Prices of Harvest Produce in Montreal District in 1836.-Wheat, per bush. 5s. to 88. 4d.; barley, 38. 4d. to 4s. 8d.; oats, 28. to 3s.; pease, 4s. 2d. to 5s. 6d. ; rye, 4s. to 58 6d.; Indian corn, 4s. to 5s. 6d.; potatoes, 1s. 6d. to 2s.; turnips, 1s. 3d. to 1s. 6d.; hay, 21. to 31. per ton; straw, 158. to 258. per ton.

The following shews the land granted in Lower Canada in 1836; acres, 94,484,-of which 39,209 were gratuitous, and the remainder by purchase. The total number of acres in the Colony granted, is 3,129,544-including two grants in Murray Bay of three leagues each, and two tracts in Chaleur Bay, contents unknown. Remaining to be granted as surveyed, 4,074,862, independent of vast tracts not yet surveyed. [B. B. 1836.]

[B. B. 1836.] Fisheries.-Description of fish, and value in sterling money: Codfish, 107,060 cwt., 71,1321.; Salmon, Nature and Value of Property annually created in 141 tierces, 137 barrels, 124 half-barrels, 1,1721.; Lower Canada, and if not consumed turned into movePickled fish, 11,196 barrels, 20 half-barrels, 46 boxes, able property.—Wheat, 3,404,756 bushels at 5s. per 7,2741.; Codsounds, 72 kegs, 261.; Fish oil, 26,200 bushel, 851,6891.; Oats, 3,432,274 bushels at 2s., gallons, 2,2541.; total, 81,858. The above quanti- 314,2271.; Barley, 394,795 bushels at 4s., 78,9587.; ties imported from Quebec, Gaspé, North Carlisle, Buck Wheat, 106,050 bushels, at 48., 21,0201.; Inand the Magdalen Islands. Codfish, 93,467 cwt., dian Corn, 339,633 bushels, at 4s., 67,8661.; Rye, Cod oil, 37,162 gal., whale oil, 19,360 gal. 74,4147..234,529 bushels at 38., 35,179.; Peas, 984,758 This is the gross produce of the fisheries in the county bushels at 4s., 196,9517.; Potatoes, 7,357,416 bushels of Gaspé, a part of which is exported, and the remain- at 1s. 6d., 551,8067.; Animal Food, 600,000 mouths der consumed in the provinces. Codfish, 7,075 cwt. 30 lbs. each yearly, at 4d. per lb. 300,000l.; Fish, 5,0461.; Salmon, 2 barrels 61.; Pickled fish, 10,596 fresh and salt, 600,000 mouths, ditto, at 2d. per lb., barrels, 6,6461.; Fish oil, 5,760 gal. 5121.; total, 150,000l.; Butter, Cheese, Milk and Eggs, 600,000 86,6241. Gross produce of the fisheries at the Mag- mouths at 2d. each daily, 50,000l.; Indispensable madalen Islands. [B. B. 1836.] nufactures, &c. Spirits, Soap, Candles, Linen, Woollens, Shoes, Clothing, &c. 51. for each person, 3,000,000l.; Luxuries, not before-mentioned, as food and drink, furniture, and apparel worn, &c. &c. 54. each, 3,000,000l.; Income from trade, &c., Surplus beyond immediate consumption for necessaries, 101. each person averaging, 6,000,000l.; Timber and Ashes, consumed at home, and exported, at least, 1,000,000l.; Value of Commerce not before given, including the coasting and maritime trade, at least, 1,500,000l.; Wasted annually, by shipwreck, fire, bad seasons, improvidence, &c., 250,000l.: total annually created, 17,417,6961.

Horned cattle, sheep, swine, &c. multiply with astonishing rapidity, and the European breeds seem improved on being transplanted to the American continent. The quantity of fish caught in the river and gulf of St. Lawrence, and in other streams is very great, and the consumption of this diet considerable in consequence of the tenets of the Roman Catholic faith. Fish oil is becoming an extensive article of export, as are also hides and horns. The peltry or fur trade (see Hudson's Bay Territory chapter) has its outlet from the N. W. territories through Lower Canada. I hope to see ere long, tobacco, hemp, wool, wax, rape and other oils among the staple products of this fine colony.

