receive Particles of Lime-Stones) Chalk, Oker, Cinnabar, Marble, Alabafter, &c. 5. MERCURIAL Waters, &c. ALL thefe kinds of Waters are to be understood three Ways, as was faid in the fecond Propofition (as all other mineral Waters are), viz. 1. Some of them are corporeal, either fenfibly fo, or by a refined and fubtile Commixture. 2. Others are fpirituous. 3. Others are both corporeal and fpirituous. Thefe Differences may be applied to the feveral Kinds of mineral Waters. For Example: There are Golden Waters which are, 1. Corporeal, that carry Grains of Gold, of fuch Magnitude, that with fmall Trouble they are difcernable, by reason of their grofs or courfe Mixture. 2. Corporeal, that carry very minute Particles of Gold, well mixed with them; and tho' the smallest Particles of Gold, do of their own Nature fink to the bottom in Water, yet that there are fuch, appears from the Aqua Regia of the Chymifts, in which Gold is diffolved into Atoms; but this Aqua Regia is not a Simple Water, neither does any Water carry Atoms of Gold in it, unless it be before impregnated with other mineral Particles. 3. Spirituous golden Waters, that have ingendered a Spirit and Vapour in the Earth from which Gold is produced. 4. Golden Waters that are both corporeal and fpirituous, viz. that have both Atoms of Gold, and the Spirit that produces it. THUS we are to apply this four-fold Variety to all forts of mineral Waters, whether fimple or mix'd (from whence innumerable Species are produced; for either the Bodies of Foffils, or their Spirits, or the Body of one Foffil with the Spirit of another, are mixed or ingendered in the Water): so Leaden Waters are of four kinds, viz. 1 Visibly corporeal. 2. Corporeal by a fubtile Mixture. 3. Tinctured by the fpirit of Lead. 4. Impregnated both SECT. IV. with the Body and Spirit of Lead. And these four Participations of Minerals are to be applied to mercurial Waters, &c. and more especially to falt, vitriolic, and fulphureous Waters, because in these, Nature itself difplays a four-fold Variety; tho' it is to be doubted, whether there be corporcal Particles of a fubtile Grain in metallineWaters. Spirituous metallic Waters are alfo very rare; but the Water of Salt, Sulphur, &c. both corporeal and fpirituous is very common, because these Foffils are found in more Places of the Earth, and in greater Plenty, and their Particles are alfo fooner dafhed to Atoms, and diffolved by the Water; befide they frequently emit Steams and Vapours. LET us explain this four-fold Variety of Participation by one Example of Gold. 1. IN the preceding Chapter, Propofition 16, we enumerated thofe Rivers that carry Grains of Gold, and with this Treafure glad the Hearts of the Natives upon their Banks; as in the County of Tyrol, and the neighbouring Places, there are feveral fuch; and as we faid before, the Rhine, the Elbe, the Danube, and feveral other great Rivers, carry Grains of Gold in feveral Places (and alfo other Metals and Minerals) which they receive from auriferous Rivulets. The Rhine carries Grains of Gold, mixed with Clay and Sand, in many Places, but efpecially at thefe, viz. 1. Near Coire, in the Grifons Country. 2. At Mayenfield. 3. At Eglifau. 4. At Sokinge. 5. At the Town of Augft, not far from Bafil. 6. At Newburg. 7. At Seltz. 8. At Worms. 9. At Mentz. 10. At Bacherach, 11. At Bon, &c. The auriferous Rivulets, which the Rhine receives, the Reader may see in Thurnbeuferus; and alfo thofe that run into the Danube, and Elbe. Small Grains of Gold are found in the Elbe in thefe Places: 1. At Lotomeritz in Bohemia. 2. At Purn. 3. At Drefden in Meifen. 4. At Torgaw. 5. At Magdenburg. 