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nation of all the ftudents admitted as above.

..❝IV. That this examination be held pon the third Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, in November 1776, from nine to twelve in the mornings, and from two to five in the afternoons, of the Monday and Tuesday. ·

"V. That each perfon attending this examination be examined in the Latin and Greek claffics, and the elements of geometry and algebra.

"VI. That, at this examination, the examiners hereafter to be appointed declare, in a writing to be delivered to the Vice-chancellor, which of the perfons, then examined, appear upon the whole to be the best scholars, not diftinguishing more than a third part, and placing the perfons fo diftinguished according to their refpective orders of merit ; and that fuch declaration be published by the fenior proctor to the fenate, at the next following congregation, and copies thereof fent by him to each college.

VII. That each nobleman and fellow-commoner, admitted as above, be fubjected to one other public examination, and that fuch examination be held upon the fourth Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday in November 1777, from nine to twelve in the mornings, and from two to five in the afternoons, of the Monday and Tuesday.

VIII. That each perfon, attending this examination, be examined in Locke's Effay on the Human Understanding, natural philofophy, and modern history.

"IX. That at this fecond examination of the noblemen and fellow-commoners, in November 1777, the examiners hereafter to be appointed declare, in a writing to be delivered to the Vice-chancellor, which of the perfons, then examined, appear upon the whole to be the beft fcholars, not dif tinguishing more than a third part, and placing the perfons so distinguished according to their respective order of merit; that fuch declaration be published by the Vice chancellor to the fenate at the next following congregation, and copies thereof tranfmitted by him to the Chancellor of the University, and fent to each college.

"X. That perfons changing their order to become fellow commoners be, in the examinations, claffed with fuch as are of the fame standing with themfelves by admiffion.

"XI. That any nobleman and føle

low.commoner admitted as above, and having been refident, who fhall abfent himfelf from either of the preceding examinations, and any penfioner and fizar, in the fame circumstances, who hall abfent himself from the first, without fufficient reafon, fhall be publicly admonished, or fubjected to fuch other academical cenfure, fhort of ruftication, as the Vice-chancellor and the two proctors, or the Vice-chancellor with one proctor, fhall think the cafe deferves. That a reason, certified to the Vice-chancellor by the mafter or locum-tenens of his college, and approved by the major part of the Vicechancellor and Heads then refident, be deemed fufficient to excufe any person's abfence from a whole examination;and that a reason, approved by the major part of the feven examiners, hereafter to be appointed, be deemed fufficient to excufe any perfon's absence from any part of an examination.

"XII. That a fimilar courfe be obferved in the cafe of all the academic youth, who shall be admitted in each fucceeding year.

"XIII. That feven examiners, members of the fenate, or bachelors of law or phyfic, be annually appointed from the feveral colleges, in the order of the cycle of opponents in divinity: except that Trinity hall be added to King'scollege, and that the mode of appointing its own examiners be left to each college.

"XIV. That King's-college fhall appoint an examiner each of the first two years, and Trinity hall the third year, and fo always-That where three colleges are laid together to provide one examiner, they shall have the appointment according to feniority of foundation;and that the feven examiners, fo ap pointed, be prefented to the Vice-chan cellor, on or before the eleventh of June every year.

“XV. That at the first examination in November 1776, all the feven examiners examine fuch ftudents as fhall then attend; that at the examinations in November 1777, the two fenior of the feven examine the noblemen and fellow-commoners of the fenior year, the other five the students of the junior year, and fo always.

"XVI. That, befides the feven appointed examiners, any member of the fenate, or bachelor of law or phyfic, be at liberty to examine.

"XVII. That each of the feven examiners receive a gratuity of ten gui

neas

neas, to be paid out of the Universitycheft-That every nobleman and fellow-commoner, who shall be admitted after the 12th of November 1774, pay at his admiffion two guineas, and every penfioner half a guinea, towards replacing in the cheft fuch fums as fhall be thence fo iffued-And that all perfons already admitted, and fubjected to the above-mentioned examinations, be charged with the fame payments at the clofe of the prefent quarter.

"XVIII. That the moneys fo charged at the admiffions of noblemen, fellow-cmmoners, and penfioners, be accounted for to the Vice-chancellor, on the Saturdays next before the days of examination, by their respective tutors, who hall at the fame times deliver lifts of fuch of their pupils, as are to be examined, with the dates of their admifhions."

For the annexed obfervations, we must refer to the work itself. In general, thefe propofitions appear to us highly useful and expedient: we are glad, therefore, to hear that the author intends to offer them, in feparate graces, to the academical fenate, near the clofe of the prefent month, when we hope they will receive fuch fupport and fanction, as, on a mature difcuffion, they fhall be thought to deserve.

