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nation of all these labors, and the final accomplish- of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property. ment of the glorious object-permanent and use-And all archives, records, deeds, and papers, either ful uniformity-legislation is not alone competent of a public nature or belonging to private persons, A concurrence of will is indipensable to give effi- which, in the course of the war, may have fallen cacy to the precepts of power." into the hands of the officers of either party, shall be, as far as may be practicable, forthwith restored and delivered to the proper authorities and persons to whom they respectively belong.

Before we leave, for the present, this truly able and erudite performance, we ought to bear a distinct and emphatic testimony to the sagacious, pa tient, various, and earnest research which it be- Such of the islands in the bay of Passamaquoddy, speaks. Some years have, indeed, elapsed since as are claimed by both parties, shall remain in the the date of the resolution of the senate, in obe-possession of the party in whose occupation they dience to which it was prepared; but much time may be at the time of the exchange of the ratifica was required for collecting the important and in-tions of this treaty, until the decision respecting the structive details with which it is filled, and much title to the said islands, shall have been made in conlabor, as well as ability, for applying them in so sa-formity with the fourth article of this treaty. No tisfactory a manner. The ordinary duties of the de- disposition made by this treaty, as to such possespartment, which the author of the report is knownsion, of the islands and territories claimed by both to discharge with unwearied assiduity, would seem parties, shall, in any manner whatever, be construed sufficient to absorb all his time and thoughts. The to affect the right of either." secretary has furnished the country with an ample fund of accurate and well digested information on a subject which, while few exceed it in national "Whereas it was agreed, by the first article of importance, has yet so abstruse and repulsive an asthe treaty of Ghent, that, all territory, places, and pect, that it was not at all likely to be examined or understood at large, without the help and temptation which he has now afforded.

Treaty of Ghent.

Fifth article of the convention of 20th October,

1818.

possessions, whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction or carrying away any of the artillery or other pub. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, lic property originally captured in said forts or Washington, May 22, 1821. places, which shall remain therein upon the exSince the notice given from this department of change of the ratifications of this treaty, or any the demand made by the British secretary of state slaves or other private property;' And, whereas, for the department of foreign affairs, that, in the under the aforesaid article, the United States claim event of a decision by his imperial majesty, the em- for their citizens, and as their private property, the res peror of Russia, favorable to the construction in-titution of, or full compensation for, all slaves who, at sisted upon on the part of the United States, of the the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the suid first article of the treaty of Ghent, the question treaty, were in any territory, places, or possessions, upon which has been submitted, by the assent of whatsoever, directed by the said treaty to be restored both parties, to his determination, the British gov-to the United States, but then still occupied by the ernment may be apprized of the extent of the in- British forces, whether such slaves were, at the date demnities claimed for the sufferers by the carrying aforesaid, on shore, or on board any British vessel ly. away, after the exchange of ratifications of the trea- ing in waters within the territory or jurisdiction of the ty of peace, of slaves by British officers, from with- United States. And whereas differences have aris in the jurisdiction of the United States, evacuated en whether, by the true intent and meaning of the by virtue of the said treaty of peace, numerous let-aforesaid article of the treaty of Ghent, the Uni. ters have been received at this department from ted States are entitled to the restoration of, or full persons laying claim to such indemnities, and con-compensation for, all or any slaves as above describtaining inquiries, what is the nature of the evidence ed, the high contracting parties hereby agree to which will be required, and some of them to what cases the claim of indemnity is considered applicable. For the information of all such persons, they are referred to the first article of the treaty of Ghent, and the fifth article of the convention be tween the United States and Great Britain of 20th October, 1818-both of which are hereby repub. lished, as follows:

refer the said differences to some friendly sovereign or state, to be named for that purpose, and and the high contracting parties further engage to consider the decision of such friendly sovereign or state, to be final and conclusive on all the matters referred."

From these stipulations it will be perceived that the material facts to be ascertained, and, as far as may be practicable, proved by the sufferers, will be

1. The loss of their slaves, whether by absconding or by capture within the United States, with the name, age, sex, and value, of each individual lost.

