EDINBURGH. The Edinburgh Encyclopædia; or, Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature; conducted by David Brewster, LL.D. F.R.S. Lond. & Edin. &c. &c. handsomely printed in quarto, and illustrated by a map of Italy, and 15 beautiful engravings from original drawings by Blore, Provis, P. Nicholson, Farey, &c. Volume XII. Part II. Price One Guinea, boards. A few Copies are splendidly printed on the finest royal paper, with proof impressions of the plates, price £2, 12s. 6d. each part, in boards. Historical Memoirs of Rob Roy, and the Clan of Macgregor, including Original Notices of Lady Grange; with an Introductory Sketch, illustrative of the Condition of the Highlands prior to the year 1745; by K. Macleay, M.D. 12mo. 18s. boards. This very interesting volume contains the Account of Rob Roy which appeared some months ago in this Magazine. Dr Macleay has collected a great many additional Anecdotes of that extraordinary Personage, arranged them with judgment, and narrated them with spirit. A very curious account is appended of Lady Grange, and her singular fate. It is on the whole a most amusing work. Life of James Sharp, archbishop of St Andrews, with an Account of his Death, by an Eye-witness. Donald Monro's Description of the Western Isles in 1549, sewed, 12mo, 2s.-8vo, 4s. The above forms Part I. Vol. II. of a Series of Rare Scottish Tracts. A Letter to Sir Samuel Romilly, M. P. from Henry Brougham, Esq. M.P., on the Abuse of Charitable Funds. 2s. 6d. Ministerial Qualification; a Sermon preached at the Opening of a Pro Re Nata Meeting of the Original Burgher Associate Synod, which met at Alloa on July 22d, 1818; by James Smith, A. M. Minister of the Gospel, Alloa, 8vo. 1s. 6d. A Statement of the Results of Practice in Continued Fever, as it prevailed in Auchtermuchty and Neighbourhood, in 1817; with an Appendix, containing a few Practical Remarks on Measles, Scarlantina, &c.; by James Bonar, Surgeon. 3s. 6d. sewed. The Standard Measurer; containing New Tables for the Use of Builders, Wood Merchants, Slaters, and all Persons concerned in Wood, Stones, &c. Also, a Ready Reck oner, for the Value of Buildings; with Explations and Uses of the Tables, Observations on Measuring Timber, and Method of Measuring Artificers' Work; by Thomas Scotland, Ordained Land Surveyor and Measurer, 8vo. 7s. 6d. boards. MONTHLY REGISTER. APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS, &c. I. CIVIL. His Grace the Duke of Gordon, Robert Viscount Melville, the Right Hon. Archibald Colquhoun, Lord Register; the Right Hon. Alexander Maconochie, Lord Advocate; and the Right Hon. David Boyle, Lord Justice Clerk-are appointed Commissioners for keeping the Crown and Regalia of Scotland, by a warrant issued under the sign manual, and commission expede under the Great Seal of Scotland. The Commissioners have appointed Capt. Adam Fergusson to be Deputy-keeper. III. MILITARY. 2 L. Gd. Major Hon. H. E. Irby to Lieut.-Col. 2 D. G. Lieut. A. Bolton, from h. 5 6 be Major and 23d June 1818 p. 23 Dr. to be Lieut. vice Goate, dead 6th August Lieut. W. Hodgson, from 22 Dr. to be Lieut. vice Higginbotham, ex. 23d July Lieut. J. W. Dunn, from h. p. 40 F. to be Lieut. vice Walker, ex. rec. diff. 30th do. 7 L. Dr. Lieut. F. Seymour, from 25 Dr. to be Lt. vice Custance, ex. 16th do. Assist. Surg. E. Burton, from 12 F. to be Assist. Surg, vice Knox, h. p. 23d do. Donald M'Intosh, Esq. is appointed his Majesty's 9 Consul for the State of New Hampshire. II. ECCLESIASTICAL. The Right Honourable Lord Napier has presented Mr John Bennet, preacher of the Gospel, to the church and parish of Ettrick, vacant by the death of the late Rev. Charles Paton. The Magistrates and Town Council of Dumbarton have presented Mr William Jaffray, preacher of the Gospel at Stirling, to the church and parish of Dumbarton, vacant by the death of the Rev. James Oliphant. The Right Honourable Lord Douglas of Douglas has presented the Rev. Archibald M Conechy, Glasgow, to the united parish and