the book, the monograph on Lincoln, an appreciation that may well rank with Mr. John Drinkwater's masterly drama.

American educationists, economists, and scholars are dealt with adequately; and a particularly interesting section is that on the English language in America where the writer gives abundant proof and illustration of his contention that the roots of American speech lie deep in history, and that, lack of uniformity in English being common to both America and Britain, not one but several standards of correctness should be recognized. Lack of space forbids more than passing reference to the chapters on American writings in German, French, and Yiddish ; and also to the aboriginal, or Amerind, writings, a subject closely allied to western ethnology. Almost one half of the fourth volume is devoted to exhaustive bibliographies which enhance the value of this important contribution to literary history.

A TREATISE ON SECONDARY EDUCATION.
Principles of Secondary Education.

By Prof. A. INGLIS. (IOS. 6d. net. Harrap.)

The Americans have the advantage of us when it comes to publishing a treatise on secondary education-they have such a wide circle to appeal to. Most Englishmen do not realize the extent of the American secondary school system and its astonishingly rapid development. If one turns to Table XLVIII of Prof. Inglis's book, one finds that the number of pupils in public secondary schools in the United States in 1890-1 was 211,596, while in 1914-15 it was 1,328,984-in other words there has been an increase of over 500 per cent in a quarter of a century. We learn further that the change has not been confined to numbers. The new secondary school population differs in kind as well as in quantity. It used to be made up mostly of pupils preparing to go on to still higher education in college and university. Now it is made up of young people who go to the high school to get a preparation for all forms of economic and social life. The problems, therefore, facing American schoolmen are extremely complicated, so there is room even for the somewhat formidable volume now before us, with its 722 pages.

Prof. Inglis deals with his subject under the three heads (i.) The Pupils; (ii.) The Institution and its Purpose; (iii.) The Means and Material of Secondary Education. The first part, though very competently done, will not make the same appeal as the rest: it covers familiar ground. For English readers even the second part will not prove greatly attractive, though it includes a sympathetic treatment of our English lack of system in our secondary scheme. But the third part will make a very effective appeal to teachers all the world over, including our somewhat unenthusiastic selves. For such vital matters as the curriculum, and the relative functions of the various school subjects are treated in a fresh way, and with such wealth of detailed illustration that even the most experienced among us will find much to his advantage. The vocational arts are treated at some length, and English educationists will get a good deal of help in their own problems by studying what has happened in the United States; for it is clear that in many respects we are repeating on this side of the Atlantic what has happened on the other. Prof. Inglis is remarkably open-minded: the case he presents is an excellent one: above all, he puts his data before his readers in such a way that they can in every case come to their own conclusions.

CLASSICS.

Lucreti, De Rervm Natura. Libri Sex. Recognovit Brevique

Adnotatione Instruxit Cyrillus Bailey. Editio Altera. (Paper Cover, 4s. net. Cloth, 5s. net. India paper, 7s. 6d. net. Clarendon Press.)

During the twenty-three years which have elapsed since Mr. Bailey first edited "Lucretius " for the Oxford texts much new light has been thrown on the author by the labours of other scholars, and it was right that the Oxford text should be brought

up to date. In this edition nearly two hundred changes of reading have been made, of which over half are in favour of With the Codex Leidensis so ably championed by Lachmann. this new text in our hands we can justly pride ourselves upon the fact that English scholarship is keeping its high traditions inviolate.

EDUCATION.

The English Citizen: His Life and Duty. By the late C. H. WYATT. New and Revised Edition. (3s. Macmillan.) During the years 1893-1907 the late Mr. C. H. Wyatt's valuable text-book of citizenship was six times reprinted, with minor revisions. The immense changes in both the Constitution and the Empire which have taken place since 1907 have necessitated a complete re-editing. Some skilful but anonymous hand has brought the statistics up to date, and has added information respecting the developments of the last fifteen years. Students will find all they need to know for ordinary purposes respecting both central and local government. The Child and His School: An Interpretation of Elementary Education as a Social Process. By GERtrude Hartman. ($3. Dutton, New York.)

"

The writer, or perhaps we should say the compiler, of this treatise first undertook, at the instance of the Bureau of Educational Experiments, New York, to produce a bibliography for the use of teachers conducting experimental work with reference to the curriculum of the elementary school. Fortunately, as we think, this original intention was altered, so that we have, not a mere list of books, but " a careful study of authoritative sources," suggesting a working hypothesis for experimental procedure.” What we like about the book is that it does stand for a philosophy of education in the best sense of that abused expression-philosophy, not as a remote standard of reference, or as an intellectual indulgence for a few, but as a method of approach, without which experimentation is apt to be aimless and empirical. Much of the experimental work now being done suffers, we fear, from the fundamental defect that it rests upon no considered theory of what education really means. This book points out the better way; and to those who know, it will be good news that the author's main debt is to John Dewey, who has probably done more than any other living person to show what education ought to mean in a democratic community. The painstaking bibliography of sources for subject-matter in elementary teaching, constituting Part III of the book, is directly intended for American teachers, but will be useful also to English teachers. We hope that an index will be provided when the second edition of the book is called for, as we feel sure it will be.

