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Epitome of Lieut. Cook's Voyage round the World.

wing, many of which are feen about
the Falkland Ifles.

On the 5th the water changed colour.
On the 6th faw land from the maft-
head.

On the 7 h they approached the land, and, from its elevated appearance, the general opinion was, that they had found the Terra Aufiralis incognita.

On the 8th they faw numbers of people fitting on the beach, and from the mast-head many inclofures with regu1ar palings. In the evening they caft anchor in ten fathom water, at the mouth of a fmall river, in view of a high chain of mountains, which appeared to be at a great diftance within land.

As foon as the fhip was ftationed, the Captain, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and a party of men went on Thore in the pinnace, with the yaul to attend them.

On landing, fome natives who were fitting on the beach ran away, and while the gentlemen were making up to fome huts near the fhore, four men rushed out of the woods, armed with fances, and attempted to cut off the yaul, in which were four boys that had charge of her. The cockfwain of the pinnace feeing their danger, called to them, to let the yaul drive, which they did; but the favages eagerly purfuing, the cockfwain fired a mufket over their heads. They at fit flood altonifhed, but looking round, and feeing nothing but smoke, "they continued their purfuit, when a fecond mufket was fired as the former, and with no better effect; but on one of the favages lifting up his lance to dart at the yaul, the cockfwain hot him dead. At which the others flood fometime motionleis, but recovering their fright, they endeavoured to drag away the dead body, which however they foon quitted to facilitate their flight. On the report of the first mufke, the gentlemen, and the party that accompanied them, got together, and returning to the boats, they found the dead man hot thro' the heart.

He was of the middle ftature, brown complexion, one fide of his face tattaowed, and he was covered with a garment of fine cloth, altogether new. They in ftantly returned to the hip, and on the 9th endeavoured to reconcile themfelves to the inhabitants, and to trade; but nothing that they had to offer feemed of any value to thefe favages, who, notwithstanding Tupia's language was perfectly understood by them, could not be prevailed upon to enter into friend

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19

fhip; but behaving with great infolence, and confenting to the exchange of nothing but arms for arms, (theirs being long pikes, with fhort truncheons of green talk polifhed, weighing from 4 to 5 pounds) after fhooting one of them dead, who had fnatched a fcymitar from one of the officers, and wounding half a fcore more with fmall fhot, they returned again to the fhip.

On the morning of September 10, the Captain manned the boats, and coafting along the bay, they came up with fome canoes, the people on board of which were employed in fishing; thefe they endeavoured to furprife, but all of them made their efcape, except the crew of one canoe, who, finding themfelves furrounded, began a defperate engagement with flones and paddles, and were not fubdued till four, out of feven of their number, were fhot dead. The other three, la is of 12, 15, and 19 years of age, leaped into the fea, and it was not, without difficulty that they were feized and made prifoners: thefe they entertained on board with all poffible kindness, cloathed them, and ornamented their wrifts and ancles after their own manner; and endeavoured, but in vain, to conciliate themselves, thro' their means, to the reft of the natives. The people near the river were enemies to the people in the bay from whence the youths were made captives; and all that then refulted from the fpilling of fo much innocent blood was, the fetting on fhore to their cannibal neighbours three lads, who prayed not to be there deferted, for that the people there would kill them and eat them. Finding nothing to be done here but quarrelling, they fet fail, and coafting along the main land with a gentle fail, they were vifited next day in a more friendly manner, and were told that the three lads were returned to their own homes, and that it was to their report that the visitors had ventured on board. These traded for all they had, even to their cloaths and paddles, and it was with reluctance that they quitted the fhip when night came on, and nothing more was to be done. Three of them actually concealed themfelves til morning; but when they tofe, and found that the thip had made confiderable way, they began to be very unealy; however, they were foon relieved by fome of their countrymen approaching the fhip, and carrying them off in their canoe. Here they learnt, that what the boys faid was

true,

20 Epitome of Lieut. Cook's Voyage round the World.

tue, that the inhabitants were meneaters. In coafting along this continent, as they fill imagined it to be, they fometimes paffed fmall islands, fometimes loft fight of land, and fometimes were entangled among rocks and fhallows. They beheld throughout their courfe the fhores lined with inhabitants; and whenever any of them approached near enough to be spoke with, they were well unde food by Tupia, and he by them. They were fometimes very friendly, but more often threatened war.

