province, or the greater part of them thereunto to be called, and in such form, and when and as often as he or they, in his or their discretion, shall think fit and best. And these laws must all men, for the time being, that do live within the limits of the said province observe; whether they be bound to sea, or from thence returning to England, or any other of our dominions, or any other place appointed, upon such imposition, penalties, imprisonments, or restraint; and if it behoveth, and the quality of the offence requireth, either upon the body or death itself, to be executed by the said James Earl of Carlise, and his heirs; or by his or their deputy, judges, magistrates, officers, and ministers, according to the tenure and true meaning of these presents, in what case soever; and with such power as to him, the said James Earl of Carlisle, or his heirs, shall deem best. And to dispose of all offences or riots whatsoever, either by sea or land, whether before judgment received, or after remitted, freed, pardoned or forgiven. And to do and perform all and every thing or things; which, to the fulfilling of justice, courts, or manner of proceeding, in their tribunals may or doth belong or appertain, although express mention of them in these presents be not made; yet we have granted full power, by virtue of these presents, them to be made; which laws so absolutely proclaimed, and by strength of right supported, as they are granted, we will enjoin, charge and command, all and every subject and liege people of us, our beirs and successors, as far as them they do concern, inviolably to keep and observe under the pains therein expressed; so as, notwithstanding, the aforesaid laws be agreable, and not repugnant unto reason; nor against, but as convenient and agreeable as may be to the laws, statutes, customs and rights, of our kingdom of England.'

And because in the government of so great a province oftentimes sudden occasions do fall out, to which it shall be needful to apply a remedy before the free inhabitants of the said province can be called; and for that it shall not always be needful, in such cases, that all the people be called together; we will and ordain, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, have granted to the said James Earl of Carlisle, and his heirs, that he by himself, or his magistrates and officers, in that case lawfully pre. ferred, may make decrees and ordinances both fit and pro: fitable from time to time, that they may be esteemed, kept and observed, within the said province, as well for keeping the peace as for the better government of the people there living, so that they may be publicly known to all whom they do concern. Which ordinances we will, within the said provinces, inviolably to be kept, upon pain in them expressed; so that these laws be agreeable to reason, and not repugnant nor against it, but, as far as may be, agreeable to the laws and statutes of our kingdom of England; and so that those laws extend not to the hurt or discommodity of any person or persons, either to the binding, constraining, barthening, or taking away, either their liberty, goods, or chattels,"

'We also of our princely grace, for us, our heirs and successors, will straightly charge, make and ordain, that the said province be of our allegiance; and all and every subject and liege people of us, our heirs, and successors, brought or to be brought, and their children, whether then subjects of us, our heirs and successors, and be as free as they who were born in England, and so their inheritance within our kingdom of England or other of our dominions, to seek, receive, take, hold, buy and possess, and use and enjoy them as their own; and to give, sell, alien and bequeath them at their pleasure: and also freely, quietly, and peaceably, to have and possess all the liberties, franchises and privileges of this kingdom and them to enjoy as liege people of England, whether born or to be born, without impediment, molestation, vexation, injury or trou. ble of us, our heirs and successors; any act or statute to the contrary notwithstanding.'

born, or afterwards to be born, become natives and

Charles soon forgot that he had ever made this grant to Lord Carlisle, and in February 1628, being much pressed by the earl of Pembroke, the unfortunate monarch made over Barbadoes to his Lord Chamberlain, the Earl of Pembroke, in trust for Sir Wm. Courteen, who, really for his zealous energy, deserved to have had the island bestowed on him in the first instance. Scarcely had this grant been made when the Earl of Carlisle returned from a foreign embassy, and to appease his lordship's resentment at the breach of faith evinced towards him, the irresolute monarch revoked the charter or patent, granted to the Earl of Pembroke, and restored the proprietary rights to his favourite, Carlisle. The proceedings just mentioned