2. The fact of their being with the British forces at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty.

First article of the treaty of Ghent. "There shall be a firm and universal peace between his Britannic majesty and the United States, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people of every degree, without exception of places or persons. All hostilities, both by sea and land, shall cease as soon as this treaty shall have been ratified by both parties, as The nature of the evidence should be the best hereinafter mentioned. All territory, places, and of which the case will admit; with regard to the possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the loss, the oath of the sufferer, taken before any comother, during the war, or which may be taken after the petent magistrate, and the testimony of one or signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands herein-more witnesses, if such there be, to corroborate the after mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and facts stated by him.. The testimony of disinterestwithout causing any destruction, or carrying away ed persons will be most essential upon the point of any of the artillery or other public property originally the value of the slave.

captured in the said forts or places, and which shall The fact of the slaves being with the British, at remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications the time of the peace, being less susceptible of

tion.

proof by the sufferer, all that can be required will it is the duty of all to afford no pretext for its ac be the best testimony that he can produce of it-as far as may be practicable, it should be such testimony as would be admissible in civil causes before courts of law or equity; and where evidence only of a weaker character is accessible, such facts as may shew why stronger testimony cannot be exhibited sild be set forth and attested.

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On assuming the new duties prescribed to him by the department of war, the major general considers it due to his situation to direct the attention of the army to certain points relative to its discipline and duties.

The state of the military establishment is of a nature to excite a deep concern for its interests. The minute divisions which it has suffered, from the necessity of furnishing garrisons for the numerous posts that line our inland and maritime borders, and the abridgement of the sources of competition, inseparable from its dispersed condition, are alike unfavorable to its discipline. The principle of emulation, which, in combined forces, has an irresistible operation by a force inherent in itself, is lost upon bodies which do not feel the influence of contact, and can find a substitute only in the increased devotion of those who are invested with command. Discipline, no longer nourished by a principle of constitutional activity, becomes in a great degree dependent for existence on the application of authority by those in command, and on the principle of obedience in those of subordinate situations. Viewing the subject as he does, the major general cannot repress a solicitude for the prosperity of the army; a solicitude which is reliev ed only by a confidence in those, by whose co-operation his own efforts are to be sustained. Subordination in authority is the essence of military government, and it must be fostered by that respectful deference, which is due from all officers to each other, in their private as well as in their official correspondence.

The prevalence of desertion has been an evil of serious magnitude, and it does not appear to be justified by a view of the past condition of the military establishment. All research in this field for its causes has been unsatisfactory. The character of the military profession is honorable; the soldier is as well provided with comforts as the citizen in common life, and his occupation is neither more offen sive nor more laborious. There are restless, discontented spirits in every sphere of life, which no indulgence nor kindness can bind to stability; but these examples do not exist in sufficient number to justify the range desertion has taken in the army. The evil must be referred, in a degree, to an undue severity, or to the absence of system in the con. duct of officers towards their men. The officer is the depositary of the rights of the soldier, and the obligations of his office, as well as the laws of honor and humanity, claim a faithful execution of the trust. When the soldier ceases to regard the officer as his protector, the authority with which the laws invest the latter loses its efficacy in his estimation. The surest remedy for the evil of desertion is contained in a rigid and steady discipline. To be salutary it must possess both these qualities; but no violation of law can be deemed essential to its enforcement. Its effect upon the soldier becomes impaired the moment he feels that the system which governs him is fluctuating in its course, or that it violates the principles upon which it is founded. The certainty of laws constitutes their principal efficacy, and, however severe restrictions may be, they are obeyed so long as they are dispens ed by the hand of justice, and not of oppression.

It should be the study of officers to cultivate intimate relations with society, and to attach the community to the interests of the army, by mingling, with circumspection and prudence, in those social channels wherein the sympathies of individuals naturally flow. The objects of military service are of national concern, and it is but rational that there should be an intimacy between the nation and the agents to which its external defence is entrusted. The affections of the nation constitute the only certain and permanent basis upon which the military establishment can build its reputation. Under a government whose whole efficacy is derivative, it is apparent that every subordinate institution must participate in the general dependence upon the common fountain of power. To the country, then, in its most enlarged sense, the army must look for the rewards of its successes, and for support in the hour of adversity; and it is only by deeds of arms in war, and devotion to duty in peace, that its object can be attained.

