1. At Manchester, David Bannerman, Esq. At London, Mr Alex. Shirreff, jun. eldest son of the late Alex. Shirreff, Esq. merchant, Leith. Atholl Crescent, Col. William Douglas Hun ter Knox, Hon. East India Company's service. -At Hastings, Charles, son of Major Fyffe of Logie, aged six years. At 27, Castle Street, Miss Eleanora Menzies, youngest daughter of the late Mr Robert Menzies, merchant, Ayr. 2. At Mountpleasant, near Dublin, Anne, wife of Alexander Johnson, late paymaster of the 25th regiment. At Vienna, at the advanced age of 78 years, his Excellency Baron Von Sturmer. -At Chichester, in the 33d year of his age, Dr Ronald Maclachlan, physician in Alton, Hamp shire, second son of the late Alex. Maclachlan of Corrieavan, Esq. 3. At Chichester, in the 89th year of his age, General Nicolls, Colonel of the 66th regiment. - At Airdrie House, in the 85th year of his age, the Right Hon. Methven, Earl of Keilie. -Janet, youngest daughter of the late Mr John Hutton, writer, Dunfermline. 5. At Sunnyside, East Lothian, Mr Francis Slate, aged 73. -At 42, York Place, Margaret Tod, second daughter of Thomas Bell, Esq. Belmont, Dundee, aged 16. 6. At Platcock House, near Fortrose, Mrs Janet Wood, relict of the late Alexander Wood, late minister of the parish of Rosemarkie, in the 77th year of her age. - At Portobello, Miss Christian Swinton, youngest daughter of the late Mr William Swinton, Southside Bank. -At Middleby Street, Newington, Mr Alexander Brunton, formerly of Glasgow. - At Kilmichael House, James Lamont of Knockdow, Esq. -At Dumfries, William Collow, Esq. of Auche chean. -At Hastings, the Lady Anne Catherine Kerr, fourth daughter of the Marchioness Dowager of Lothian, by the late Marquis. -At Glasgow, the Reverend John Macfarlane, minister of the Relief Church, Bridgeton. 7. At No. 62, Great King Street, James Andrew, infant son of Dr Graham. 8. At Arbroath, Mr William Stephan, shipbuilder. -At Edinburgh, Miss Susan Wright, aged 16, only child of the late Captain James Wright, of the 21st regiment of foot. -At Hastings, Graham, youngest son of Major David Fyffe of Logie, aged two years. -At Kennington, Lady Murray, widow of Sir R. Murray, Bart. 9. At Dunkeld, in the 70th year of his age, Charles Blair, Esq. merchant and Chief Magistrate. At Bourdeaux, William Urquhart, Esq. of Byth, advocate. At Thurso, Mrs Menzie Sinclair, relict of the late William Henderson, Esq. merchant, Thurso. 10. At the house of the Dowager Lady Knightly, in Seymour Street, London, Catherine Erskine, wife of D. Rowland, Esq. of Frants, Sussex. - At Edinburgh, the Honourable Sophia Napier, daughter of the late Francis, Lord Napier. At Glasgow, Mrs Elizabeth Warrand, widow of the late Matthew Robertson, Esq. bookseller, Glasgow. 11. At Portobello, Vice-Admiral Fraser, aged 82 years. At No. 16, Royal Circus, Marion Agatha, infant daughter of William Renny, Esq. W.S. At Edinburgh, Joseph, eldest son of Mr Joseph Lawrie, hosier. 1. At No. 78, Northumberland Street, Alexander Horsburgh of Horsburgh, Esq. aged 76. 13. At No. 21, St Andrew Square, Miss Jean Traill, niece of the late Gilbert Meason of Lindertis, Esq. At No. 16, Howe Street, Mrs Margaret Stuart, widow of the late John Gordon, Esq. of Balmuir, W.S. in the 79th year of her age. At No. 12, Albany street, Euphemia, third daughter of the late George Tower, Esq. Aberdeen. 14. At Glasgow, Mr Thomas Kidson, in the 44th year of his age. 14. At Shanklin, Isle of Wight, Mr David M'Laren, wine-merchant, Leith. -At Longtown, Peter James, Esq. Chief Offcer on board the Honourable East India Company's ship Malcolm, and son of the Reverend John James of Nichol Forest. 15 At the Manse of Kirkmichael, the Reverend Allan Stewart, minister of that parish, in the 68th year of his age, and 40th of his ministry. At No. 7, Scotland Street, Campbell Gard ner, Esq. 16. At No. 30, Royal Circus, Miss Amelia Grant, daughter of the deceased Lieutenant James Grant, R. N. Perth. - At Glencraig House, John Beatson of Glencraig, Esq. 17. At Scorton, in Yorkshire, Mr John Dinsdale, aged 2, late Officer of Excise in Bathgate. 18. At Edinburgh, Farqhuard Campbell, Esq. of Ormsary. At Dunfermline, James Blackwood, Esq. of Colton. late Provost of Dunfermline, aged 5. At Hamilton, the Reverend William Carrick, of the Relief Church there. 19. At London, Miss F. Cockburn, daughter of the late Sir James Cockburn of Langton, Bart. - At Dunfermline. Mr Thomas Hall, one of the oldest travellers on the road. 20. At Loudon, General Lord Charles Fitzroy, of Wicken, in Northamptonshire, second son of Augustus Henry, Duke of Grafton. At Dublin, J. Leland, Esq. barrister. At Bristol, Lieutenant Charles Lockhart, R. N. 21. At Edinburgh, Mrs Helen Cuningham, widow of the late Walter Brown, Esq. of Currie. 