On Sunday the 15th, as they were coating along with an eafy fail, fome fishermen came off, and offered fome ftale fish to fell; thefe were purchased to encourage fome more valuable traffic; and prefently came along fide a large canoe with two and twenty armed men.

While the trade for fish was going on, Tayota, Tupia's boy, was employed on the outside the hip to hand up and down the articles of exchange; when all of a fudden the boy was miffing, and the canoes were paddling very fat away. The marines who were under arms, were ordered to fire, and one of the rowers of the canoe, on board of which the boy was fecreted, dropping, in the first moments of their confternation the boy got loofe, threw himself into the fea, and was fwimming towards the ship, when the large canoe pulled round to recover him; but fome mulkets and a great gun being levelled at her, the foon gave over the purfuit, the hip was brought to, a boat hoifted out, and the poor youth taken up unhurt, but fo frighted, that it was fome days before he refumed his wonted chearfulness; when bringing a fish to Tupia, he prefented it as an offering to his god for his providential efcape: an irrefragable proof of his belief of the interpofition of an over-ruling Providence.

On the 17th of Odober, having failed to the fouthward as far as lat. 40° 34' S. and finding the land altering for the worle, they charged their courie at Cape Turnagain, and fleered to the northward.

On the 20th they paffed the bay where they before had the fkirmilh with the natives; and on the 21ft anchored in a bay a few leagues to the northward, where finding the natives friendly difpofed, they landed to take a view of the country, and were delighted to fee inclofures, as neatly laid out, and as well cultivated, as in the

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moft fruitful parts of Europe. They likewife took notice of the decent manner in which the inhabitants lived; that they dreffed their food by roasting or baking, eat their meals at itated times, followed their feveral occupations regularly, cloathed themselves modeftly, especially the women; and that, by way of decoration, they painted their faces with red ocre and oil, by which many of the failors, who trafficked with the girls on fhore, brought away the marks upon their nofes. One inftance of delicacy prevailed generally among thefe people, that befpoke them not uncivilized, and that was, that to every three or four houfes was annexed a pivy; a convenience not every where to be met with among the Eu ropean nations, whofe pride would, notwithstanding, be hurt to be placed upon a level with these favages.

The people of this country, who were at firft fo hoftile, were now fo gentle and friendly, that nothing the ftrangers could afk was ever refused by them. Mr. Banks and his party being belated on thore, requested a canoe to carry them on board. In an inftant a canoe was launched, and placed in readiness for them to enter; but their request was near proving fatal to the company, eight in number, who not being accuftomed to balar ce fuch boats, almoft as foon as they put off from shore, overset the canoe in the furf. Fortunately, no life was loft. Only half the number ventured to embark a fecond time, and half the number were carried fafe to the fhip; the other half were left for a fecond tup, and they were carried fafe alfo.

In a neighbouring harbour, to which thefe friendly Zealanders directed the fhip to compleat her wood and water, they were fu prifed and delighted with the view of a natural curiofity, that exceeded any thing they had ever beheld. It was a molt ftupendous arch, formed naturally, in the middle of a rock, communicating with the fea, and exhibiting a mod delightful view of the hills and adjacent vallies on the oppofite fide. The breadth of the arch was 27 fee, the depth 75, and the height 40 feet.

In their walks along the averues from thi harbour, Mr. Banks's party were met by an old wanior, who diverted them with a fham attack after his country manner; a poft was his his adverfary, and a lance and patapatoo were his weapons; the lance

was

Epitome of Lieut. Cook's Voyage round the World.

was about twelve feet long, and the pata-patoo about fifteen inches, in fh pe like a battledore, with the broad end fharpened all round to an edge, and the handle finely polished. He first attacked the poft with his lance, and having pierced it, fell upon it with his pati-patoo, cleaving it at every stroke, to fhew the manner of cleaving the head of an enemy. The pata-patoo appears to be a more deadly weapon than even the tomohawk of the Indians of North America; and, as the NorthAmeric in Indian plumes himself upɔn the fcalps of the enemy, fo these warriors carry off in triumph the jawbones. The North-American Indian tortures his prifoner; the New Zealander eats him. Such is the favage brutality practifed by rational men !