The major general feels it his duty forcibly to enjoin on the officers of the army the necessity of maintaining a spirit of harmony among themselves. In addition to the consideration that personal schisms tend directly to the subversion of military order and discipline, it will be obvious to them that their profession imposes obligations, which do not exist in the other walks of life. Dissentions and controversies among private gentlemen affect only the characters of the individual parties; while those among military officers impair the reputation of the The nation must be convinced that the army is body of which they are members; and it is but just be made to feel that it is connected with its safety progressing in all useful improvements, and must to expect that every gentleman of honorable sentiments will sacrifice the gratification of his per- the difficulty of this, achievement. It is called for and honor. It is in vain that officers complain of sonal enmity to the consideration that the reputa. tion of his associates will necessarily be involved by the highest duties enjoined by patriotism, and in the obloquy which he draws upon his own. Al. it must be effected, as they value their own repu- · though it may be alleged that the distinction which tation and the consciousness of having performed their duty. has been made between the military and the other departments of society is an artificial one, and that The efficacy of example is too generally felt to it is deducible rather from the popular jealousy of be asserted, and to officers of rank the major genemilitary institutions, than from any principles of ral looks for constant exhibitions of zeal and attenreason or justice; an admission of the fact would form no argument against the existence of the propensity to charge upon the body the errors of its constituents parts, and while the propensity exists,

tion to their profession. If they perform their duty, he cannot doubt, confiding as he does in the worth and talent of the junior grades, that the army will be distinguished for its devotion to the institutions

of the country, and a model of order and excel. Ito promote the same object were sustained by the lence in the military profession.

Lieutenant E. Kirby, aid de camp to the major general, will perform the duties of adjutant general of the army until further orders.

JACOB BROWN.

On Militia Musters.

To the honorable the general assembly of the state of
North Carolina.

confidence of success. But the sober lessons of experience have taught me the futility of all such hopes and attempts, not only here, but in every state where I have had a knowledge of the militia,

"In peace prepare for war" is a good maxim, but "at all times to inculcate the principles and promote the arts of peace" is a better. The expense of means misapplied to promote the first object, would, if properly directed, do much to advance both, and from the enlightened and liberal principles which are prevailing, and from better esti.

Gentlemen: I hereby tender you my resignation of the office of major general in the militia of North-mates being now made than heretofore of all the Carolina.

On this occasion I beg leave to offer to your view some considerations in regard to the militia, which I deem of much importance to the best interest of the community.

objects of human ambition, I look forward with pleasing anticipations to the more improved condi tion of human society in all its relations-to the lessend frequency and mitigated horrors of war and to the multiplied embellishments and increased-enExertions to discipline the militia have been per-joyments of peace. severingly made for 30 years. Instructions have In tendering this resignation, which will probaly been given and penalties inflicted. Laws and regu-be the last official act of my life, I cannot withhold lations have multiplied without end. Every where an expression of the deep sense of gratitude I feel men of zeal and talent, impelled by the powerful for the honors the legislature and the constituted motives of public interest and individual distinc-authorities of the state have bestowed upon me, estion, have afforded their aid- and what has been pecially for the office I now abandon, and for giving the result? The militia are now, in point of efficien- me, in virtue of it, the command of the military cy, exactly as they were when these mighty efforts force of the state, when called into service at an commenced, and thirty years more of experience interesting period of the late war, affording me would only go to prove that the proud spirit of thereby an opportunity of demonstrating my zeal freemen is not to be broken down into the mashi- for the public welfare. nery which constitutes the efficiency of a regular army. Nor is it, in my opinion, in any point of view desirable that it should be. Bunker's Hill, King's Mountain, and New Orleans, will forever attest that the ardor of patriotism, and the regard for individual character, that is so dear to honorable minds, will give an impetus to a militia force that will overwhelm the frigid order of regular troops. If warfare is protracted, discipline will in due time supply the place of this resistless but transient ardor. And I hazard nothing by the assertion, that one week in actual service will do more for discipline than the whole life of a man who is dragged from his family half a dozen times in the year to expose his health to the elements, his awkwardness to the public gaze, and his morals to the contamination of electioneering treats.

Raleigh, Dec. 22, 1820.

CALVIN JONES.

Turkey in Europe.

The insurrection of the Greeks, which appears to be general, seems to threaten a great revolution in the condition of this interesting portion of Europe. We have already published the declaration of Russia and Austria, regarding the insurrection, together with the spirited proclamation of Ypsilanti to the Greeks. In this state of things the following article from a late London paper becomes a proper subject for the notice of our readers.