22. At Balgownie, Mary Isabella, eldest daughter of Mr Forbes of Balgownie. 23. At No. 4, Scotland Street, Alexander Bertram, youngest son of James MacAllan, W.S. -At Tournay, Richard Foley, Esq. a captain in the royal navy, and nephew of Amiral Sir Thomas Foley, G.C.B. -At Barr House, Argyllshire, Colonel Mathew Macallester of Barr. - At Oxford, aged 68, Robert Bourne, M.D. Clinical Professor in that University, and formerly Fellow of Worcester College. 24. At the Manse of Monkton, the Reverend John S. Oughterson, minister of that parish. -At Stowell Lodge, Wilts, Admiral Sir George Montague, G.C.B. aged 69 years. 25. At Edinburgh, David Beatson, Esq. keeper of the council records, aged 37 years. 26. At Brighton, Mrs Ann Blackadder, widow of the late Rev. Alexander Glen, Dirleton. - At Florence, Mrs Ann Montgomery Campbell, wife of Thomas Hamilton, Esq. 27. At Haugh, Stirling, Mr James Robertson, of Haugh. 28. At London, the Dowager Marchioness of Donegall. At 31, Broughton Street, John Dick, bookseller, Edinburgh. At his own house, Mr Thomas Tayler of Bankhouse, near Falkirk, in his 724 year. 29. At Naples, the Hon. Gerard Vanneck, second son of the late and brother of the present Lord Huntingfield. - At 12, Charlotte Street, Mrs Jean Morrison, wife of John Home, Esq. W.S. 30. At 50, Rankeillor Street, Mr David Emslie. - At 60, Great King Street, Mrs Jane Macdonald, wife of James Bridges, Esq. W.S. 31. At 7, Rankeillor Street, Miss Elizabeth Colvill, second daughter of the late Rev. Alexander Colvill of Hulside, minister of Ormiston. At Thurso, Mr Wm. Clyne, merchant there. At Frederick Street, Alexander Murray Guthrie, Esq. younger of Craigie. Jan. 1, 1850. At 10, West Maitland Street, Sarah Hogg, wife of Mr William Leighton. 2. At 1. Blenheim Place, Mrs Janet Geddes, aged 65 years. Mr James Macklin, comedian, in the 56th year of his age, in want of almost the common necessaries of life. 3. At Che-sels' Court, Miss Euphemia Chancellor, daughter of the late Alexander Chancellor of Shieldhill, Esq. 4. At Langlee Park, in the county of Forfar, James Cruickshank, Esq. in his 82d year. 1830.] Deaths. 4. At Edinburgh, the Dowager Lady Menzies of Menzies. 5. At Chudleigh, Devonshire, John Ewart, Esq. late of Mullack, in his 78th year. At Edinburgh, Neil Campbell, Esq. of Dunstaffnage. 6. At Chatham, Ranken M'Adam, son of Lt. D. M'Adam, R. M. aged nine years. -At Musselburgh, Mary Fergus, relict of Mr William Wood, late of Tranent Lodge. -At London, W. M. Willet, Esq. aged 68. He was the editor of the Statesman during the O. P. war in 1829; he also edited the British Traveller, and many other periodicals since. At Hadleigh, in the county of Suffolk, in his 72d year, the Rev. Edward Auriol Hay Drummond, D.D. son of Archbishop Drummond. -At Ayr, the Rev. Robert Dealtry, LL.D. Rector of Wicklow, and one of the prebendaries of St Patrick's, Dublin, &c. &c. - At 32, Royal Circus, Mrs Margaret C. Gordon, wite of Alex. Dunlop, Esq. of Clober. -At 13, Hope Street, Mrs Barclay. At 35, South Bridge, Miss Helen Mitchell Pillans. At Wester Anstruther, Mr James Monro, aged 58 years. 7. At his residence, in Russell Square, London, Sir Thomas Lawrence, President of the Royal Academy, after an illness of only seven days, from which his physicians did not apprehend danger until the evening before his decease. For the last thirty years, Sir Thomas Lawrence enjoyed the highest reputation as a portrait-painter. In early life, he was involved in great difficulties; and many remember his painting heads at the price of three guineas each, when he lived in Soho Square. The grace and elegance of his female portraits were even then remarkable; and his present Majesty, when Prince of Wales, having seen the paintings by Mr Lawrence of several ladies whom he knew, was struck with the beau tiful fidelity of the likenesses, and gave the artist some commissious. This at once stamped his reputation, and laid the foundation of his fortune. Mr Lawrence's gentlemanly manners and courteous address, raised him also to a share of the Prince's personal esteem, and he continued to receive frequent marks of the royal favour, until his elevation to the chair of the Academy, vacant by the death of Mr West, crowned him with the His fame has from that highest honours of art. time continued to increase; and the number and rank of his sitters was a perpetual homage of genius, talent, and wealth, to his transcendant skill as a painter. The characteristics of his style were, brilliancy of colour, and a delicate mode of conveying a faithful resemblance, with an elegant contour. This perception of beauty and grace was combined with a strong sense of individuality of character; and the eye of the master was obeyed by the hand of taste, accomplished in all the refinements of art that practised skill could render available. His female portraits, for womanly sweetness, and the charm of natural beauty and loveliness, heightened by grace and elegance, were unapproached by any living arust; and they surpassed in richness of colour, fleshiness, and accurate representation of nature, even the female porHe has left a name traits of Vandyke himself. immortalized by his works. 