Ionian Sea, the Levant, &c. It is extended from West to East, and receives into it many Rivers.

2. THE Ballic (or Eaft Sea, improperly fo called) breaketh out from the Ocean between Zeeland and Gotland, part of the Continent of Sweden, and alfo between Zeeland and Jutland, from whence it flows a long way to the South-East, and afterwards winding to the northward, it reaches a prodigious length between the Provinces of Mecklenburg, Pomerania, Courland, and Livonia, on the Eaft; and on the Weft, Sweden and Lapland. It fends out two Arms, viz. the Bothnic Bay, and the Gulph of Finland; to which may be added the Livonian Sea, or Gulph of Riga. It receiveth feveral great Rivers.

3. THE Arabian Gulph, or Red Sea, floweth out of the Indian Ocean between Aden, a Town in Arabia, and Cape Mufledon in Africa, having Africa on the Weft, and Arabia on the Eaft. It runs to the Eastward as far as the Ifthmus of Africa, to the Town of Suez, where there is a Harbour for the Turkish Fleet, and receiveth only a few fmall Rivers, but not one out of Africa. It is extended from the South Eaft to the North-West.

4. THE Perfian Gulph [or Gulph of Balfora] floweth out of the Indian Ocean, near the Island of Ormus, from the South-East to the North-West, between Perfia on the East, and Arabia on the West, as far as the ancient Chaldea, where it receiveth the Euphrates and Tigris, joined a little before in one Chanel; but few Rivers of note befides.

5. THE Gulph of California, or Red-Sea, runs from South to North, between the Weft of Mexico in America and California, and ends at Tatonteac, an unknown Part of America. Modern Discoverers will have California to be an Island; and this not to be a Gulph or Bay, but a Streight or Sea (a).

(a) See Note (e) Chap. viii.

6. THE

6. THE Gulph of Nankin [or Gang] runs northwards, between Corea and China, towards Tartary, where fome place Tenduc, in the Kingdom of Cathaia: others will have Corea to be an Island. It receiveth but a few Rivers.

TO these may be added feveral leffer Bays, fuch as the Gulph Cambaya, &c. Only the two firft of thefe, viz. The Mediterranean and the Baltic, afford fecondary Bays.

PROPOSITION VI.

The broad and open Bays are feven in Number, viz.

1. THE Gulph or Sea of Mexico, which flows out of the Atlantic Ocean from East to West, between North and South America, where it is stopped by the long Ifthmus that joins these two Continents, and feparates the Atlantic from the Pacific Ocean. It receiveth a great many Riyers and for Multitude of Islands may compare with the Archipelago.

2. THE Gulph of Bengal, or Ganges, ftrikes out from the Indian Ocean, towards the North, between India and the Peninsula of Malacca; it is bounded by Orixa, Bengal, Pegu, &c. Kingdoms of India, and receives, befides the Ganges, a great many famous Rivers.

3. THE Bay of Siam, between Cambodia and Malacca, is extended northward to the Kingdom of Siam,

4. THE White-Sea, or Ruffian Gulph, flows. from the Northern Ocean towards the South, between Lapland, and the remote Shores of Ruffia. It stretcheth out an Arm towards Lapland, and endeth at Archangel in Muscovy; which is a Mart much frequented by the English and Dutch. It receives feveral great Rivers..

5. THE Lantchidal Sea, is a Bay between [New Holland] and New Guinea; two Peninsula's of the South Continent. It is extended Southward, and terminated at Carpentaria.

6. THERE is another Gulph a little to the weftward of the laft, between [Nuyt's Land] and Van Diemen's Land (two Sea Captains, by whom these Parts were discovered).

7. HUDSON's Bay is bounded by New Britain, New France, New Denmark, &c. and runneth out of the Northern Ocean. To which may be added, Baffin's Bay, the Bay of Biscay, &c.

PROPOSITION VII.

Streights either join the Ocean to the Ocean, or the Ocean to a Bay, or one Bay to another.

OF Streights we reckon fifteen, viz.

