EUPHRANOR, an excellent fculptor and painter of Athens, Alourished about 362 years before Chrift. He wrote feveral vo lumes on the art of colouring, and on fymmetry, which are loft. His conceptions were noble and elevated, his ftyle maf culine and bold and he was, according to Pliny, the first who fignalized himself by reprefenting the majefty of heroes. Among his moft celebrated paintings were the twelve Gods, the battle of Mantinea, and Thefeus. With respect to the latter, he used to say, that the Thefeus of Parrhafius had been fed with rofes, but his with beef.

EUPOLIS, an Athenian comic poet, who flourished about the year 435 before Chrift, in the time of the old comedy. His play of Numenia was acted in this year, his Flatterers about 420. Many others of his pieces are known by name, but only fragments of any of them remain., Of his death various accounts are given. Some fay that he was thrown into the fea, by order of Alcibiades, for writing the Bapte against him; others, that he was fhipwrecked in a military expedition in the Hellefpont, which produced, fays Suidas, a decree, that no poet fhould perform military fervice. He obtained feven prizes in the theatres of Athens. His firft drama was produced at the age of feventeen. Britton 产

EVREMOND St (CHARLES de St. Denis, lord of), a celebrated French wit, was defcended from one of the best fami lies in Normandy, and born at St. Denis le Guaft, April 1, .1613. Being a younger fon, he was defigned for the gown ,and, at nine years of age, fent to Paris to be bred a scholar. He was entered in the college of Clermont, and continued there four years, during which he went through grammarlearning and rhetoric. He went next to the university of Caen, in order to study philofophy; and, having continued there one year, returned to Paris, where he purfued the fame ftudy one year longer in the college of Harcourt. He dif tinguished himself no less in the academical exercises, than by his ftudies and excelled particularly in fencing, infomuch, that "St. Evremond's pafs" became famous among the fwordsmen. As foon, as he had completed his philofophical, and other exercises, he began to ftudy the law: but, whether his relations had then other views, or his own inclination led him to arms, he quitted that ftudy, after he had followed it a twelvemonth; and was made an enfign before he was full fixteen. When he had ferved two or three campaigns, he obtained a lieutenant's commiffion; and had a company of foot given him, after the fiege of Landrecy

A military life did not hinder him from cultivating philofophy and the belles lettres. He had alfo no mean opinion of

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the law, which he thought not only ufeful, but even neceffary to a gentleman; and ever delighted much in cultivating it. He fignalized himself in the army by his politeness and by his wit, as much as by his bravery. He was at the fiege of Arras in 1640; and the year following obtained a commiffion in the horfe, which gave him fresh opportunities of diftinguishing himself. These accomplishments recommended him to all the great men of his time; and the duke of Enguien was fo charmed with his converfation, that he made him lieutenant of his guards, for the fake of having him conftantly near his perfon. In 1643, after the campaign of Rocroy, he wrote a kind of fatire against the French Academy, which was publifhed in 1650 with this title, "The comedy of the academicians for reforming the French tongue." He served in the campaign of Friburg in 1644; and the next year received a dangerous wound in the knee, at the battle of Nortlingen. After the taking of Furnes in 1646, the duke of Enguien appointed him to carry the news to court; and, having at the fame time opened to him his defign of befieging Dunkirk, charged him to propose it to cardinal Mazarin, and to fettle with him all that was neceffary for the execution of so great an undertaking. He was fo dextrous in the management of this commiffion, that the minifter confented to all the duke defired.

In 1648, he loft the poft which he had near the prince of Condé; for this was the duke's title after his father's death. The occafion of it was an offence he had given to the prince, by being too fatyrical. The prince loved raillery, but could not always pardon it. The year after he went to Normandy, to fee his family. The duke of Longueville, who had declared against Mazarin, ufed all endeavours to engage St. Evremond of his party; offering him the command of his artillery. This he refufed to accept, as he tells us himself, in a fatire intitled, "The duke of Longueville's retreat to his government of Normandy;" a piece with which Mazarin was fo extremely pleased, that in his laft fickness he several times engaged St. Evremond to read it to him. In 1650, he followed the court to Havre de Grace, in company with the duke of Candale. In this journey he had a long conversation with that noble perfonage, which he afterwards committed to paper; and in which he joined, to the judicious counfels he gave his friend, the characters of the courtiers with whom he was most intimate. The civil war broke out in 1652; and the king, being acquainted with his merit and bravery, and knowing befides that he had conftantly refused to be employed against the court, made him a marefchal de camp, or majorgeneral; and the next day gave him a warrant for a penfion

of

of 3000 livres a year. He ferved afterwards under the duke of Candale in the war of Guienne; but, upon the reduction of that province, was committed by cardinal Mazarin to the Baftile, where he continued two or three months. Some jests against the cardinal in a company where St. Evremond was, and in which he had no greater share than the rest, were the pretence for his confinement. But the true reafon was, that he was fufpected to have given the duke of Candale fome advice unpleafing to the cardinal. Yet, when St. Evremond went to return him thanks after his enlargement, the cardinal told him very obligingly, that " he was perfuaded of his innocence; but that a man in his situation was obliged to hearken to fo many reports, that it was very difficult for him to distinguifh truth from falfhood, and not to do injuftice fometimes to an honest man."

