, we may claim a high degree of excellence. There are many armorial shields illustrating the pedigrees, accurate and singularly well drawn, and this we remark is a matter in which many genealogical works of modern days are very defective. Of the pedigrees themselves we must speak with caution. We have read every one of them carefully, and we are sure that they are much freer from error than most of those we have studied in modern books of reference, where too often the compilations of the heralds of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

are received as well-nigh infallible authorities. All we can say of those in the book before us is that we have not come upon a single error, unless the implication that Lord Burleigh, the Elizabethan statesman, was of Welsh extraction should turn out to be such. It is a statement often made, and in itself, perhaps, not improbable; but, so far as we have been able to ascertain, it has never been proved in a satisfactory manner.

There are excellent views of the exteriors of nearly all the churches. It would seem that the havoc wrought by what is known as church restoration has been as fatal in Monmouthshire as elsewhere; nevertheless we wish the author had given engravings of some of the more interesting interiors, for notwithstanding the modern warfare against the past some valuable things must, we would fain hope, have been spared. For example, at St. Maughan's the south aisle is divided from the nave by posts of timber which we are told are ancient. If by this is meant that they are the work of the Middle Ages, not the bodging of some recent carpenter, it is a strange arrangement of which we ought to know more. We hear sadly little of old stained glass. Probably the greater part perished long ago, and for this we moderns are not responsible; but destruction, or at least removal, still goes on. At Onastow a window of the year 1540, commemorating Charles Herbert of Troy and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Gruffydd ap Rhys, had survived in part. What was left was removed only very recently.

The list of the mayors of Monmouth begins with Michael Bohun, who ruled the town in 1690. It goes down without a break to the present time. It does not often happen that this civil office is filled by a clergyman. There have been six instances of this kind at Monmouth. The first was John Davis, D.D., the vicar, who occupied the post in 1777; and the last was Thomas Prosser, the lecturer, who was mayor in 1816.

In the parish of Llantilio Crossenny there was, and perhaps is still, a small farm known as Cold Harbour. We do not call to mind that this instance of a name which has caused so much speculation has hitherto been recorded in our pages. Llanfihangel Yestern Llewern, the meadows of which are now the best land in the parish, was in former days a dangerous swamp. This fact is commemorated by the name of the parish, which in the first word signifies church of St. Michael, and in the latter "the burning will-o'-the-wisp." There is also a property in the same parish known as Pwll-y-pwca, in English the Hobgoblin's Pool. In Llantilio Crossenny there is a public-house whose name in English is "The Witch's Gate." Such names as these lead one to imagine that if the field

names of Monmouthshire were collected by some one who knows Welsh, a valuable contribution might be made to Celtic folk-lore.

We must not forget to notice that Mr. Bradney alludes to a diary kept by Walter Powell, who acted as steward to the Earl of Worcester. The time in which Powell flourished was that of the great Civil War. It contains, we are told, "endless references to the events of that period." So far as we know, this MS. has not been published. We trust it may soon be given to the world. Everything that illustrates the troubled time between the calling of the Long Parliament and the Restoration should be made public.

Assyrian Grammar. By A. H. Sayce, D.D., LL.D. Third Edition. (Bagster & Sons.)

THE two former impressions of Prof. Sayce's valuable introduction to the study of Assyrian having become out of print, he has done well to issue this new edition at a lower price. On comparing it with the last edition, we find that the alterations made are chiefly in the direction of the omission of matter which the writer thinks is either antiquated or superseded by more recent publications. The student will probably miss the useful syllabary which occupied pp. 2-48 of the older editions and the reading lessons, pp. 110-31. Thus the new grammar, divested of the above auxiliaries, consists of only vi, 65 pp., as against xvi, 131 pp. The addition of some notes on the archaic forms of the cuneiform characters, as discovered by Scheil, Thureau-Dangin, and Ball, would have been welcomed by many.

Hierurgia Anglicana. Edited by Vernon Staley. Part III. (De La More Press.) THE present is the third and concluding portion of the new edition of this well-known work, which has been edited, with large additions and improvements, by Provost Staley. It consists, like the two preceding volumes, of a selected number of documents and extracts from miscellaneous books, which serve to illustrate the ceremonial and polity of the Anglican Church. But this part is of a supplementary character, and is devoted to matters of ritual and discipline, as distinguished from ceremonial, for which no room could be found in its predecessors. Among the subjects treated are 'Forms of Excommunication,' Prayers for the Departed,' 'Hours of Service' (in which the devoutness of our ancestors makes the laxity of the present age show to disadvantage), and The Kalendar of the Book of Common Prayer.' The enigmatical St. Enurchus, who is commemorated on 7 September, is shown to be a mere misprint of Euurchus in the 1526 edition. of the York Breviary, which stands for Evurtius. We notice that seventeenth-century churchwardens were, like some modern newspapers, given to writing. "Maunday" instead of Maundy Thursday (pp. 261-262).

The book, which is set off by the beautiful_type of the De La More Press, is enriched with eleven plates and two supplemental indexes to the whole work.