8. Suddenly, on his way from the Hague to Brussels, Thomas Gardener, Esq. the celebrated aurist. - At Tors, near Kirkcudbright, Mr John Mactaggart, late civil engineer on the Rideau Canal, in Canada, and author of the "Three Years in Canada," &c. -At London, Anne, Countess Dowager of Gal- -At Kilmaronage, Argyleshire, Captain Alex. 10. At Glasgow, William Penny, Esq. 11. At 4, Maryfield, Easter Road, Marion, youngest daughter of Mr John Bell, late supervisor of Excise. -At Sauchiehall Road, Glasgow, Mr Alexander Campbell, late of Killmore, Argyleshire. -At Inverness, Ann, youngest daughter of the late John Lawrie, Esq. Leith, 551 11. At Paisley, Dr John White, aged 75. 13. At Inches, Hugh Robert Duff, Esq. young- -At Edinburgh, Henry Home Blackadder, Dr At Comely Bank, Robert Dunbar, Esq. of the General Tax Office, aged 65. 14. At London, Mr William Blair, youngest son of the late David Blair, Esq. merchant Glasgow. At Melville Street, the Right Rev. Bishop Sandford. Bishop Sandford was of the eminent and honourable family of Sandfords, in Shropshire; was educated at Oxford, and became a student of Christ Church. By his marriage he was connected with Scotland. He settled in Edinburgh, as a private clergyman, between thirty and forty years ago. He was much admired as a preacher, his matter being always sound; his manner excellent; his voice clear, distinct, and impressive. His piety was pure and unaffected, and, therefore, in the private duties of his profession, in visiting the sick and in consoling the afflicted, he was particularly admired, and eminently useful. Sandford was the happy means of commencing and completing the union of Scottish and English Episcopalians in this part of Scotland, by which the respectability and usefulness of that community have been so much promoted. His influence in this respect, and the general respectability of his character, induced his reverend brethren to elect him to be their Bishop-an election not unanimous only on their part, but earnestly desired. His promotion was confirmed with equal zeal by the Bishops, by whom he was consecrated on the 9th February 1806. As a private clergyinan his merits will be long remembered by his friends and his flock. The mild and conciliating manner in which he exercised the duties of his Episcopal office was generally felt-by his clergy in particular. The impressive solemnity with which he performed the religious duties appertaining to that office has been frequently remarked, He will be long laand was indeed remarkable. mented, not by his family and his friends only, but by all who knew him, and especially by the church with which he was so long and so honourably connected. The Bishop was in his sixty-fourth year. 15. At Brechin, Mr Alexander Mitchell, merchant, there, in his 75th year. At Hermitage Hill, near Leith, Andrew Waddell, Esq. late of Kidderpore, Bengal. - At Oxnam, the Rev. John Hunter, in the 76th year of his age, and 13d of his ministry. At Broughty Ferry, in his 90th year, Mr William Strachan, for 68 years tenant on the estate of Craigie. 16. At his seat, Batsford Park, Glocestershire, the Right Hon. Lord Redesdale, in the 82d year of his age. His Lordship was born on the 18th of August, 1741. Early in life, when Mr Mitford, he entered as a member of Lincoln's Inn. In due time he was called to the Bar; and in 1788 he was returned Member of Parliament for a borough in the west of England. About 1790, he was appointed Solicitor-General, and received the honour of knighthood, and in a few years afterwards he was appointed Attorney-General. In 1801, he was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons, and a few months afterwards was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and created Baron Redesdale. His Lordship married, in 1803, Lady Frances Perceval, daughter of the Earl of Egremont. His Lordship was always considered a very high legal authority in appeals and Committees of the The benevolent measure of House of Lords. affording relief to men in a state of insolvency, originated entirely with his Lordship; and, however much the privilege may have been abused by fraudulent individuals, the insolvent debtors' laws will be a lasting monument to the philanthropy of Lord Redesdale. -At Winchester, Arthur Clifford, Esq. son of the late Hon. Thomas Clifford of Tixal, Staffordshire. 