53. A Speech intended to have been Spoken on the Bill for altering the Charters of the Colony of Maffachufetts-Bay. Cadell.

HIS Lordship begins thus, " It is of fuch great importance to compofe or even moderate the diffenfions which fubfift at prefent between our unhappy country and her colonies, that I cannot help endeavouring, from the faint profpect I have of contributing fomething to fo good an end, to overcome the inexpreffible reluctance I feel at uttering my

thoughts before the most respectable of all audiences. The true object of all our deliberations on this occafion, which I hope we never fhall lofe fight of, is a full and cordial reconciliation with North America, Now I own, my lords, I have many doubts, whether the terrors and punishments we hang out to them at prefent, are the furett means of producing this reconciliation. Let us at leaft do the people of North America the juftice to own, that we can all remember a time when they were much better friends than at prefent to

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their mother-country. They are neithec our natural nor our determined enemies. Before the stamp act we confidered them in the light of as good fubjects as the natives of any county in England. It is worth while to enquire by what steps we first gained their af fection, and preferved it fo long; and by what conduct we have lately lost it.". After recapitulating the fimple and hap

ру method by which the colonies till of late were governed, their loyalty, and fubordination, &c. he proceeds, "I defire to have it understood, that I am oppofing no rights our legiflature may think proper to claim; I am only comparing two different methods of government. By your old rational and generous administration, by treating the Americans as your friends and fellowcitizens, you made them the happiest of human kind; and at the fame time drew from them, by commerce, more clear profit than Spain has drawn from all its mines; and their growing numbers were a daily increafing addition to your ftrength.". A little farther he fays, "My Lords, this is no vifionary or chimerical doctrine. The idea of governing provinces and colonies by force is vifionary and chimerical; the experiment has often been tried, and it has never fucceeded; it ends infallibly in the ruin of one country or the other, or in the latt degree of wretchednefs." Again, " But, my Lords, our difficulty lies in the point of ho nour. We must not let down the dignity of the mother-country, but preferve her fovereignty over all the parts of the British Empire. This language is pleasant to the ears of an Englishman, but is otherwife of little weight; for," adds he, "if it was unjust to tax them, we ought to repeal it for their fakes; if it was unwife to tax them, we ought to repeal it for our own. A matter fo trivial in itself as the three-penny duty upon tea, but which has given so much national hatred and reproach, ought not to be fuffered to fubfift an unneceflary day. Iown, I cannot comprehend, that there is any dignity, either in being in the wrong, or perfilling in it. I have

known friendship preferved, and affection gained, but I never knew dignity loft by the candid acknowledgment

of an error."

change

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<hange their government, he says, "Suffer them to enjoy a little longer that thort period of public integrity and domeftic happiness, which feems to be the portion allotted by Providence to young rifing ftates. Inftead of hop hing that their constitution may receive improvement from our skill in government, the most useful with I can form in their favour is, that heaven may long preferve them from our vices and politics! 'Tis hard, 'tis cruel, befides all our debts and taxes, to load our unhappy sons with the hatred and curfes of North America. Indeed, my Lords, we are treating pofterity very fcurvily; we have mortgaged all England, we have cut down all the oaks, we are now trampling down the fences, rooting up the feedlings and famplers, and ruining all the refources of another age. We fhall fend the next generation into the world, like the wretched heir of a worthless father, without money, credit, or friends, with a flripped, incumbered, perhaps untenanted eftate." He prepares to conclude thus: "My Lords, I have ventured to lay my thoughts before you on the greatest national concern that ever came under your deliberation, with as much honelty as will be met with from abler men, and with a melancholy assurance that it will be little regarded. And yet, my lords, with your permiffion, I will wafte one fhort argument more in the fame caufe; one that I own I am fond of, and which contains in it what I think must affect every generous mind. My Lords, I look upon North America as the only great nurfery of freemen left upon the face of the earth." Then, after an affecting account of the declining state of freedom in Poland, Sweden, Germany, Holland, &c. he adds: "As for the ftate of this country, my Lords, I can only refer myself to your own fecret thoughts. I am disposed to think and hope the best of public liberty. Were I to defcribe her according to my own ideas at prefent, 1 fhould fay that the has a fickly countenance, but I truft he has a strong conftitution. But whatever may be our future ftate, the greatest glory which attends this country, a greater than any other ever acquired, is to have formed and nurfed up to fuch a state of happiness, those colonies whom we are now fo eager to butcher," After faying that we ought rather to cherish them, he adds, "In