1. THE Streights of Magellan, tho' they may yield to others for Antiquity, are nevertheless, accounted very famous for their exceeding long Reach, thro' which there is a free Paffage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The Streight is in Length, from Eaft to Weft one Hundred and ten Leagues; but the Breadth is various, in fome Places two Leagues, one League, and in fome Places but a quarter of a League. Magellan first discovered it, and failed thro' it in the Year 1520. Tho' it is reported, that Vafcus Nunnius of Valboa, had before (viz. in the Year 1513) taken notice of it when he failed that Way, to make Discoveries to the Southward. It lieth in 52 degr. 30 min. South Latitude, between Patagon, a Part of South America on the North, and the Islands of Terra del Fuego on the South.

2. A little further, to the fouthward, are the Streights of La Maire, which are much fhorter than

thofe

thofe of Magellan. They have a Part of the South Continent on the East, and the Islands of Terra del

Fuego on the West. A Paffage is more expeditioufly made thro' these into the great South-Sea, than the other. They lie in 54 degr. 30 min. South Latitude.

3. THE Streights of Manila, between Luconia and Mindanao, and others of the Philippine Islands, are faid to be one hundred Leagues in Length, and are a very dangerous Paffage to Ships, by reason of dreadful Quick-fands in feveral Places. They are extended from East to Weft, and join, in part, the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, which are also not far from thence, joined by broader Streights in many Places.

4. THERE are several other Streights among the Indian Ifles, and between them and the Continent; as between Ceylon and India; between Sumatra and Malacca; between Sumatra and Java, &c.

5. THE Streights of Waygats, thro' which there is fupposed to be a Paffage from the Russian or North Sea, into the Tartarian Ocean; but it is so shut up with Ice, that it never could be failed thro' by the Europeans (b). It lies between Samoieda and Nova Zembla.

6. THE Icy Sea, between Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen, or New Greenland.

7. DAVIS's Streights, between North America and Greenland, have not been yet failed thro; there fore we are in a doubt, whether it be a Streight or a narrow Sea.

8. FORBISHER's Streights, which afford a Paffage from the Atlantic Ocean into Hudson's Bay.

9. THE Streights of Anian, between North America and Tartary in Afia, through which there is faid to be a Paffage between the Tartarian Ocean,

(b) See Note (d) Chap. viii.

and

and the Pacific Sea; but this is as yet unfettled. They who have failed in that Part of the Pacific Ocean pretend to be certain, that there are Streights, or Sea, both between America and Tartary, and alfo between America and Greenland, by reafon that for seven hundred Leagues from Japan towards North America, the Currents set strongly from the North North-Weft, tho' the Wind be variable, and blow from other Points of the Compafs: but when they are come within one hundred Leagues of New Spain, these Currents cease, and others flow to the Northward, as if it were to fome broad Sea on the North of New Spain. Alfo in these feven hundred Leagues failing, Whales are daily feen, and other forts of Fish, that are known to delight in Streights and narrow Seas, which it is probable, come from the Streights of Anian, to that Part of the Pacific Ocean; because they are not found elsewhere (c). However, feveral of our modern Geographers take no notice of these Streights, but place a vaft unknown Ocean, between Tartary or Corea and America.

10. THE Streights of Gibraltar, thro' which the Atlantic Ocean gufheth into the Mediterranean Sea. They lie between Spain and Africa, and are about two Leagues over at the ftraitest Place, but much longer. The Ancients believed that there

(c) It is certain the Sea of Corea and Japan, is annexed to the Tartaric Ocean, and also to the Sea of Greenland; becaufe that fome Hollanders affirm, (who were fhipwreck'd upon Corea, a Peninsula of China) that they faw there a Whale, upon whose Back stuck a Harpon Iron of Gafcony, which not being queftioned by any, it is moft probable to be conjectured, that this

Whale paffed from Spitsberg thro' the nearest Arm of the Sea, rather than thro' the moréˇ remote. But be it how it will, we may hence fafely conclude, that the Sea which lies beyond Japan and Spitsberg, is paffable; and thro' more perhaps than one Arm or Chanel, by which they communicate. See Note (a) Chap. viii. and Philof Tranfact. abridged by Lowthorp. Vol. iii. Page 612.

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