through Thomas Randall's land, called the Sailors' Snug Harbor, to meet the Bowery, and the hills levelled and carted into Fresh Water pond (now Canal street), which to this time was the northern limit of this street, and far beyond the settled parts of the city. The total valuation of real estate in the city was $21,964,037. A City Hall was voted to be erected, and after much doubt and hesitation, the sum of $250,000 was devoted to the object, and contracts were entered into, and the foundation stone was laid September 20th, 1803, with due ceremony, by Edward Livingston, Mayor, and by the corporation, though the prevalence of an epidemic in some measure damped the ardor of the citizens. In 1804, July 11, the duel between Colonel Burr and General Hamilton occurred, in which the latter was mortally wounded, and died the next day to the great grief of the citizens. Colonel Burr after this event fled as a fugitive to France, and after many years returned to the United States, to be neglected. December 18th a great fire destroyed 40 stores and dwellings, 15 on Wall street, 17 on Front street, and eight on Water street, with a loss of between one and two millions of dollars. It was supposed to be the work of incendiaries. In 1805 the New York Free School was incorporated. The upper part of Broadway was regulated and paved. The yellow fever prevailed in the summer, and 280 persons died. The inhabitants of the city numbered 75,770, one third of whom left their dwellings. In 1806 the first successful attempt at navigation by steamboats by Fulton and Livingston took place on Hudson river. In 1809 the Historical Society was established. In 1811 a great fire in Chatham street consumed from 80 to 100 houses. The Brick Church and the jail narrowly escaped. July 4th the Corporation met in the new City Hall, in the Mayor's room. In 1812 the old City Hall in Wall street was ordered to be sold, and the new City Hall was finished. June 20th war was declared with Great Britain. November 12, the Brooklyn Fulton ferry was leased to Robert Fulton for $4,000 per annum for seven years, upon condition of establishing new steamboats upon it. In August an experiment was made with gas lights in the Park. In 1814 there were 3,212 free holders; owners of personal estate over $150, 5,612; tenants, 13,804; jurors, 4,138; aliens, 3,495; slaves, 976. The population was 92,448,

which was less by 2,312 than in 1810. The Literary and Philosophical Society was instituted. October 29, the steam frigate launched. The interments this year amounted to 1,794. In 1815 the news of peace with Great Britain was celebrated with great rejoicings. In 1816 the duties on merchandise imported amounted to $16,000,000. In July, 1817, the Erie canal was begun near Utica. In 1818 the public wharves, piers, docks and slips sold for one year for $42,750. In 1821 Mr. John Randall, Jr., finished his maps and surveys of the north part of the city and island, having been engaged in it, under the direction of the commissioners, for ten years, at a cost of $32,485. In January the harbor was closed by ice for the first time since 1780. The citizens crossed on the ice to Powles Hook, and some to Staten Island. The distance from Cortlandt street to the Jersey shore was found to be a few feet over a mile. In 1822, July, the yellow fever appeared, and most of the city south of the City Hall was vacated, and the infected district fenced in; 388 died of the fever. November 25, burials in Trinity churchyard discontinued. In 1823 interments were forbidden South of Canal street. Washington square formed and regulated. The New York Gas Light company incorporated. In 1824 1,600 houses were erected. In 1825 the Merchants' Exchange commenced in Wall street. The city was divided into 12 wards. May 11th gas pipes were laid on Broadway, from Canal street to the Battery, on both sides. October 26th the completion of the Erie canal was announced by the firing of cannon through the whole line, from Buffalo and back in 12 hours. November 4th the first canal boat arrived, and was greeted with great rejoicing. In 1827 the Merchants' Exchange was completed. In 1829 the American Institute in the city of New York was instituted. In 1832 the cholera swept off a great number of inhabitants. The whole number of deaths in July was 2,467, in August, 2,206; during the year, 10,359. In 1833 the number of pupils taught in the public schools was 6,140 boys, 4,320 girls, total, 10,460. In 1834 the number of inmates at the Almshouse at Bellevue in January was 2,011, of whom 1,051 were natives, and 960 foreigners. On the night of the 16th of December, 1835, occurred the great fire, which swept over between 30 and 40 acres of the most valuable part of the city, covered with stores and filled with rich

merchandise. The number of buildings burned was 648, and the amount of property destroyed was estimated by a committee appointed for the purpose at nearly $18,000,000. The Merchants' Exchange and the South Dutch Church were burned. It is proof of the great wealth of New-York that they were able to bear such a loss without feeling it more. Few failures resulted from it. The burnt district was immediately rebuilt, with additional convenience and beauty.