comparison of this, the policy of gas verning by influence, and even the pride of war and victory, are difhonest tricks, and contemptible pageantry. We feem not to be fenfible of the high and important truft which Providence has committed to our charge. The moft precious remains of civil liberry that the world can now boast of, are lodged in our hands; and God forbid that we should violate fo facred a depofit!... Let us be content with the fpoils of the Eaft. If your Lordships can fee no impropriety in it, let the plunderer and oppreffor ftill go free; but let not the love of liberty be the only crime you think worthy of pu nifhment!... No nation has ever before contrived in fo fhort a space of time, without war or public calamity (unless unwife measures may be fo called), to deftroy fuch ample resources of commerce and power as of late were ours, and which, if rightly improved, might have raised us to a state of 'more honourable and more permanent great. nefs than the world has yet feen.. But if the tendency of this bill is, as I own it appears to me, to acquire a power of governing them by influence and corruption; in the first place, my Lords, this is not true government, but a fophifticated kind, without the spirit or virtue of the true; and then, as it tends to debafe their fpirits, and corrupt their manners, to destroy all that is great and refpe&able in fo confiderable a part of the human fpecies, and by degrees to bend them together with the reft of the world under the yoke of univerfal flavery, I think, for thefe reafons, it is the duty of every wife man, of every honeft man, and of every Englishman, by all manner of lawful means to oppose it."

Even those who differ from his Lordfhip as to the expediency and propriety of the measures which he condemns, must do him the juftice to own that he is an able advocate for America, and that the picture which he has drawn of the probable confequences of thefe difputes is truly alarming; as, in his opi nion, a blacker cloud never hung over this island."

54. Confiderations on the Measures car rying on with refpect to the British Colonies in North America. 8vo. Baldwin.

THE author of this pamphlet, who, it is faid, is the eideft brother of the celebrated Mr. Montague, is a very able and

and fpirited advocate for the colonies, difcuffing with great ftrength of argument the claim of taxation, and the danger of enforcing it, even tho' the conteft fhould end in our favour. We will not injure it by an abridgement, but heartily recommend the difpaffionate confideration of the whole to all our ftatesmen and fenators, to all who have it in their power by lenient and conciliating measures to avert the evils which Mr. R-, without the fpirit of prophecy, here prognofticates. At all events, his name and that of Bishop Shipley will ever be held in honour in America, and we shall not wonder if their butts are placed beside the statues of Lords Chatham and Cainden.

Ss. Letters by the Earl of Chesterfield to bis Son. (Continued from p. 322.) AS an excellent fpecimen, not only

of his Lordship's humour, but alfo of the chief tenor of his advice, we fhall fubjoin a fuppofed dialogue which he thus introduces :-" I will fuppofe you at Rome, ftudying fix hours uninterruptedly with Mr. Harte, every morning, and paffing your evenings with the heft company of Rome, obferving their manners, and forming your own; and I will fuppofe a number of idle, fauntering, illiterate English, as there commonly is there, liv ing entirely with one another, fipping, drinking, and fitting up late at each others lodgings; commonly in riots and fcrapes when drunk; and never in good company when fober. I will take one of thefe pretty fellows, and give you the dialogue between him and yourfelf; fuch as, I dare fay, it will be on his fide, and fuch as, I hope, it will be on yours.

Englibman. Will you come and breakfast with me to morrow; there will be four or five of our countrymen; we have provided chaifes, and we will drive fome where out of town after breakfast?

Stanhope. I am very forry I can. Rot, but I am obliged to be at home all the morning.

E. Why then we will come and breakfast with you,

S. I cannot do that neither, I am engaged.

E. Well then, let it be the next day.

S. To tell you the truth, it can he no day in the morning; for I neither go out, nor fee any body at home, be fore dinner.

GENT. MAG. OЯober, 1774.

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E. And what the devil do you do with yourfelf before twelve o'clock ? S. I am not by myself, I am with Mr. Harte

E. Then what the devil do you do with him?

S. We ftudy different things; we read, we converse.

E. Very pretty amusement, indeed! are you to take orders then?

S Yes, my father's orders, I believe I must take.

E. Why haft thou no more fpirit than to mind an old fellow a thousand miles off?

S. If I don't mind his orders, h: won't mind my draughts.

E. What does the old prig threaten, then? Threatened folks live long; ne ver mind threats.

S. No, I can't fay that he has ever threatened me in his life; but I be lieve I had beft not provoke him.

E. Pooh! you would have one an gry letter from the old fellow, and there would be an end of it.

S. You miftake him mightily; hệ always does more than he fays. He has never been angry with me yet that I remember, in my life; but if I were to provoke him, I am fure he would never forgive me! he would be cooly immoveable, and I might beg, and pray, and write my heart out, to no purpose.