17. At Coldstream Manse, the Rev. Robert Scott, minister of Coldstream. 18. At Newton Green, Ayr, Captain Graham, late of the 12th veteran battalion 19. At Glasgow, Andrew Wilson, Esq. senior, type-founder, in the 89th year of his age. 20. At No. 58, Northumberland Street, Mrs Barbara Pearson, wife of Andrew Johnson, younger of Rennyhill. 21. At the Palace, St Asaph, in the 71th year of his age, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St Asaph. At Williamslea, Thomas Oliver, late farmer of Kirkton, in his 84th year. At Ayton Castle, Margaret. third daughter of the late Mr Archibald Park, formerly of Lewenshope. -At Merchant Street, Mr John Greig, of the Weigh-House, Edinburgh. 22. At Perth, Mr John MacDonald. 23. At Ashkirk Manse, Joanna Miller, relict of James Walker, Esq. late of Antigua. -At Arbuthnott House, in the 81st year of her age, the Hon. Charlotte Arbuthnott, aunt of Viscount Arbuthnott. 21. At London, Mr Owen Owens, who was for 36 years clerk to Sir Samuel Shepherd, the Lord Chief Baron of Scotland, and afterwards deputykeeper of the seal of the Exchequer of Scotland. 25. At London, the Right Honourable George Tierney, acknowledged as the Leader of the Whig party in the House of Commons, though latterly he has left the weight of debating to younger men. "The day before his death," says the Morning Chronicle, "he was remarkably cheerful. A friend called upon him, and found him reading Lord Byron's Life. They talked and laughed on various subjects for half an hour, and Mr Tierney never appeared in higher spirits. The day on which he died, he transacted a great deal of business, and was very cheerful. About two o'clock the servant announced Colonel Phipps; and, to the horror of himself and the Colonel, Mr Tierney was found quite dead, sitting in his arm-chair, with his head reclining a little on one side, in the position in which he occasionally took a nap. His physician was of opinion, that, feeling perhaps a little faint or drowsy, Mr Tierney had reclined his head against the chair, and thus changed the one state of existence for the other, not only without the slightest pain, but without the least consciousness of the awful transition. As a speaker, he was exceedingly original. From the moment he opened his mouth till he sat down, the attention of his hearers never flagged for one moment. In a style which never rose above the colloquial, the most cutting sarcasms, level to the most ordinary understanding, escaped from him, as if he were hunself unaware of their terrible effect. How often have we seen his opponent writhing for hours under a succession of sarcasms, which it almost exceeded human patience to bear! His sneer was withering. We are certain that of all the speakers, contemporaries of Tierney, no one was so much dreaded as he was. His irony was inimitable. From the simplicity of his language, the reporters never misunderstood him; but from the rapidity of his colloquial turns, and the instant roar with which they were followed in the House, it was impossible to record all that fell from him; and the reports, therefore, though almost always characteristic of him, were far from complete. But his manner and intonation added immensely to the effect of what he said. He never attempted continuous discourse-never declaimed-and never attempted what is ordinarily understood by wit. It was the conversation of a shrewd man of the world, who delivered his observations on the subject under discussion with an apparent candour, which contrasted singularly with the knowing tone and look of the speaker. No man ever possessed, in such perfection, the talent of seizing on a weak point of his adversary, and exhibiting it in a ludierous light. His mode of taking an argument to pieces and reconstructing it in his own way, astonished his hearers, who recognised the apparent fidelity of the copy, and yet felt at a loss how he had himself failed to perceive, during the preceding speech, what seemed now so palpably absurd. Yet, though Mr Tierney was shrewd and acute, he could not be said to take comprehensive views. We are not aware that he ever delivered an observation that could be separated from the question before him. He could not be said to possess political wisdom or foresight. He was entirely practical. In financial discussions he argued rather like an accountant than a politician.” 21. At Wallace Place, William Laing, son of Mr James Laing, baker. 