The German papers communicate a mass of intelligence with regard to the condition of the TurIf no real good is effected, are no positve evils kish empire. The following is a slight summary produced? Fifty thousand men drawn away from of their contents:-While the war against Ali Pacha their homes and occupations, six times in the year, has proceeded with faint prospects of a successful deduct from the useful buisness of life labor that issue, the Servians have demanded some important is worth, at a moderate estimate, one hundred and privileges; the reluctant and inevitable grant of fifty thousand dollars! In other words, the industry which, by the Porte, will, it is feared, be producof North Carolina is annually taxed one hundred tive of fresh encroachments. The opposite exand fifty thousand dollars, for an unattainable object. tremities of the empire also are in a state of much No substantial benefits are obtained, and the inju- danger and confusion. In Arabia the Wechabites ry inflicted upon property and morals is incalcula-again rise their heads; and altho' Maliomet Ali, the ble. Pacha of Egypt, can alone restrain these trouble. I would, therefore, take the liberty respectfully some insurgents, the Porte has had the singular into recommend, as a measure eminently calculated discretion to incur the resentment of the Egyptian to promote the public weal, that the militia be re-governor, by threatening him with a maritime exstricted to muster but once in the year, and then merely to continue their organization and to bring officers and men to a knowledge of each other.

pedition, to strip him of his treasures, the mainspring of all his military resources, and of his vi gorous and bold administration. Ali, therefore, These observations are the result of a deliberate instead of a protector, becomes a mortal enemy to judgment, formed with all the lights afforded with the Turks. In the midst of these embarrassments, wenty-four years of experience in different offices comes the great revolt in Wallachia and Moldavia, in the militia-on muster grounds in the halcyon which is expected to spread throughout all the days of peace, and in the tented field in the stormy Christian provinces of the empire, being the allegseason of war. None will consider them as intended result of a plan for the liberation of the whole ed to apologize for any former deficiency of zeal in body of the Greek nation from the yoke of Mahommyself. I entered the militia service with the most et. Prince Ypsilanti, the present leader of this insanguine expectations of introducing reform, and surrection, bears an honorable and distinguished when in the legislature my most strenuous exertions name among his countrymen. His father was ex

"No shoal or perpendicular rock would be more fatal to a vessel or lives, than would this ice-bound shore, in case of her being driven against it by violence of wind-this would be the case in the most secure harbor: for should she drive against this impending mass of ice, which is constantly falling, she would be crushed to pieces or instantly carried to the bottom, with hardly a possibility of escape in boats.

iled by the Turkish government, and his grandfa- | but more particularly, in the bosoms of bays and ther cruelly put to death. He may, therefore, be harbors, where the water is from four to ten fathoms stimulated in his enmity to the Porte by the double in depth, under the very brink of them. This body motives of vengeance and ambition. But from the of ice, being constantly dissolving underneath, above sketch of the dangers which on all sides sur- cracks and is precipitated into the sea in great round the Turkish diadem, it becomes a matter of masses, with a report resembling thunder, or heavy grave inquiry what means may still be at the dis-ordnance-it may be heard from 15 to 25 miles posal of the Ottomans, or be employed by others, distant. for their preservation, and what chance remains of durability to that enormous empire. A large portion of the forces of the great neighboring powers are said to be, in consequence of the clashing of interests in Europe, diverted to points remote from the Turkish territory. The mutual fears, likewise, and jealousies of the Christian governments, may obstruct the projects entertained by any one of them for the conquest or dismemberment of Turkey; but the military strength of the Porte itself, "Southward of this range of islands, at the disthough much of it is nominal as to amount, and im-tance of from fifty to eighty miles, lies a large body perfect as to quality, has not yet been fairly calcu- of land, yet but little known, and will probably so lated-and we subjoin, on the authority of the same remain, by reason of the danger and difficulty of paper, a detailed, though probably exaggerated approaching the shore, from the great quantity of statement of the several descriptions of force which floating ice with which it is surrounded. This is go to its composition: of the same description as that of the islands, but it is not yet ascertained whether cut up into islands 113,400 or not. 'Tis not improbable that it is connected 16,000 with Sandwich land. It is said there are several 2,000 active volcanoes on the first mentioned islands, but 12,000 I am uncertain as to the truth of the assertion.

Janissaries

INFANTRY.