Here they faw birds of beautiful colours, and plants innumerable, altogether different from any known in Europe; but no articles of traffic, fish and a few curiofities only excepted!

As they proceeded to the north west, along the coaft, the inhabitants, who had not yet been made acquinted with their power of doing mifchief, renewed their hoftilities; but it does not appear that more than two or three lives were loft in thefe attacks.

On the 4th of November they anchored in a bay, where they moored the hip, intending to observe the tranfit of Mercury on the 9th.

On the 8th, their latitude, by obfervation, was 36° 47′ 43′′ S.

On the 9th, the tranfit came on at 7h. 20' 58" apparent time. According to Mr. Green, the aflionomer, the internal contact was at 12h. 8' 58", the external at 12h. 9' 55" p. m.; but, according to the Captain, the internal contact was at 12h. 8' 54", and the external 12h. 9' 48" the latitude of the place of obfervation was 36° 48' 51" By an erior of the prefs in the original 30° is printed for 36o, of which fonie notice fhould be taken in the errata.

1.

:

While the gentlemen were busy in making their obfervations on fhore, a fray happened between the natives and the fhip's company on board, in which an Indian was fhot dead by the commanding officer.

On reviewing the country, they obferved a kind of fortification on the top of a hill, which excited their curiofity to vifit. On examining the fi tuation, they found, that both art and nature concuried to make it almost im

21

pregnable. It was defended on three fides by inaccellible rocks, and on the fourth by a ditch and bank, which, from the bottom of one to the top of the other, measured two-and-twenty feet. It had been befides defended by paliffadoes, projecting forwards over the ditch; but thefe appeared to have been destroyed by fire: fo that these people do not feem wanting in the knowledge of attacking fortified pla

ces.

On the 20th, ftill continuing coafting along the island, they anchored in a bay, where the natives received them with open arms; and, going afhore to examine the country, they found in the woods trees of an incredible fize, one of which measured nineteen feet eight inches in the girt, fix feet above the ground, and from the root to the first branch eighty-nine feet, and as ftraight as an arrow, and tapered but very little in proportion to its height. Between the woods in which thefe trees grow, there runs a river not unlike the Thames, where fhips of any burden might ride in fafety, and load with all imaginable eafe.

On Tuesday the 5th of December, the fhip fruck against a rock, but received no damage.

On the 6th, being in latitude 34° 59' S. and landing to haul the feine, the Indians laughed at their nets, and fhewed them one of theirs five fathom deep, and not less than three or four hundred fathom long, made of a kind of grafs which is very ftrong. Their chief employment feems to be fishing, at which they are very expert.

In traversing the coaft, they found the northermott cape of the country to lie in lat. 34° 30'S. long. 187°18' W.

They then stood to the fouthward, to examine the oppofite fide of the country; and, on the 16th of January, anchored within fifteen miles of Murderers-bay, where Tafman loft a part of his crew. Here they found that dogs and men were equally eaten as dainties by the inhabitants; but, notwithstanding this favage cuftom, they found the people civil and obliging, and not at all difpofed to mischief, yet our Chriftian people, to fhew their difpofition to peace, thot and wounded two or three of them for fport. In this ftation they were ferenaded in the night with the melody of birds, the fweeteft they ever heard fing. Their number was incredible, and their notes, when united, fo fhrill, that

they

22 Remarks on the Difpute about the Moon's Rotation round her Axis.

they were heard diftin&tly at a quarter of a mile's distance from the fhore.

On the 30th of January, Captain Cook caufed two memorials to be erected, one near the watering place, and one an adlacent inland, and took folemn poffeffion of this and the adjoia. ing country, in the name of K.George III. and honoured the inlet in which they rode with the name of Queen Charlotte's found, being in lat. 41° 5' 32" S.

While they lay in this bay, an old man was very friendly, and fond of Tupia, who asked him many questions, particularly whether they had any tradi in among them of ever being visited by fuck a fhip or people as what they now faw: He answered in the negative; but added, that his ancestors had told him, that a fmal veffel, with four men, from a diftant country, called Ulimaroa, had once come to that place, but were all murdered.

Having quitted this place on the 6th of February, 1770, they found a ftrait, which divided the country, thro' which they failed, and then changed their courfe to the eastward.

[To be concluded in our next.]