church of Buncle and Preston, vacant by the death of the Rev. John Campbell. Lt. T. B. Wall, from h. p. 23 Dr. to be Lt. vice Sicker, ex. rec. diff. Lt. J. Lynam, from 33 F. to be Lt. vice Scott, ex. rec. diff. 13th Aug. Lt. H. Higginbotham, from 5 Dr. Gds. to be Lieut. vice Hodgson, ex. 11 13 30th do. Lieut. vice 20 Lt. W. H. Smith, from h. p. 103 F. to be 30th July 22 23d do. 25 1 F. Lt. N. Custance, from 7 L. Dr. to be Lt. vice Seymour, ex. 16th do. Gr. Gds. Lord John Bentinck to be Ens. & Lt. by purch. vice Swann, 98 F. do. Lt. G. Mathias, from h. p. to be Lt. vice Vallancey, ex. rec. diff. 23d do. 3 J. M'Gregor to be Ens. vice Mainwaring, prom. 30th do. Lt. J. S. Hughes, from h. p. to be Lt. vice Moore, ex. rec. diff. 23d do. 9 F. Capt. H. Hill, from h. p. 14 F. to be Capt. vice Hackett, ex. rec. diff. 6th Aug. Ens. G. G. Watkins to be Lieut. vice Harrison, cash. 23d July Ens. F. P. Clarkson, from h. p. 52 F. to be Ens. vice Watkins do. Ass. Surg. J. Ligertwood, from h. p. to be do. Ass. Surg. vice Burton, 9 Dr. Tho. Jervis to be Ens. by purch. vice Elderton, ret. 30th do. G. Eyre to be Ens. by purch. vice Campbell, 1 Life Gds. do. Ens. G. F. Morden, from h. p. 14 F. to be 2d Lieut. vice Poe, ex. rec. diff. do. Lt. T. F. Smith to be Adj. vice Brooksbank, rec. Adj. only 23d do. Capt. A. C. Drawater, from h. p. 62 F. to be Capt. vice Addison, ex. rec. diff. do. Bt. Lt.-Col. J. Hare to be Major by purch. vice Sparrow, ret. 30th do. Lieut. R. Handcock to be Capt. by purch. do. Ens. W. B. Buchannan to be Lt. by purch. 15th Aug. Bt. Major G. Elliot, from h. p. 60 F. to be Capt. vice Wallet, ex. rec. diff. 23d July Lt. T. Stopford, from 13 Dr. to be Lieut. vice Lynam, ex. 13th Aug. Lt. G. Hibbert, from h. p. 41 F. to be Lt. vice Lt. Gorman, ex. 16th July H. Master to be Ens, by purch. vice Corbet, ret. 30th do. Capt. R. Houghton, from h. p. 3 F. to be Capt. vice Stewart, ex. rec. diff. 23d do. Maj. Sir J. M. Tylden, from h. p. 3 F. to be Maj. vice Mein, ex. rec. diff. 16th do. Lt. J. Montagu, from h. p. to be Lt. vice Cleghorn, ex. rec. diff. 23d do. Paym. R. Monk, from h. p. Brunsw. Hus. do. to be Paym. vice Sherwood, ex. Ens. F. J. Ranie to be Lieut. vice Rolfe, dead do Quar. Mast. Howsman superseded, being absent without leave 53 58 6th Aug. H. Browne to be Ensign Ens. J. Atkinson to be Lt. vice M'Connell, dead Ens. A. J. M'Pherson, from 2 W. I. R. to be Ens. vice Moriarty, ex. 16th July Ass. Surg. M. W. Kenny to be Surg. vice Crake, dead 23d do. 24th Jan. 2d Lt. C. M. Mauger, from h. p. 3 Ceylon Regt. to be Ens. do. 87 90 97 98 99 Ens. H. Wood to be Lieut. by purch. vice Ensign C. Tinling, from h. p. Geo. Stephens to be Qua. Mast. E. Nixon to be Ass. Surg. vice prom. 13th Aug. 14 F. to be 23d July vice Bam 13th Aug. Nicholls, 6th do. Surg. W. Cogan, from 97 F. to be Surg. vice Schooles, dead Lt. G. O. Field to be Capt. vice Walmes ley, dead Ens. R. Elliot to be Lieut. Lord W. F. Montagu to be Ens. 30th July 23d do. do. do. Ens. J. Cates, from 60 F. to be Ens. vice Baylee, prom. 30th do. Corn. S. W Popham, from h. p. 13 Dr. to Surg. H. Cowen, from h. p. 73 F. to be 16th do. Lt. C. Daniell, from 76 F. to be Capt. by purch. vice Burke, ret. 23d do. 2 W. I. R. Ens. W. L. P. Moriarty, from 64 F. to be Ens. vice M'Pherson, ex. 16th do. R.Af.Cor. Lieut. W. Gray to be Capt. vice Leman, Hosp. Mate R. Melin to be Ass. Surg. Disp. of Med. P. J. Macdonald to be Ass. Surg. J. Campbell, M.D. from h.p. 7 W.I.R. to be Supernum. Ass. Surg. in India, vice Ligertwood, cancelled 23d do. R. Art. Gent. Cadet R. C. Smyth to be 2d Lt. vice Watkins, prom. 8th do. S. A. Severne to be 2d Lieut. vice Cotton, prom. do. J. Hollingworth to be 2d Lt. Scott, from 20 Dr. rec. diff. with Lt. Smith, h. p. 103 F. Hodgson, 22 Dr. with Lieut. Higginbotham, 5 Dr. Gds. Seymour, 25 Dr. with Lt. Custance, 7 Dr. Vallancey, from 1 F. rec. diff. with Lt. Ma thias, h. p. Moore, from 3 F. rec. diff. with Lt. Hughes, h. p. Gorman, from 40 F. rec. diff. with Lieut. Hibbert, h. p. 41 