History of the Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler

according Al Battani ancients angle apogee appear Aristarchus Aristotle assumed astronomy axis celestial central fire centre Chalcidius chapter circular circumference Cœlo comets Copernican Copernicus daily rotation deferent describes diameter Diels distance doctrine east ecliptic epicycle equal equator equinoxes Eudoxus excentric circle explain fixed stars gives Greek heavenly bodies heavens Heib heliocentric Herakleides Hipparchus hypothesis idea inclination inequality Jupiter Kalippus Kepler latitude latter longitude lunar Mars mathematical mean mentioned Mercury and Venus move round Nasir ed-din observations opinion opposite orbit outer planets parallax passage period phenomena Philolaus philosophers planetary theory Plato Pliny Plutarch pole Posidonius precession probably Proklus Ptolemaic system Ptolemy Ptolemy's Pythagoras Pythagoreans radius retrograde motion revolution round the earth round the sun Saturn says semidiameters Simplicius solar sphere spherical stadia Stobæus sun and moon supposed synodic period Theon Timæus tion Tycho Brahe Tychonic system universe velocity writers zodiac