ENGLISH.

Eothen. By A. W. KINGSLAKE.

(2s. 6d. net. Methuen.)

"Eothen" rejoices in a diverting introduction, a worthy prelude to a charming book of travel. The notes, with one or two exceptions, are the author's original ones, and the extract from Warburton's The Crescent and the Cross," The Home of Lady Hester Stanhope," omitted from many editions, is here given as an appendix.

The Roman Fate: An Essay in Interpretation.

By W. E.

HEITLAND. (3s. net. Cambridge University Press.) This powerful and timely essay by the venerable Mr. W. E. Heitland should be read by all who are interested in the application of the lessons of history to the problems of modern politics. For some fifty years Mr. Heitland has lectured to successive generations of Cambridge men on the rise and the fall of the Roman dominion. In this essay he attempts an interpretation of the facts with which he is so intimately familiar. He does so in the spirit of Dr. Hodgkin and of Prof. Ferrero. Like them, he asks: What were the causes of the decay of this magnificent polity? What light do they throw upon the fate of the polities of to-day? Mr. Heitland's conclusions are optimistic. Great as are the perils of the present, the peoples of the world have their destinies in their own hands. keep a cheerful courage they and their civilization need not perish.

If they

The King's Treasuries of Literature. (IS. 9d. net. Dent.) Tales of Travel and Exploration. Edited by Dr. R. WILSON. (IS. 9d. net. Dent.) Modern Prose. Chosen and Arranged by G. N. Pocock. (IS. 9d. net. Dent.) Literature and Labour. An Anthology of Effort. Edited by Dr. R. WILSON. (IS. 9d. net. Dent.)

This series under the general editorship of Sir A. T. QuillerCouch, is of increasing worth to schools, especially to their

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Bell's Mathematical Series for Schools and Colleges.-A Short Course in Commercial Arithmetic and Accounts. By A. R. PALMER. 2s. 6d.)

The greater part of the contents of this book differ in no respect from any ordinary text-book on arithmetic, only some thirty pages being devoted to purely commercial topics, such as the method of keeping books of account. As an introduction to arithmetic it is excellent, the very complete and careful explanations of the fundamental processes being specially worthy of commendation.

Bell's Mathematical Series for Schools and Colleges.-Plane Geometry: Practical and Theoretical, Pari Passu. By V. LE NEVE FOSTER. Vols. I and II. (3s. each.) Amongst the many geometries on modern lines which have recently appeared this deserves a high place. The question as to whether the writer is entirely justified in assuming without formal proof certain fundamental propositions may be left aside; he can plead excellent authority for the course he has taken. He retains thirty-seven propositions, and they contain the essence of the first six books of Euclid. The matter is exceedingly well arranged. A typical section contains propositions with discussion and explanation, followed by exercises on drawing, calculation, and finally riders. Then various exercises are carefully graduated in difficulty, and many are of a fresh and interesting character, such as the billiard table problems. Altogether the book gives the impression of having had an unusually large amount of care and thought bestowed upon its production.

MISCELLANEOUS.

God's Prodigal. By A. J. RUSSELL. (7s. 6d. net. Werner Laurie.) This novel by Mr. A. J. Russell, Madame Tetrazini's literary adviser in the writing of her Autobiography, at once captivated his publishers and will in all probability take by storm the reading public also. The hero is a convict who has escaped from Dartmoor, and for some months impersonates the rector of the church of Wimbledutton, about forty miles from London. The heroine is no other than the lady of the manor, the patroness of the living, a beautiful and saintly girl on whose nomination the supposed ex-missionary has returned from the wilds of Africa to take up work in England. Both are possessed of a double nature; in him the Mr. Hyde and the Dr. Jekyll alternately hold sway; in her, though his identity is long hidden from her, his magnetism revives the prankishness of early girlhood, which her subsequent dedication to religious and social duties would seem for ever to have dissipated. The plot is thrillingly sensational and absurdly improbable, yet so intensely exciting are its situations, the book is not easily laid down. The thoughtful reader, however, will find in the characters much that is deeply moving and profoundly arresting. Love and duty seem to be at irreconcilable variance, till both are merged in exalted and genuine human service. "God's Prodigal" is not on the high level of Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter," but there is not a little in common in the heart-searchings which each depicts. We predict for this first venture of a new novelist rapid and wide popularity.