Topadgis (Cannoniers)
Ghambaradgis [bombardiers]
Bostangis

Skeletons of regiments, organized and exer-
cised in the European manner

Levantis [marines]

Walachian and Moldavian corps
Methergis [soldiers appointed to pitch the
tents]

Spahis, paid regularly

CAVALRY,

"I have seen a small but high conical formed 20,000 island, from the top of which we supposed we perceived smoke to issue; but we were at too great a 163,400 distance to be possitive of the fact. Others say 50,000 they have seen both fire and smoke emitted from 6,000 it. From the circumstance of the island being bare of snow, there is little doubt of its being a volcano. 6,000 "There is a small island at no great distance from our present position, which has been describ225,400 ed to me, by several who have visited it, as being so hot that, on many parts of it, the foot or hand 10,000 cannot be held to the sand, and that on the shore of a basin forming a small harbor, (probably the an10,000 cient crater of a volcano, the water boils.) 132,000 "My opinion of the land which I have seen here 10,000 is, that it had a volcanic origin. But this subject I submit to the speculation of such learned gentle. men as our friend (for he is the friend of humani19,000 ty) Dr. Mitchell.

Miklagis [cavalry that follow the Spahis and
Seg-bans, keepers of the baggage]
Zaims and Timariots [feudal cavalry]
Degalis [light horse volunteers]
Serradgis and Gebedgis, [the train and the
armorers, which in case of need forms
corps reserve]

Total cavalry
Total infantry;

Grand total

a

"'Tis impossible for me to convey to you an ade181,000 quate idea of the dreary yet sublime scenery of 225,400 this region of frost. I think the land abounds in minerals, but of what kind I am too ignorant of 406,400 mineralogy to determine. But however valuable the mines may be, they must remain useless to the world, from their being buried under mountains of ice. I have had but little opportunity to collect specimens of stone, &c. but such as f have procur. ed, I forward by the Jane Maria, capt. Johnson, for which I beg you to call on board this brig, and present them, with my respectful compliments, to Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell, and request he will accept such specimens as he wishes to retain, and present the remainder in my name, to the New-York Lyceum of Natural History. It was my intention to have written to him, and as far as my feeble talents would admit, describe to him this new world; but time will not now admit of attempting it. I have further to request, that you will solicit him to do me the honor of communicating his ideas, by letter, on these specimens of stone, ore, &c."

The new-found Land. The following is published in the New-York "Daily Advertiser, as an extract of a letter from captain Donald Mackay, dated among the Antarctic islands, lat. 63, south, long. 61, west, "or thereabouts," and is the best account that we have yet had of the land recently discovered and called New South Iceland by some and New South Shetland by others:

"This land is but little known yet, except the range of islands at which we now are, extending from E. N. E. to W. S. W. about two hundred miles in length. These are, in general, composed of high and broken land, or rather rocks, clad with an immense body of snow, except here and there a naked peak, or some low rocks near the sea. The snow, consolidated by lapse of time, forms perpendicular cliffs, much higher than those bordering on the river Hudson. These are common along the coast,

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The following from the New York Gazette contains some additional particulars:

"Vessels from the lands situate to the south a

Cape Horn, have arrived in different ports with cargoes of seal skins. The regions visited by the New-York navigators lie in about the latitude of 62°, where vegetable life is so rare, that a little grass in a few favored places, and some moss on the rocks, are all the forms of it that exist. The dreary climate exhibits, during the entire summer, perpetual snow and ice; not a tree nor even shrub appears. The minerals brought home by Mr. B. Astor are partly primitive and partly volcanic. The examples produced to Dr. Mitchell are-1. Quartz in compact and chrystalized forms. 2. Amethysts, in chrystals. 3. Pophyry, in small masses. 4. Rouen oynx, in pebbles. 5. Lumps of coarse flint. 6. Elegant zeulite, like that of the Ferro groupe in the North Atlantic ocean. 7. Pumice stone. 8. Pyrites, surcharged with sulphur.

The manuscript chart made by Mr. Hampton Stewart, is an instructive addition to geography, and ought to be incorporated into the charts of the globe.

Geologists will learn with surprise that the high grounds and summit of the rocks in several of the spots that have been visited, are strewed with skeletons of whales, and relics of other marine animals, leading to a belief that the whole of the materials have been hove up by the operation of volcanic fire, from the depths of the ocean.