F. Cleghorn, from 52 F. rec. diff. with Lieut. Montagu, h. p. Keen, from 97 F. with Lieut. Bradish, h. p. Potts, from R. Y. Ran. with Lt. O'Grady, h. p. 87 F. 2d Lieut. Poe, from 23 F. rec. diff. with Ens. Morden, h. p. 14 F. Ens. Moriarty, 64 F.with Ens. M'Pherson, 2 W.I.R. M'Donald, from 76 F. with Ens. Tinling, h.p. 14 F. Bayley, from 90 F. rec. diff. with Cornet Popham, h. p. 13 Dr. Paym. Sherwood, from 53 F. with Paym. Monk, h. p. Brunsw. Hus. Resignations and Retirements. Supernum. Ass. Surg. in India, Ligertwood Dep. Ass. Commis. Gen. Bowman, having declined to proceed upon Foreign Service. Superseded. Quart.-Mast. Howsman, 60 F. being absent without leave. Cashiered. Lieut. Harrison, 9 F. Burhamputa River, at a breadth of two miles, that the channel seemed full; nor was the end of the line perceptible, although they had been some time passing. A boat, going down the river, was obliged to put about, as it was impossible to get by them; and it was a considerable time before the line had left the jungles of the eastern side, whilst the jungles on the western side prevented their course being traced by the eye. The people of the country say, that the rhinoceros is much an overmatch for the elephant as the former being very nimble, gets round the elephant, makes his attack in the same manner as the wild boar, and rips up the belly of his antagonist. Gas Lights. By the list of the Local Acts, it appears, that legal powers were obtained, in the last session of Parliament, to light with gasBath, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Worcester, Kidderminster, Brighthelmstone, ten of the most considerable and most intelligent cities and towns in the empire. Gas Light Apparatus. Mr Mair, of Kelso, has, by a simple process, constructed an apparatus which produces gas sufficient to supply ten different burners, the flame of each far surpassing that of the largest candle, and which completely illuminate his shop, work-shop, and dwelling-house, with the most pure pellucid brightness, the cost of which is only about three pence per night. Wax cloth bags have been invented, which, when inflated. with gas, are removed at pleasure from place to place, and when ignited, they answer all the purposes of candles. By this process, it would seem that any person, with bags as above prepared, may be furnished with gas from the coal-pits, and apply the gas so procured to whatever number of tubes for lights he has occasion for. Cow Tree.M. Humboldt and his companions, in the course of their travels, heard an account of a tree which grows in the valleys of Aragua, the juice of which is a nourishing milk, and which, from that circumstance, has received the name of the cow-tree. The tree in its general aspect resembles the chrysophyllum cainito; its leaves are oblong, pointed, leathery, and alternate, marked with lateral veins, projecting downwards; they are parallel, and are ten inches long. When incisions are made into the trunk, it discharges abundantly a gluti nous milk, moderately thick, without any acridness, and exhaling an agreeable balsamic odour. The travellers drank considerable quantities of it without experiencing any injurious effects; its viscidity only ren dering it rather unpleasant. The superintendent of the plantation assured them that the negroes acquire flesh during the season in which the cow-tree yields the greatest quantity of milk. When this fluid is exposed to the air, perhaps, in consequence of the absorption of the oxygen of the atmosphere, its surface becomes covered with membranes of a substance that appears to be of a decided animal nature, yellowish, thready, and of a cheesy consistence. These membranes, when separated from the more aqueous part of the fluid, are almost as elastic as caoutchouc; but at the same time they are as much disposed to become putrid as gelatine. The natives give the name of cheese to the coagulum, which is separated by the contact of the air; in the course of five or six days it becomes sour. The