26. At 54, Bristo Street, Alexander Scott, in the 22d year of his age. Lately, At Montmein, in the Burman Empire, Lieut. Duncan Archibald Campbell, Madras Artillery, second son of Duncan Campbell, Alfred Place, London. - At Hyderabad, Eliza Jane, wife of Captain Ivie Campbell, and second daughter of Colonel P. Littlejohn, of the Bengal Army. -At London, Honore Maruerite Francoise, wife of Dr Spurzheim. -At St James's Palace, London, Sir Frederick Augustus Barnard, K.C.H. -A. Cheteauraix, France, Madame Bertrand, the mother of the General who accompanied Napoleon into exile. -At Dublin, Louisa, only daughter of the late W. Edgworth, and grand-daughter of Captain T. Edgworth, formerly of that city. At Ethy House, near Lestwithiel, Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Venicombe Penrose, in his 71st year. -At Rothsay, in the island of Bute, Mary Anne Eliza Shairp, eldest daughter of Norman Shairp, Esq. younger of Houston. At 44, Rankeillor Street, Mr Buchan, bank of Scotland, in his 77th year. - Hassan Pacha, the Governor of Smyrna, of an apoplectic fit. He was a man of much prudence and sagacity, and was gencrally beloved. -At London, at the age of 24, Mr Robert Ward of Liverpool, sculptor. -At 22, St Patrick Square, Robert Ross, Esq. late bookseller. - At 50, Buccleuch Street, Mr James Hossack, in the 78th year of his age. - At 31, Gayfield Square, Mr James Brown, formerly merchant in Edinburgh. -At Kilmallock, Mrs Mary Finn, at the extreme old age of 105 years. -At the very advanced age of 108 years, Mr Thomas Harris, of Hinton Blewett, near Temple Cloud, Somerset. This extraordinary man enjoyed uninterrupted health during his long life, and retained his mental faculties to the last moment. Printed by Ballantyne and Co., Paul's Work, Edinburgh. BLACKWOOD'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE. No. CLXV. APRIL, 1830. VOL. XXVII. THE INFLUENCE OF FREE TRADE UPON THE CONDITION OF THE THE necessity of providing employment for the multitudes of manufacturing, as well as of agricultural labourers, whom political and social changes have thrown out of work, is become at length so urgent and pressing, that it can no longer be overlooked without seriously affecting the prosperity, or even endangering the peace, of the community. The intensity of the distress which prevails among the industrious classes in this country can be properly estimated by those alone who have personally witnessed its overwhelming pressure. Nor is it of a partial character: it is not confined to those who are employed in any particular species of industry for which the demand has ceased in consequence of a change in their public trade. To this partial degree of suffering every manufacturing community is always liable. When metal buttons or buckles, for instance, went out of fashion, the artisans employed in fabricating these commodities were unavoidably plunged into temporary distress. But while manufacturers of buttons and buckles laboured under difficulties, every other branch of public industry continued to yield its usual returns; some branches of manufacture were even benefitted by the change; the demand for ribband and twist necessarily increased in the proportion in which the use of buckles and metal buttons had been discontinued by the public. There was thus no diminution in the aggregate demand for labour, although it varied in parti VOL. XXVII. NO. CLXV. cular branches; the total amount was the same, although the items which formed it differed. It must likewise be added, that the distress occasioned by a relaxation in the demand for particular commodities, was not only partial in its extent, but also temporary in its duration. The labour and the capital disengaged from the fabrication of metal buttons and buckles, were transferred into the manufacture of ribband and twist; and by this means the rate of wages and profit, momentarily deranged by a change of fashion, was soon restored to its accustomed level. Neither the capitalist nor the labourer was in the end much inconvenienced by this change; the falling off in one branch of manufacture being counterbalanced by an increased activity in some other department of public industry. But far different appears the character of the depression which has recently fallen upon the industry of this country. It seems to be universal; it extends throughout every district of the country; it affects every interest; it pervades the whole mass of our industrious population; involving in one common ruin the agricultural, the manufacturing, and the trading classes. The records of Parliament will testify that there is scarcely a county-scarcely a parish