Leif and Thorkel: Two Norse Boys of Long Ago. By G. SNEDden. (5s. net. Harrap.)

Was it not Leslie Stephen who spoke of the estimable Becker's Gallus " as an attempt to empty the contents of a classical dictionary into the covers of a work of fiction? He would have made a somewhat similar criticism of this story of Norse life of a thousand years ago. It is a construction rather than a creation. The style, too, is lacking in charm or distinction. Yet this book certainly has the merits of its kind, and it is well worth putting into the School Library for the detail it supplies of those adventurous people-their raids, combats, even their early voyaging to America-of whom all children love to hear. If Summer Don't. By BARRY PAIN. (IS. 6d. net. Werner Laurie.)

It is eighteen pence well invested to buy the latest Barry Pain. You may or may not have read the novel it parodies; that is of little account, for "If Summer Don't" is in itself a feast of delightful foolery. Yet, in the point of publication as a serial, the original already lags behind; and-awful thought

perhaps the parody will eclipse the "best seller" in the eyes of posterity. For however Mr. Hutchinson's book may be viewed, Barry Pain's humour, piquant, racy of the soil, makes his little skit perfect of its kind.

When I was a Boy in China. By YAN PHOU LEE. (3s. 6d. net. Harrap.)

A thoroughly readable account of Chinese life: suitable for the School Library, and very useful as an adjunct to Geography lessons on China. MODERN LANGUAGES.

Harrap's Modern Language Series.

La France et sa Civilisation de la Révolution à Nos Jours. By Prof. R. LANSON and Prof. J. DESSEIGNET. (5s. net. Harrap.) A happy conception, well carried out. The book affords, in a succinct form, an account of the political, social, and intellectual life of France since the Revolution, well planned and clearly paragraphed. It provides just the necessary background for the serious student of modern French, and can be warmly recommended to a wide circle of readers, for it is suitable for the school pupil taking an advanced course in French, for the University student, and indeed for any who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex mentality of the French and the organization of their public life. The treatment of some of the many aspects of French civilization is necessarily very much condensed; and the authors have done well to supply a good bibliography. The book forms a valuable complement to such a guide to the more concrete features of French life as Guibillon's "La France."

MUSIC.

The Sonata, its Form and Meaning, as exemplified in the Piano Sonatas of Mozart: A Descriptive Analysis. By F. H. MARKS. (IOS. 6d. Reeves.)

"Mozart was gifted with an extraordinary and hitherto unsurpassed instinct for formal perfection, and his highest achievements lie not more in the tunes which have so captivated the world, than in the perfect symmetry of his best works. In his time these formal outlines were fresh enough to bear a great deal of use without losing their sweetness, and Mozart used them with remarkable regularity." Thus writes Sir Hubert Parry in Groves' Dictionary, and Miss Marks has given us a very carefully thought-out analysis of the Piano Sonatas, indeed it is a notable contribution to musical literature the more welcome in these days when "Freedom" is the Gospel so widely preached in the Art of Musical Composition. In an Introductory chapter the author sets out with admirable clearness tables with full explanations of normal forms, and thereafter applying these principles to a close analysis of each Sonata in turn, draws attention to a host of interesting details which make Mozart's music such a fascinating study. Miss Marks not only has the courage to state her own convictions, but gives also the theories of earlier writers, comparing the divergent views held on the same subject by different analysts. This is not an elementary treatise, but one which should find a place on the bookshelf of every earnest student and teacher. A comparative table of the various editions, with their respective modes of numbering, is included in the book.

A Musical Pilgrim's Progress. By J. D. M. RORKE. (4s. 6d. net. Milford: Oxford University Press.)

To read this book is to experience that thrill which the redoubtable Don Quixote must have felt when setting forth on his knightly adventures. This is no text-book (what a delight), but an account of the author's experiences in his quest of the beautiful in music-how he satisfied his soul's longing—and a challenge to other music lovers to follow in his steps. The writing is quite devoid of technicalities but the author's delightful style compels us to share in his enthusiasms, and makes one almost envy him, who knowing so little of the Art of Music, came to love it so much.

PHILOSOPHY.

Logic. Part I. By W. E. JOHNSON. (16s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

Logic.

Part II. Demonstrative Inference: Deductive and Inductive. By W. E. JOHNSON. (14s. net. Cambridge University Press.)

The publication of Mr. Johnson's "Logic" is a philosophical event of high importance. The work when completed will comprise four parts, of which the first two are at present before us. While these two volumes are not easy reading, they are fascinating in their precision, profundity, and scope. Although no attempt can be here made to discuss or even to summarize so rich a body of ideas, yet certain of the more outstanding

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