6. At Lavenburgh Tower, five Miles from Hamburg. Several other auriferous Rivers are given an Account of in the forecited Book of Thurnbeuferus ; and fuch as carry other Metals and Minerals. And these are auriferous corporeal Waters, of the firft kind, carrying visible Grains, which are not so properly called Mineral or Golden Waters, because the Gold Grains are not mixed with the Water, but only carried in it by it's rapid Motion; the Water itself being uncompounded with it. 2. CORPOREAL Golden Waters of fine Mixture, whofe Atoms are united with the Atoms of Gold, like the Aqua Regia of the Chymifts, which diffolves Gold, and unites it by Atoms to itfelf. For fince it is poffible that there may be in Nature fuch Water as this of the Chymifts, which may run thro' Golden Earth, or Gold Mines, it is reasonable to fuppofe, that it eats out Particles and diffolves them into Atoms, and unites them to itself; and from this Caufe proceed thofe (or fuch like) Golden Rivulets as are defcribed by Thurnbeuferus, in his Account of the Danube, Rhine, &c. 3. SPIRITUOUS Golden Waters are but very few, fome of which perhaps are enumerated among the rest by Thurnheuferus; but these are not fo much known or regarded, because Golden Earth and Gold Mines are very scarce; befides where there are fuch Mines, there is fuch a Mixture of other Minerals, that they are not perceptible. Nevertheless there are some Rivulets in the high Alps of Bohemia, that are faid to participate of thefe Golden Spirits, as in the Fiechtelberg Mountains in Silefia. The Hot Baths alfo in the Bishopric of Coire, are believed to be impregnated with this kind of Spirit, yet because of the Mixture of other Mine rals rals in a greater Quantity, this quality is rendered lefs perceptible. 4. GOLDEN Waters that carry both the Atoms, and Spirit of Gold, are fome of those Rivulets mentioned by the above-named Thurnbeuferus. LET us alfo give an example of falt Waters. 1. CORPOREAL falt Water, which carry grofs and undigested Particles of Salt, are found in many Places, and fufficiently known; as Fountains, whofe Waters produce Salt; and Sea-Water from which Salt is extracted by boiling. 2. SUBTLE corporeal falt Waters, which contain Salt diffolved into the minuteft Atoms, are fuch as are very falt, and yet very clear, as many falt Fountains are, and Sea-Water that is thin and fine; tho' there is a great Difference in this fubtile Mixture. Hereto may be referred the Urine of all Animals. 3. SPIRITUOUS falt Waters, which do not contain the Particles of Salt, but only the Spirit of it, are of such a Nature, that if feveral Tuns be ever fo much boiled, they will not yield any Salt. There are a great many of these in Germany, and other Places, but they are feldom without Mixture. 4. CORPORE A L and fpirituous falt Waters, which contain the Particles and Spirit of Salt. Almost all corporeal Waters have fome fmall Portion of faline Spirits in them, but few of them any Quantity. Thus the Fountains about the City Saltzinge, near the Rhine, are falter than other falt Springs, and yet yield lefs Salt, because their sharp and brackish Tafte is heightened by a Spirit or volatile Salt, which flies away in the boiling. HENCE it appears how this four-fold Variety of Participation is to be applied to the feve ral ral kinds of mineral Waters, viz. to vitriolic, Alum, and Lead Waters, &c. PROPOSITION V. To enumerate the most remarkable Varieties of mineral Waters, IN the foregoing Propofitions, we have explained the Kinds and Differences of mineral Waters, taken from their Nature, which consist in having mineral Particles in them, which they carry or with which they are impregnated; but because thefe Varieties are not fo perceptible to the Senfes, and there are feveral Mixtures of Minerals that cause various, and almost unaccountable, Properties in the Waters, therefore they are not fo eafily known and diftinguished by the Vulgar; for Waters (and other Bodies) become famous among Mankind, and receive their Names from their manifeft Qualities which ftrike and affect the Senfes, whofe Cause and Explication is to be deduced from their Compofition and Participation. There are therefore ten Species of Waters, or Liquids, that flow out of the Ground, which are commoi ly taken Notice of by the Vulgar. 1. Acid Waters. 2. Bitter. 3. Hot. 4. Very cold. 5. Fat and oily. 6. Poifonous or deadly. 7. Coloured. 8. Boiling. 9. Waters that harden Bodies, change their Colour, or otherwife alter them. 10. Saline. 11. To thefe may be added, fuch as are invefted with other uncommon Properties. All kinds of Waters defcribed by Authors, may be referred to one or other of thefe Heads. We fhall here briefly explain their Generation and Differences; and give fome Examples. VOL. I. B b PRO |