GOODRICH, AS ALTERED BY HASKEL, 1844.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES IN NEW YORK. The era of Congregationalism in New York dates from the formation of the present Broadway Tabernacle Church. Prior to that time there had existed in the city several feeble Congregational churches, some of which hardly lived long enough to have a history, or even a name. Most of these enterprises were frustrated by unforeseen circumstances, mainly in consequence of the extraordinary pecuniary embarrassments of the times, involving many of the leading Christian men of this city in ruin. Only one or two of this class remain. The Broadway Tabernacle Church was established on a firm basis, and for a time was the only strong and healthy Congregational church in New York. Its prosperity demonstrated the fact that Congregationalism could flourish on this soil; and awakened the numerous friends of this system of church polity, the sons of New England, residing in New York and Brooklyn, to the importance of having churches in which they could worship God after the manner of their fathers. Accordingly in the Winter of 1844 (January 29th) a number of gentlemen in Brooklyn, partly at the instance, and by the personal influence of Mr. Hale, formed the Church of the Pilgrims, and erected a substantial and imposing edifice of stone (at a cost of $65,000), on the corner of Henry and Remsen streets. To this enterprise Mr. Hale contributed $2,000. This church is free from debt, and in a highly flourishing condition, under the ministry of the Rev. R. S. Storrs, Jr.

On the 12th April, 1846, à church was organized in the upper part of the city of New York, under the name of the Church of the Puritans. It embraced several gentlemen of wealth and enterprise, who were warmly attached to Congregational principles, and who desired that those principles should be fitly represented in the midst of the prominent churches of this great metropolis. Rev. G. B. Cheever, D.D., was installed the pastor of this church, soon after its organization, and a site was procured on Union Place, where an elegant edifice of marble was erected, at a cost of about $55,000, which was entirely paid for by subscription. In this enterprise Mr. Hale felt a deep interest, and indeed, he did much to originate the whole movement. He subscribed $2,500 toward the erection of the house.

In February, 1848, the Madison street Church, New York (Presbyterian), changed its organization, and adopted the Congregational form of government, under the name of the Eastern Congregational Church. This change was made with great unanimity, and has been followed with happy results. Mr. Hale agreed to pay one hundred dollars per annum for five years, toward the support of the pastor of the church. Its affairs are now in a promising condition under the ministry of Rev. A. B. Crocker.

In the Autumn of 1848, the new and elegant edifice on the corner of Hammond and Factory streets, New York, erected by the Hammond Street Presbyterian Church, was bought at public auction by Messrs. S. B. Hunt and H. C. Bowen, for about fifteen thousand dollars. Public worship was sustained in the house for several weeks under the direction of the proprietors; and in the month of November a church was organized under the name of the Hammond Street Congregational Church, and an ecclesiastical society formed, to which the property was transferred. Rev. W. Patton, D. D., was subsequently installed pastor of the church. The congregation is already large, and its finances are in a prosperous condition. The enterprise has been successful beyond the most sanguine expectations of its friends, and may be regarded as established on a permanent basis. As this whole movement was made during the illness of Mr. Hale, he had no part in it personally, though it gave him great satisfaction.

One or two other churches remain to be spoken of. The Fourth Congregational Church in New York, which was formed in 1843, after struggling, in faith and patience, with many trials, sometimes meeting in a hall, sometimes in a private house, sometimes ready to disband-has at length procured, on favorable terms, a neat and comfortable house of worship in Sixteenth street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues, and has encouraging prospects of success. This feeble church was an object of the sympathy and benefactions of Mr. Hale.

The First Free Congregational Church, worshiping in Chrystie street, was a remnant of the church formerly worshiping in the Chatham street Chapel. It has always had to contend with pecuniary embarrassments and popular prejudices; and notwithstanding the zeal, perseverance, and self-denial of its members, may be compelled to yield to the force of circumstances, and disband. Mr. Hale gave large sums of money to this church, and, just previous to his last illness, he had devised a plan to extricate it from all embarrassment, which, had he lived, would probably have been successful.

THOMPSON'S LIFE OF DAVID HALE, 1850.

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

'Le Vieux Lachine et le Massacre du 5 Août 1689," is the title of an address delivered by Désiré Girouard, Queen's Counsellor, before the parish of Lachine, on the two hundredth recurrence of the day. It contains a history of this massacre, more dreadful, perhaps, than any other which either French or English colonists encountered, with the single exception of that of Schenectady, now very near its two hundredth year, and also a history of the events which led up to it. The Marquis de Denonville in the Winter of 1687 invited the Five Nations to a feast which would take place the next June at Fort Frontenac. The Indians saw the preparations which were made, and believing they were in good faith, attended. They were, however, treacherously seized, and taken in irons to the prisons of Quebec, where they were placed in the dungeons. Forty were put on vessels and sent to the galleys in France, where they almost all perished. But one of the Indians had escaped from Fort Frontenac, and carried the news to his tribe. They decided to organize in silence for 1688, and then begin hostilities. In the meantime, they professed to be humiliated, and to be without thoughts of war. On the night of the 4th and 5th of August, 1689, in