from Penzance to the Orkneys, which has not petitioned, or at least which is not about to petition, the legislature for relief. The cry in every district is the same-general, overwhelming, intolerable distress. The farming classes 20 are all in a state of absolute insolvency; all incapable of fulfilling the contracts into which they had entered. The landowners have therefore been compelled to compound for their rents, and content themselves with what they can get in lieu of the amount which their tenants had bargained to pay. The farmer, ruined by the fall which has taken place in the price of agricultural produce, is not only unable to pay his rent, but he is likewise deprived of the means necessary to defray the wages of labour; hence the labourers of the country, however able and willing to work, can get no employment. In some parishes they are seen working on the roads, or in gravel pits, at a rate of wages not exceeding two shillings per week; in others, where no labour of any kind is provided for them, they form desperate bands, and rove about in a state of idleness to the great terror of the inhabitants of the district. Some parishes, justly afraid of the consequences which cannot fail to result from this lawless vagrancy, collect their able-bodied labourers once a-week and let them in vestry to the highest bidder. On the fifteenth day of the month of January last, a vestry was held in the parish of Henninghall, in the county of Norfolk, for the purpose of taking into consideration the better employment of the surplus poor; where it was resolved, "That all unemployed labourers shall inform the overseer of their want of work, that their names may be presented by him at the next vestry meeting, to be held on Monday morning in every week, at ten o'clock, that they may be then let at the best price that can be obtained for them for the next week." The same practice has been adopted in the adjoining parish of Winfarthing; and if not speedily arrested, the odious system of putting the labour of human beings up to public auction threatens to spread throughout that part of the kingdom. The gross and pernicious absurdities of the Malthusian school, have inspired the landowners of the country with so much horror of cottages, that the want of that species of accommodation for the labouring poor begins to operate as an intolerable evil in many parts of the country. "I cannot," says the Bishop of Winchester, in a charge to his clergy, delivered at his primary visitation in the course of last year, "refrain from adverting to an inconvenience unfelt till recently in agricultural parishes, but now beginning to affect them in a manner very prejudicial to the proper habits of the people. I allude to the deficiency of cottages for the accommodation of the poor; arising partly from the excess of population, partly from the natural objection on the part of the landlords, to keep up tenements which are likely to increase the pressure of the poor's rate, but too intolerable already. One parish thus situated, consists of twenty-nine cottages, the inmates of which amount to two hundred and ten persons. By an actual admeasurement of the dimensions of each cottage, it appears that their aggregate contents include an area of three hundred and forty-seven feet in length, by two hundred and eighty-two in breadth; giving an average space of about twelve feet by ten for each cottage. In many of those tenements no fewer than eight, and in some instances, as many as ten persons, occasionally of different families, are crowded together day and night, the children literally sleeping under the beds of their parents, without distinction of age or sex. consequence of such a state of things to the health and morals of the parishioners, are too obvious to need pointing out; and though in this particular case, local circumstances make it difficult to provide a remedy, I know that a strong desire exists to diminish the evil, and have reason to hope that measures will be taken for this purpose." When Mr Mal The thus was examined before the Emi gration Committee, he suggested, that to render the possession of tenements more difficult to the poor, would prove a salutary measure, by checking population, and preventing too early marriages; he added, that on general principles he saw no objection to the imposition of a tax on a landlord who builds a cottage on his land. The fact stated by the Bishop of Winchester, furnishes an useful commentary on the practical operation of such principles; it seems to operate admirably in destroying the comforts, degrading the character, and deteriorating the morals of the poor: but it appears somewhat doubt |