Nature and Value of Moveable Property.—Horses, 116,686, at 101. each, 1,116,860l.; Neat Cattle, The Montreal district made in 1837 the following 389,706, at 51. each, 1,948,530l.; Sheep, 543,343, at return for 1836. [B. B. L. C. 1836.] 11. each, 543,3434.; Swine, 295, 137, at 11. each, Crops. Wheat, 20,000 acres; barley, 2,000 ditto; 295, 1371.; Poultry, may be valued at least, 150,000l.; oats, 10,000 do.; peas, 5,000 do. ; rye, 50 do.; In-House furniture, 83,000 houses at an average of 201. dian corn, 200 do.; potatoes, 4,000 do.; turnips, 50 do.; meadow, 20,000 do.; pasture, 30,000 do. ; total in crop, 61,300 do.; uncultivated, 15,000 do. Horses, 6,500; horned cattle, 16,000; sheep, 15,000.

Produce.-Wheat, 160,000 bushels; barley, 30,000 do.; oats, 150,000 do.; pease, 60,000 do.; rye, 600 do.; Indian corn, 2,000 do.; potatoes, 400,000 do.; turnips, 5,000do; hay, 28,000 tons; straw, 30,000 do. The following prices of provisions and wages of labour in Lower Canada for 1836, were transmitted to the Colonial Office in 1837. Four months of the year are given on account of the variety of the seaHorned cattle, 57. 108.; horses, 12. 10s.; sheep, 10s.; swine, 27. 10s.; milk, per gal. 8d.; butter (fresh), per lb. 1s.; butter (salt), per lb. 1s. 8d.; cheese, per lb. 6d. ; wheaten bread, per 6 lb. 9d.; beef, per 100 lbs. 17. 10s.; mutton per lb. 34d.; pork, per 100 lbs. 11. 158.

sons.

Wages for Labour.-Prædial, 187. per annum, with board and lodging. Day labourers employed at farmwork in spring, summer and harvest, obtain from 28. to 4s. per day, without food. Females from 1s. to 23. per day.

a house, 1,860,000l.; Clothing and Equipage, 600,000 persons at an average of 101. each, 6,000,000l.; Machinery, and Farming Implements, 1,500,000l.; Bullion, or Gold and Silver Money; at least in money and plate, 1,000,000l.; Ships, Boats, Timber, and Merchandize; the Timber is almost incalculable; altogether at the very least, 20,000,000l. Total, 34,413,870l.

Nature and Value of Immoveable Property.-Houses, 83,000 at 15l. each, 1,245,000l.; Land improved in culture, 2,065,913 acres, at 51. per acre, 10,329,6657.; Land occupied, not in culture, 3,981,793 acres at 11., 3,981,7931.; Lands not granted and waste, of 120,000,000 acres at least, fit for cultivation, 30,000,000 at 5s., 7,500,000l.; Streets, Roads, Canals, Dykes, &c., the extent of roads is great, public and private, a low estimate, 1,500,000l.; Forts, Gaols, Churches, Public Buildings, a great deal of money has thus been expended by the French and English, 1,500,000l.; Manufactories, Stores, Iron Mines and Quarries, 500,000l. Total, 26,556,3851. Grand total, Annually created, Moveable and Immoveable, 78,387,9241.

BOOK III.-POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA.

CHAPTER II.-UPPER CANADA.

The lakes of Upper Canada are very numerous, a few of those best known are as follow:(For descriptions, see Colonial Library, 2nd Edition, Vol. I.)

* These statements are the nearest approximations we possess to truth.

the same direction as Point Frederick. It is crowned by a fort built on the extremity of the ridge, and oc

of Canada. The dock-yard store-houses, slips for building ships of war, naval barracks, wharfs, &c., are on an extensive scale; during the war a first rate (the St. Lawrence) carrying 102 guns was built here, and in case of emergency, a formidable fleet could in a very brief period be equipped at Kingston in defence of British interests or honour.

Toronto, formerly called York, but now restored to its native name, (Lat. 43.39 N. Long. 79.36 W.) is the infant capital of Upper Canada, delightfully situ-cupying the highest point of any grouud in this part ate in the township of York, near the head of Lake Ontario, on the north side of an excellent harbour or an elliptical basin of an area of eight or nine miles, formed by a long, low sandy peninsula or island, stretching from the land east of the town to Gibraltar Point, abreast of a good fort. The town is laid out at right angles, with long and spacious streets, (King Street, the great thorough fare is half a mile long), the side paths well flagged, and some of the streets macadamized. It contains the principal buildings and public offices of the province, viz. the Parliament House and Government offices, Government House, the College of Upper Canada, the Hospital, Court House, Gaol, Protestant, Scotch and Roman places of worship, and several Meeting Houses, the Upper Canada Bank, Law Society Hall, the Barracks, &c. Official return of the population of the City and Liberties of Toronto, taken by the assessors in May and June,

1835.