milk, kept for some time in a corked phial, had deposited a little coagulum, and still exhaled its balsamic odour. If the recent juice be mixed with cold water, the coagulum is formed in small quantity only; but the separation of the viscid membranes occurs when it is placed in contact with nitric acid. This remarkable tree seems to be peculiar to the Cordilliere du Littoral, especially from Barbula to the lake of Maracaybo. There are likewise some traces of it near the village of San Mateo; and, according to the account of M. Bredmeyer, in the valley of Caucagua, three days journey to the east of the Caraccas. This naturalist has likewise described the vegetable milk of the cowtree as possessing an agreeable flavour and an aromatic odour; the natives of Caucagua call it the milk-tree. New Researches on Heat.-MM. Dulong and Petit have lately given to the world a Memoir on Heat, which gained the prize medal for 1818, of the Academy of Sciences. The title of the paper is, “ On the Measure of Temperatures, and on the Laws of the Communication of Heat." Law 1. If the cooling of a body placed in a vacuum terminated by a medium absolutely deprived of heat, or of the power of radiating, could be observed, the velocity of cooling would decrease in a geometrical progression, whilst the temperature diminished, in an arithmetical progression. 2. For the same temperature of the boundary of the vacuum in which a body is placed, the velocity of cooling for the excess of temperature, in arithmetical progression, will decrease, as the terms of geometrical progression diminished by a constant number. The ratio of this geometrical progression is the same for all bodies, and equal to 1.0077. 3. The velocity of cooling in a vacuum for the same excess of temperature increases in a geometrical progression, the temperature of the surrounding body increasing in an arithmetical progression. The ratio of the progression is also 1.0077 for all bodies. 4. The velocity of cooling due to the contact of a gas is entirely independent of the nature of the surface of bodies. 5. The velocity of cooling due to the con 6. The cooling power of a fluid (gas) diminishes in a geometrical progression, when its tension or elasticity diminishes also in a geometrical progression. If the ratio of this second progression be 2, the ratio of the first will be for air 1.366; for hydrogen 1.301; for carbonic acid 1.431; for olefiant gas 1.415. This law may be expressed in the following manner : The cooling power of gas is, other things being equal, proportionate to a certain power of the pressure. The exponent of this power, which depends on the nature of the gas, is for air 0.45; for hydrogen 0.315; for carbonic acid 0.517; for olefiant gas 0.501. 7. The cooling power of a gas varies with its temperature; so that, if the gas can dilate so as to preserve the same degree of elasticity, the cooling power will be found diminished by the rarefaction of the gas, just as much as it is increased by its being heated; so that ultimately it depends upon its tension alone. It may be perceived, from the above propositions, that the law of cooling, composed of all the preceding laws, must be very complicated; it is not therefore given in common language, but may be found in a mathematical form in the body of the memoir. Lithography.The French Academy of Fine Arts, having appointed a Committee to examine the lithographical drawings of M. Engelmann of Mulhause, in the Upper Rhine, have reported, that the stone must be rendered capable of imbibing water, and also of receiving all greasy or resinous substances. The first object can be effected by an acid, which will corrode the stone, take off its fine polish, and thus make it susceptible of water. Any greasy substance is capable of giving an impression upon stone, whether the lines be made with a pencil or with ink; or otherwise, the ground of a drawing may be covered with a black greasy mixture, leaving the lines in white. Hence result two distinct processes: first, the engraving, by tracing, produced by the line of the pencil, or brush dipped in the greasy ink: secondly, the engraving by dots or lines, as is done on wood or copper. Impressions of prints may be easily obtained without any reversing, by transposing on the stone a drawing traced on paper with the prepared ink. All kinds of close calcareous stone, of an even and fine grain, which are capable of taking a good polish with pumice-stone, and having the quality of absorbing water, may be used for lithography. Composition of the Ink-Heat a glazed earthen vessel over the fire; when it is hot, introduce one pound by weight of white Marseilles soap, and as much mastic in grains; melt these ingredients, and mix them carefully; then incorporate five parts by weight of shell lac, and continue to stir it; to mix the whole, drop in gradually a solution of one part of caustic alkali in five times its bulk of water. Caution, however, must be used in making this addition, because should the ley be put in all at once, the liquor will ferment and run over. When the mixture is completed by a moderate heat and frequent stirring, a proportionate quantity of lamp-black must be added, after which a sufficient quantity of water must be poured in to make the ink liquid. Drawing. This ink is used for drawing ing on the stone, in the same manner as on paper, either with a pen or pencil; when the drawing on the stone is quite dry, and an impression is required, the surface of the stone must be wetted with a solution of nitric acid, in the proportion of fifty to one of water; this must be done with a soft sponge, taking care not to make a friction in the drawing. The wetting must be repeated as soon as the stone appears dry; and when the effervescence of the acid has ceased, the stone is to be carefully rinsed with clean water. Printing. While the stone is moist, it should be passed over with the printer's ball charged with ink, which will adhere only to those parts not wetted. A sheet of paper, properly prepared for printing, is then to be spread on the stone, and the whole committed to the press, or passed through a roller. To preserve the drawing on the stone from dust, when not in use, a solution of gum-arabic is passed over it, which can be easily removed by a little water. Instead of ink, chalk crayons are sometimes used for drawing upon the stone or upon paper, from which a counter-proof is taken upon the stone. The crayons are thus madethree parts of soap, two parts of tallow, and one part of wax, are all dissolved together in an earthen vessel. When the whole is well mixed, a sufficient quantity of lampblack, called Frankfort black, to give it an intense colour, is added; the mixture is then poured into moulds, where it must remain till it is quite cold, when it will be proper to be used as chalk pencils. French Kaleidoscopes. Our readers will no doubt have seen the various paragraphs in the French papers respecting the improvements on the kaleidoscope, and will have formed their own opinion of the pretensions of that class of inferior opticians. We have had occasion to see several of their Sugars. The market for Sugar has, during last month, been upon the whole lively, and the prices good. There has been some fluctuation in prices, but nothing of a magnitude to alter the general results. The stock on hand in London is 11,000 casks less than at the same period last year. As the greater proportion of the crops from the West Indies are now arrived, the prices can hardly fail to be maintained, if not to become higher. The crops this year in the Colonies have been unusually late, owing to the excessive wet weather in the early part of the season, which always injures the succeeding crop. When the first rains commence in June, if the canes cannot be got soon and regularly weeded, they get overrun with weeds, which prevent them from becoming as thick on the ground as they otherwise would. When employed in taking off the latter part of the crop at this period, as has been the case this season, this labour cannot be attended to. In consequence of which, an evil is sustained which cannot be remedied. The following crop, if good, can never be any thing uncommon. Sugars, therefore, may be expected to keep high prices from this cause alone, independent of any other cause which may occur to raise them.