In 1654, he ferved in Flanders: during which campaign, being one day at dinner with the marshal d'Hoquincourt, he was witness to the converfation that general had with father Canaye, a jefuit, then director of the hospital of the king's army which he found fo entertaining, that he committed it to writing fome time after, and it is now in his works. In 1657, he fought a duel with the marquis de Force; and, though all poffible care was taken to keep it fecret, the court had notice of it, which obliged him to retire into the country, till his friends had obtained his pardon. In 1659, he ferved in Flanders, till the fufpenfion of arms was fettled between France and Spain: and afterwards accompanied Mazarin, when he went to conclude a peace with Don Luis de Haro, the king of Spain's firft minifter. He had promifed the marquis of Crequi, afterwards marshal of France, to give him a particular account of the whole negotiation: and therefore, as foon as the peace was figned, he wrote a long letter to the marquis, in which he fhewed, that the cardinal had facrificed the honour and welfare of France to his own private intereft; and treated him in a very fatyrical manner. This letter fall

ing afterwards into the hands of fome of the cardinal's creatures, though fome time after his death, it was represented as a ftate-crime; and he was obliged to fly to Holland, where he arrived in 1661. He had taken a tour into England, the year before, with the count of Soiffons, who had been sent over by the king of France to compliment Charles II. upon his restoration; and there had made many friends. He did not therefore stay any long time in Holland, but paffed over into England; where he was received with great refpect, and admitted into the friendship of the duke of Buckingham, and other perfons of diftinction.

>In England he wrote many pieces, which, with the rest of his works, have been several times printed. In 1665, he was feized with a diforder, which threw him into a fort of melancholy, and greatly weakened him; upon which he was advised to go to Holland, where he visited some learned men and celebrated philofophers, who were then at the Hague, particularly Heinfius, Voffius, and Spinoza. He afterwards refolved to fee Flanders, and spent fome time at Breda, where negotiations for peace were carried on between England and Holland; went from thence to Spa and Bruffels; and, in his return to the Hague, paffed through Liege. He had now made up his mind to pass the remainder of his days in Holland; when Sir William Temple delivered letters to him from the earl of Arlington, informing him, that king Charles defired his return to England. Upon this, he croffed the fea once more; and the king gave him a penfion of 300l. a year. He could not however forget his own country; and made feveral attempts to procure leave to return, but in vain. After the peace of Nimeguen in 1679, hé wrote an epiftle in verfe to the king of France, in which he indirectly afked leave to return to his native country; but it proved ineffectual.

Upon the death of Charles II. in 1685, he loft his penfion; and, as he could not rely on the affection of king James, though that prince had fhewn himself extremely kind to him, he defired his friends to renew their endeavours to procure his return. The marshal de Crequi advised him to write to the king, and promised to deliver his letter; but it had no more effect than the epiftle in verfe. In 1686, the earl of Sunderland propofed to king James to create for him a place of fecretary of the cabinet, whofe province fhould be to write the king's private letters to the foreign princes. The king approved the plan ; but St, Evremond thought it did not become him to accept fuch an office. The revolution was advantageous to him. The prince of Orange had been very kind to him in Holland; and, when he came to be king of England, gave him very fubftantial marks of his favour. He often took him into his parties of pleasure, and loved to converfe with him; to hear him talk of the great generals he had feen in France, and of the military tranfactions to which he had been witnefs. St. Evremond had now refolved to finifh his days peaceably in England, when he received letters from the count of Grammont, acquainting him, that he might return, and would be well received. But he returned for anfwer, that the infirmities infeparable from old age would not permit him to undertake fuch a journey, nor was he difpofed to leave a country where he lived very agreeably. "He liked, he faid, to be with people who were used to see his wen." In 1697,

he wrote a little piece against the abbot Renaudot, on the subject of Bayle's dictionary. Sept. 1703, he was feized with a ftrangury, of which he died the 9th of that month, in his 95th year. He was interred in Weftminfter-abbey, where a monument was erected to his memory by his friends, with a Latin epitaph, in which he is highly praised. 'He was never

married.

St. Evremond had blue, lively, and fparkling eyes, a large forehead, thick eye-brows, a handfome mouth and an expreffive fmile, in fhort, an agreeable and ingenuous countenance. Twenty years before his death, a wen grew between his eyebrows, which afterwards increased to a confiderable bignefs; but was no way troublesome to him. His behaviour was civil and engaging, his humour ever gay and merry; but he had a ftrong inclination to fatire. His friend, the dutchefs of Mazarin, who alfo lived for fometime in England, used jocularly to call him "the old fatyr." He always fpoke of his difgrace with the firmnefs of a gentleman; and whatever ftrong defire he might have to fee his country again, he never follicited it in a mean or cringing manner. Though he did not pretend to rigid morals, yet he had all the qualities which are fuppofed to conftitute a man of honour; was juft, generous, grateful, full of goodness and humanity. As for religion, he always profeffed the Romish, in which he was born; though he has been fufpected of being a free-thinker. Bayle, who would wish to have it thought fo, tells us, in one of his letters, that it was publicly known, he ufed no affiftance either of minifter or priest, to prepare him for death; and that it was faid, the envoy from the court of Florence actually fent to him an ecclefiaftic, who, afking him whether he would be reconciled, received for answer, "With all my heart: I would fain be reconciled to my ftomach, which no longer performs its ufual functions." But this feems inconfiftent with what is faid of his care not to jeft on religious fubjects. I have feen verfes, continues Bayle, which he wrote fifteen days before his death; and his only regret was, that he was reduced to boiled meats, and could no longer digeft partridges and pheafants. Another author informs us, that he was more affected with the death of the dutchefs of Mazarin, with whom he had lived in the most unreferved friendship, than with the approach of his own; for he fhewed no regret of life, though he had made the purfuit of pleasures his principal ftudy for above fifty years [1]. But whatever might be his fentiments of religion, he never let fall, any loofe expreffions about it: nor could he bear that it fhould be made a fubject of mirth.

[1] Reflections on the death of free-thinkers, &c. By Monf. Deflands. VOL. VI.

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