E. Why then he is an old dog, that's all I can fay and pray are you to obey your dry-nurse too, this fame, what's his name Mr. Harte?

S. Yes.

E. So he ftuffs you all the morning with Greek, and Latin, and logic, and all that. Egad, I have a dry nurse too, but I never looked into a book with him in my life; I have not fo much as feen the face of him this week, and don't care a louse if I never fee it again.

S. My dry nurse never defires any thing of me that is not reasonable, and for my own good; and, therefore, I like to be with him.

E. Very fententious and edifying, upon my word; at this rate you will be reckoned a very good young man

S. Why that will do me no harm. E. Will you be with us to-morrow in the evening then? We shall be ten with you, and I have got fome excellent good wine, and we'll be very merry.

S. I am very much obliged to you, but I am engaged for all the evening to-morrow; fift at Cardinal Albani's,

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baffador's.

E. How the devil can you like being always with thofe foreigners? I never go amongst them, with all their formalities and ceremonies. I am never easy in company with them, and I' don't know why, but I am ashamed.

S. I am neither afhamed nor afraid; I am very easy; they are very easy with me. I get the language, and I fee their characters by conversing with them; and that is what we are fent abroad for. Is it not?

E. I hate your modeft women's company; your women of fashion, as they call them I don't know what to fay to them, for my part.

S. Have you ever converfed with them?

E. No, I never converfed with them; but I have been fometimes in their company, though much against my will.

S. But at least they have done you no hurt; which is probably more than you can fay of the women you do converfe with.

E. That's true, I own; but for all that, I had rather keep company with my turgeon half the year, than with your women of fashion the year round.

S. Taftes are different, you know, and every man follows his own.

E. That's true, but thine's a devilith odd one, Stanhope. All the morning with thy dry- nurfe; all the evening in formal fine company; and all day long afraid of old daddy in England thou art a queer fellow, and I am afraid there's nothing to be made of thee..

:

S. I am afraid fo too.

E. Well then, good night to you ; you have no objection to my being drunk to night, which I certainly will be.

S. Not in the leaft; nor to your being fick to-morrow, which you certainly will be; and fo good night to you."

Lord Chesterfield's opinions and characters of men and books are peculiarly curious and intructive. With fome of them, therefore, we shall present pur readers and firft with thofe of the belt Italian authors.

"Though I formerly knew Italian extremely well, I could never underftand an author, to whom the Italians, from the admiration they had of him, have given the epithet of il divino; I mean Dante; for which reafon I had done with him, fully con.inced that

he was not worth the pains neceffary to understand him.

"The good Italian authors are, in my mind, but few; I mean authors of invention; for there are undoubtedly very good hiftorians, and excellent tranflators. The two poets worth your reading, and I was going to fay the only two, are Taffo and Ariofto. Tallo's Gierufalemme Liberata is altogether unquestionably a fine poem, though it has fome low, and many falfe thoughts in it; and Boileau very justly makes it the mark of a bad taste, to compare le clinquant de Taffe a l'or de Virgile. The image with which he adorns the introduction of his epic poem, is low and difgufting; it is that of a froward, fick, puking child, who is deceived into a dofe of neceffary phyfic, by du bor ton. However, the poem, with all its faults about it, may justly be called a fine one.

"If fancy, imagination, invention, defcription, &c. conftitute a poet, Ariofto is, unquestionably, a great one. His Orlando, it is true, is a medley of lies and truths, facred and profane, wars, loves, enchantments, giants, mad heroes, and adventurous damfels; but then he gives it you very fairly for what it is, and does not pretend to put it upon you for the true Epopée, or epic poem. The connections of his ftories are admirable, his reflections juft, his fneers and ironies incomparable, and his painting excellent. . . . Aftolpho's being carried to the moon by St. John, in order to look for Orlando's loft wits, at the end of the 34th book, and the many loft things that he finds there, is a happy extravagancy, and contains, at the fame time, a great deal of fenfe. It is alfo the fource of half the tales, novels, and plays, that have been written fince.

"The Paflor Fido of Guarini is fo celebrated, that you should read it; but, in reading it, you will judge of the great propriety of the characters. A parcel of the fhepherds and shepherdeffes, with the true paftoral fimplicity, talk metaphyfics, epigrams, concetti, and quibbles, by the hour, to each other.

"The Aminta del Taffo is much more, what it is intended to be, a paftoral. The fhepherds, indeed, have their concetti, and their antithefes; but are not quite fo fublime and abftracted as thofe in Paflor Fido. I think that you will like it much the best of the two.

"Petrarca is, in my mind, a fing fong, love fick poet; much admired, however,