-Coffee. The prices of this article, as might have been expected, have fluctuated greatly. Prices have, however, given way considerably, and the market is at present heavy and dull. The stock on hand in London, is at present 5,400 tons, being 4,300 less than at the same period last year. The market for this article is likely to fluctuate considerably for some time, as the breath of speculation may move it, till it finds its proper level, and it is ascertained how far the supply is adequate to the demand. At present, it is a very unsafe article for the speculator to meddle with.-Cotton. The prices of this article have remained steady, and been fully supported, notwithstanding the total stagnation which had taken place in the spinning business in the chief manufacturing districts in England. Now that the unpleasant dispute between the masters and workmen are settled, or in a fair train of being so, it may reasonably be presumed, that Cotton will maintain its price, and the demand continue in full, if not in increased, activity. The quantity imported this year, exceeds that to the same period last year, by 130,000 bags. The crops in America are represented as having suffered considerably from excessive dry weather in June and July. The prices in the East Indies are raised to an unprecedented height, by native speculators, in consequence of the great demand from Europe. The consequences are likely to prove very injurious to those engaged, or newly engaging in that trade, as is scarcely to be expected that they can obtain the high prices in this country, to which the first cost, freight, and charges, entitle them. The consequences also may be very various, in a political point of view, to our national interests in India. Cotton exported to Great Britain, from that portion of our empire, is allowed duty free, while for internal consumpt it bears a considerable tax. The produce of our Cotton manufactures is allowed to be imported duty free into India, while their own productions are heavily taxed. This cannot fail to make a deep and unfavourable impression upon the minds of the more active and intelligent classes in India; namely, the labouring and commercial bodies, to our interests, which they must consider as partial and oppressive to them.-Corn. Notwithstanding the favourable appearance of the Grain last month, it advanced in price. During last week, the prices have been steady, and the sales of Flour limited. The probability is, that Grain has reached its highest price for this season.-Irish Provisions. In the article of Beef few sales have been made. The holders, however, anticipate higher prices, from the high prices of Pork. This article is in brisk demand.-Tobacco. The prices for some days remain steady, and the demand good. A report was industriously circulated some weeks ago, of the great scarcity of this article, both in America and the different markets in Europe. This probably originated with some interested speculators, but it does not appear to have had the effect on the market which they anticipated.-Hemp, Flax, and Tallow. The latter article has been in great demand, and at a very considerable advance. Hemp is also in considerable request. Flax may be stated as formerly.-Rum, Brandy, and Hollands. The price of Rum has lately advanced, but the prices at that advance are now become nominal. Brandy is more in demand, and at advanced rates. Owing to excessive dry weather, the vintage in France is greatly fallen off in quantity, which must have the effect of keeping the price of Brandy high. Geneva is without variation.-Dyewoods. Logwood has continued in demand. Considerable sales have been made in |