The population is now about 15,000, composed of English, Irish, Scotch, native born Upper Canadians and a very few French Canadians. Little more than 30 years ago, the site whereon York now stands, and the whole country to the north and west of it was a perfect wilderness-the land is now fast clearingthickly settled by a robust and industrious European, and European descended population, blessed with health and competence, and on all sides indicating the rapid progress of civilization. The other British town of importance on this shore is—

Kingston, next to Quebec and Halifax, is the strongest British post in America, and, next to Quebec and Montreal, the first in commercial importance, and has rapidly risen of late years, by becoming, through the means of the Rideau Canal, the main entrepot between the trade of the lower province and all the settlements on the great lakes to the westward, and with the measures now in progress to render the St. Lawrence navigable between Montreal and Lake Ontario, it may be expected to increase yet more rapidly; in 1828, its population amounted to 3,528; in 1834, to near 6,000.

The Rideau Canal.-This far-famed undertaking, which is not properly speaking a canal, but rather a succession of raised waters by means of dams, with natural lakes interspersed, commences at Entrance Bay, a small bay in the Ottawa, 128 miles from Montreal, and 150 from Kingston, in latitude N. 45.30. longitude W. 76.50.-about a mile below the Falls of Chaudiere, and one and a half mile above the point where the Rideau River falls into the Ottawa. From Entrance Bay the canal is entered by eight locks; it then passes through a natural gully, crosses Dow's Swamp (which is flooded by means of a mound), crosses Peter's gully by means of an aqueduct, and joins the Rideau River at the Hog's Back, about six miles from Entrance Bay. At the Hog's Back there is a dam 45 feet high and 400 long, which, by throwing back the river, converts about seven miles of rapids into still navigable water. The canal rises into the river by means of a lock. A series of locks and dams now commence with occasional embankments.

There is a dam and lock at the Black Rapids (138 miles from Montreal); a dam, three locks, and two embankments at Long Island Rapids, which render the river navigable for 24 miles, to Barret's Rapids, 167 miles from Montreal; eight dams and 14 locks bring the canal to Olive's Ferry, 210 miles from Montreal, where the Rideau Lake contracts to 463 feet wide, and a ferry connects the road between Perth and Brockville. At the Upper Narrows, 16 miles further, the Rideau Lake contracts again to about 80 feet across, over which a dam is thrown, with a lock of four feet lift, forming the Upper Rideau Lake into a summit pond of 291 feet above Entrance Bay, in the Ottawa; six miles further is the isthmus which separates the Upper Rideau Lake from Mud Lake, the source of the river Cataraqui. The canal is cut through this isthmus, which is one and a half mile wide; five miles advancing is the isthmus Clear Lake, 330 feet across, through which a cut is made to avoid the rapids of the natural channel.

Kingston, (distant from Toronto 184 and from Montreal 189 miles) in Lat. 44.8. Long. 76.40. W. is advantageously situate on the north bank of Lake Ontario at the head of the river St. Lawrence, and is separated by Points Frederick and Henry by a bay which extends a considerable distance to the N. W. beyond the town, where it receives the waters of a river which flows from the interior. Point Frederick is a long narrow peninsula, extending about half a mile into the lake in a S. E. direction, distant from Kingston about three quarters of a mile on the opposite side of its bay. This peninsula forms the west side of a narrow and deep inlet called Navy Bay, from its being the chief harbour of our navy on Lake On-level of Kingston Harbour, and about eight miles long. tario. The extremity of the point has a strong battery, and there is a dock-yard with store-houses, &c.

Point Henry, forming the east side of Navy Bay, is a high narrow rocky ridge, extending into the lake in

To Cranberry Marsh, 17 miles from Isthmus Clear Lake (the last station adverted to), 255 miles from Montreal and 23 from Kingston, there are three dams and six locks. The Marsh is about 78 feet above the

Besides flowing into the Cataraqui River, the waters of this marsh or lake burst out at White Fish Fall, and flow into the Gananoqui River, which is the waste weir for regulating the level of the water in the