Further disclosures of the natural constitution of

this curious region are expected with impatience from future adventurers. There appears to be a wide field for new and original observation.

It is also hoped we shall soon receive a more full and satisfactory account of the Terra Australis, or continent of the southern hemisphere, occupying the vast space between the tracts already surveyed

and the pole.

Foreign Articles.

London papers, of the 20th of May, have been received at New-York. They do not contain any thing important.

Great Britain. The king has abandoned his visit to Ireland—this measure is said to have resulted from the fate of the Catholic question. Preparations, however, were making for his reception in Hanover. Thirteen regiments were about to depart to the East and West Indies, to relieve others or. dered home..

Spain. In the debate of the Spanish Cortes of the 22d March, respecting the conspiracies against the constitution, the new secretary, or minister, of the colonial department, held the following language in the name of the whole ministry:

the constitution have been so stupid as to shew that they belonged alone to their ostensible authors.His majesty, the king, knows that these wretches meant to supersede him on the throne.

"The government has not been interrupted for a moment in its operations. All the new ministers are at their post-they are perfectly united in sentiment; they suffer no perplexity as to the system they are to pursue-this is a strict observance of the constitution and the laws: and if we cannot compare ourselves with our predecessors, in point of abilities and information, at least we are not behind them in patriotism, in firmness of character, and in resolution to defend the rights of the throne and the people."

Turkey. Advices from the Ionian Islands, state that the Morea and southern provinces of Greece,are manifesting the same spirit of insurrection against the Turkish power as those of the north. Some Greek officers, who have a knowledge of British were collecting in large bod.es. tactics, are at the head of the "insurgents," who

religion, and has assumed the name of Alexander, It is stated that Ali Pacha professes the Christian has joined the Greeks in their resistance of the or, as some say, Constantine. It is added that he

Turks.

Colombia. A letter received from St. Thomas, by a respectable gentlemen in Baltimore, states, that Caraccas fell into the hands of the patriots on the 13th of May. It appears by this statement, that general La Torre, with his second in command, Morales, [so distinguished for his cruelties under Morillo] had made a movement in advance to meet had been joined by Paez, having under him the the main army, under the president, Bolivar, who British and Irish, with 4000 native troops, of which 1500 were cavalry-That in this movement, La Torre left the city uncovered, when Bermudez, by a masterly march, threw himself in the rear of the royal army, entered the city in triumph, of which he made himself completely master, to the great joy of the inhabitants-It is further stated that La guira subsequently fell into the hands of the independents,and that, according to the latest accounts, the patriot flag floated all along the coast-such is the sum of the intelligence which has reached us. We trust it may turn out to be correct, and what is related respecting gen. Bermudez rather inclines us to believe it true, as we have reason to know, that at the period of the armistice in November last, Bermudez, who is a native of Caraccas and is highly esteemed there, had a secret understandding with the inhabitants, and was about to take the city by surprise when the suspension of hostilities put a stop to the enterprize.-It is but natural that this project would be the first thing to engage his attention on the renewal of the wars-Most likely it came within the plan of the campaign ably conceived no doubt by the president.

Gen Morales, with the royal army, was gone against Bolivar, who was in the interior; there were no troops left in Caraccas-Gen. Bermudez had about 1000 men with him.

"It is incontestible that the present ministers gave a strong proof of their patriotism in accepting their stations. As for myself I may say that I consider it as beyond the danger of dying on the gallows, the fate to which I have been already exposed by my adherence to liberal principles. The entire removal of all the former ministers, all men distinguished by their patriotism, their lights, and their public services, and our spontaneous nomina. tion to succeed then, are certainly fearful things for us-but the testimony of our conscience allay Cora had declared for the patriots, and many of our apprehensions; we venture to rely upon our the inhabitants favorable to the royal cause, arriv. honor, our candor, and our firmness. As to oured at Porto Cavello about the same time as the fupolitical principles, and our adherence to the consti- gitives from Laguira. tutional system, without referring to the proofs we have already given, we now swear anew, rather to bury ourselves under the constitutional edifice, than to allow the smallest stone to be detached from it.

"I must remark that all the conspiracies against

The fact of the fall of Caraccas and Laguira is amply confirmed by arrivals at Philadelphia and New York, from Porto Cabello, &c. A fleet of 30 vessels, under convoy of a frigate and two flecheras, had arrived at Porto Cabello, filled with people

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