had the good effect of stimulating the Earl to improve the territory bestowed on him, he contracted with a company of London merchants for a grant of 10,000 acres of land, on condition of receiving from each settler forty pounds of cotton annually, and the privilege of nominating a governor, or chief. Wolferstone, a native of Bermuda, was commissioned by the Earl of Carlisle as governor, with the power of GovernorCommander-in-Chief and Captain, to do justice, decide controversies, keep his Majesty's peace, and punish offenders, according to the laws of England and the nature of their crimes. Sixty-four settlers (each entitled on landing to 100 acres of land) arrived in Carlisle Bay 25th of July, 1628, commenced the erection of wooden houses, threw a bridge across the river which intersected the ground, and laid the foundation for Bridgetown, the present capital. The Earl of Pembroke's men, who were settled on the leeward of the island, refused to obey the windward, or Carlisle Bay Settlers. Arms were ultimately had recourse to, the windward men triumphed, and while the latter were asserting their right of jurisdiction in Barbadoes, the Earl of Carlisle had a new royal patent, made out in England, confirming in the most explicit and unequivocal manner the former grant. Sir Wm. Tufton was appointed Governor - Commander-inChief, in February, 1629. A military force was sent out to keep the leeward men quiet. A council of twelve settlers, appointed to assist the Governor in holding a Courts General Sessions of the Peace, laws were enacted suitable to an infant settlement, and the cultivated or occupied parts of the isle divided into six parishes, viz. Christ Church, St. Michael, St. James, St. Thomas, St. Peter, and St. Lucy.

In 1645 the island, under the prudent rule of Mr. Bell, was divided into four parishes, (George's, Philips,' John's, and Andrews, were added to the before-mentioned) a church built in each, and an officiating minister appointed. A general assembly was instituted, composed of two deputies elected in each parish from the majority of freeholders. The island was divided into four circuits, in each of which a court of law was constituted defensive fortifications erected around the isle-the militia constituted a

formidable force of 10,000 infantry and 1000 cavalry the total population of the island had increased to 150,000 persons of all colours and sexes, and the value of property was quadrupled in seven years. This prosperity was not owing to sugar culture, for Ligon who visited the island in 1647, says, that the plantation of the cane had only then recently begun; but it would appear that Barbadoes carried on an unrestricted foreign intercourse with Holland and other countries. The number of slaves in the island at this period is not on record, yet here, as elsewhere, the evils of the system were early felt, for in 1649 a formidable insurrection took place at Barbadoes, and a general day was appointed for the massacre of all the white inhabitants. The plot was discovered by a negro, in gratitude to his master, the day before its contemplated execution, and twenty-eight of the leading negroes were gibbeted, according to the custom of the times.

In 1650, Lord Carlisle, (the son of the first patentee), hearing much of the wealth of the island, which he considered patrimonial property, and desirous of reaping some advantages from the same, executed a lease to Francis Lord Willoughby, of Parham, an active royalist officer, conveying to his Lordship all his right and title to the colony for 21 years, upon condition that the profits arising from

wick, Pres.; 1733, J. Dotin, do.; 1733, Scroop Lord Viscount Howe, Gov.; 1735, J. Dotin, Pres.; 1739, Hon. R. Byng, Gov.; 1740, J. Dotin, Pres.; 1742, Sir T. Robinson, Gov.; 1747, Hon. Henry Grenville, do.; 1753, R. Weeks, Pres.; 1756, C. Pinfold, Gov. ; 1766, S. Rous, Pres.; 1768, W. Spry, Gov.; 1772, S. Rous, Pres.; 1773, Hon. E. Hay, Gov.; 1779, J. Dotin, Pres.; 1780, J. Cunningham, Gov.; 1783, J. Dotin, Pres.; 1784, D. Parry, Gov.; 1790, H. Frere, Pr.; 1791, D. Parry, Gr.; 1793, W. Bishop, Pr.; 1794, G.P. Ricketts, Gov. 1800, W. Bishop, Pr; 1801, Francis Humberstone, Lord Seaforth, Gr.; 1803, J. Ince, Pr.; 1804, F. H. Lord Seafoth, Gr. 1806, J. Spooner, Pr.; 1810, Sir G. Beckwith, K. B. Gr.; 1814, J. Spooner, Gr.; 1815, Sir J. Leith, K. B. Gr. 1816, J. Spooner, Pr.; 1816, Sir J. Leith, Gr.; 1817, J. F. Alleyne, Pr.; 1817, Stapleton Lord Combermere, G. C. B. Gr.; 1817, J. F. Alleyne, Pr.; 1817, S. Lord Combermere, Gr.; 1820, J. B. Skeete, Pr. 1821, S. Hinds, do.; 1821, Sir H. Warde, K. C. B. Gr.; 1825, J. B. Skeete, Pr.; 1826, Sir H. Warde, Gr.; 1827, J. B. Skete, Pr.; 1829, Sir J. Lyon, K.C.B., Gr.; 1829, J. B. Skeete, Pr.; 1829, Sir J. Lyon, Gr. ; 1832, Sir L. Smith, do. 1836, Sir E. J. Mc Gregor.

III. Barbadoes, although generally level, except in the N. E. quarter, called Scotland (which is about 1,100 feet above the sea) has a very beautiful appear. ance, owing to its extent of cultivation, and sloping fields or terraces. In some deep vallies there are the remains of the primitive forests which formerly covered the whole island. The base of the island is calcareous rock, formed of madrepores, and other marine concretions, and is probably of volcanic origin, like the greater number of surrounding isles. Bridgetown the capital extends along the shores of the beautiful Bay of Carlisle for nearly two miles in length and half a mile broad, with about 20,000 houses. The handsome and spacious barracks of St. Ann's with their fine parade, are at the southern extremity of the town. The square, with Nelson's statue, is well laid out, and many of the houses are handsome. The Government-house, called Pilgrim, is about half a mile from Bridge-town. The fort of St. Anne, though small, is capable of making a good defence; it contains several excellent magazines stored with ammunition, and an armoury, with many thousand stand of arms in perfect order. The soil varies much; in some districts it is sandy and light, in others a rich black earth, and in several places spongy. Here and there is found a red clay of considerable depth, and the light whitish earth broken into a grey mould, or hardened into lumps resemble chalk, but actually consist of indurated argillæ, by exposure to the weather.

IV. Owing to the flatness of the island, leaving it open to the sea-breeze, and its extensive cultivation, Barbadoes is peculiarly healthy; and the details given of the range of the thermometer, &c., under St. Vincent will, with some modifications, answer for Barbadoes.

The returns under the section on climate in Jamaica shew the mortality of the troops on that island; the following document, drawn up by Deputy InspectorGeneral of Army Hospitals, Henry Marshall, Esq., will also to some extent indicate the climate of Barbadoes and the Windward islands.

Strength of the British army serving in the Windward and Leeward islands, from 1796 till 1805, and from 1810 to 1828 inclusive, together with the annual centesimal ratio of mortality from 1796 till 1828, being a period of 33 years.

Centesimal ratio of mortality among the troops in the Windward and Leeward islands in the different months of the year, for a period of ten years, or from 1796 to 1805 inclusive. January,-deaths, 1,614; centesimal ratio of deaths, 6.5. February,—D. 1,197, C. R. 4.8. March,-D. 1,036, C. R. 4:2. April,— D. 1,429, C. R. 5:7. May,-D. 1,459, C. R. 5:9. June,-D. 1,724, C.R. 6:9. July,-D. 2,253, C.R. 8:7. August,-D. 2,991, R. C. 11:9. September,-D. 2,826, C. R. 11:4. October,-D. 3,279, C. R. 13:3. November,-D. 2,712, C. R. 10:9. December,-D. 2,402, C. R. 9:7. Total D. 24,916. Total C. R. 100:0.

According to the above, March is the healthiest, and October the most unhealthy month of the year in the Windward and Leeward Island command, which comprehends the islands of Barbadoes, Trinidad, Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Dominica, Antigua, St. Christopher, the Bahamas, Guyana on the continent, and all the other tropical British possessions in the West Indies and Continent of South America, except the island of Jamaica and the settlement of Honduras, which form a separate command. The troops in the Bermuda Islands, which lie in about 330 N. latitude, report to the commander of the forces in Lower Canada.

V. The inhabitants of this colony rapidly increased from its first settlement. In 1676, Barbadoes, on 100,000 acres, contained 70,000 whites and 80,000 blacks: total 150,000 souls. This great population was effected by granting out land, in lots of 10 acres each, to poor settlers and white servants who had