Remarks on the Dispute about the Rotation of the Moon round her Axis. Addreffed to W. GARDINER, Efti THE difputants on both fides the

question admit the principal fa&, that the moon ever fhews the fame face to the earth; and both fides, in all probability, have exactly the fame ideas of the moon's motion. In what, then, can they differ, but in the name by which this motion is to be called? Settle the idea of "turning round an axis," and all difputing vanifhes; but, if the two parties let out with a different definition, one may affirm, the other deny, yet both agree. Nothing can make this matter plainer than what the late Prefident of the Royal Society recommended to you, viz. to march round the table, and keep your face always turned towards a candle placed in the middle.-You did fo.-I dare fay the Prefident conceived as justly of your motion, as you who performed it; yet the Prefident would jay, you had made a revolution round your own axis, becaufe your face had been fucceffively turned toward the four quarters of the world.-You, on the contrary, jay not; because, as you

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allege (and that with truth), you had not gone round on your heel."

Machines, however ingeniously contrived, can prove nothing. All the ufe that can be made of them is to fhew a fpectator an exact refemblance of the feveral motions in queftion, and then afk by what name each fhould be called, whether revolution or rotation; and thus, indeed, we may make experiments to fettle the meaning of a word. Whether this be worthy of a philofopher, I will not fay; but it is certainly a pity, that they who really! think alike thould yet believe they differ, because they do not all speak the fame thing. W. L.

Mr. URBAN,

ON reading the account in the papers

fome time ago, of a man who pretended to open the head of any animal, and to cure it again in a very short time, it put me in mind of Sir Kenelme Digby's fympathetic powder, of which he gives the following remarkable ac

count:

"Mr. James Howell, fays Sir Kenelme, well known for his public works, endeavouring to part two of his friends engaged in a duel, feized, with his left hand, the hilt of the fword of one of the combat nts, and, with his right hand, laid held of the blade of the other. They, being transported with fury one against the other, ftruggled to rid themfelves of the hinderance their friend made to prevent mischief: and one of them, roughly drawing the blade of his fword, cut to the very bone the nerves and mufcles of Mr. Howell's hand; and then the other, difengaging his hilt, gave a cross blow at his adverfary's head, which glanced towards his friend, who lifting up his wounded hand to fave the blow, he was wounded on the back of his hand, as he had been before on the infide. The two combatants, feeing Mr. Howell's face befmeared with blood by lifting up his wounded hand, left off fighting at once, and ran to embrace him; and, having fearched his hurts, they bound up his hand with one of his garters, to clofe the veins which were cut and bled abundantly. They brought him home, and fent for a furgeon; but this being heard at court, the King fent one of his own furgeons, for his Majefty much affected Mr. Howell.

Wonderful Effects of a sympathetic Powder.

"It was my chance to be lodged hard by him, and four or five days after, as I was making myself ready, he came to my houfe, and prayed me to view his wounds; "for I understand," faid he," that you have extraordinary remedies upon fuch occafions, and my furgeons are apprehenfive, that my wound may grow to a gangrene, and fo the hand must be cut off." In ef. fect, his countenance fhewed that he was in much pain, which he said was infupportable, in regard of the extreme inflammation.

I told him I would

willingly ferve him, but if haply he knew the manner how I would treat him, without touching the wound, or feeing it, perhaps he would not expofe himself to my cure, because he might think it either ineffectual or fuperitiious. He replied, that "the wonderful things which many have related unto me of your way of curing, make me nothing at all doubt of its efficacy." I asked him then for any thing that had the blood upon it; fo he prefently fent for his garter wherewith his hand was first bound; and, having called for a balon of water, as if I would wash my hands, I took a handful of powder of vitriol, which I had in my ftudy, and prefently diffolved it.

As

foon as the bloody garter was brought me, I put it within the bafon, obferving, in the mean while, what Mr. Howell did, who flood talking with a gentleman in the corner of my chamber, not regarding at all what I was dong; but he started fuddenly, as if he had found fome strange alteration in himself. I asked him, What Ire ailed?" I know not what ails me," replied he, "but I find that I feel no more pain. Methinks that a pleafing kind of freshnefs, as if a wet cold napkin did fpread over my hand, has taken away the inflammation that tormented me formerly." I answered, Since you feel already fo good an effect of my medicament, I advife youto cait away all your plaifters; only keep the wound clean, and in a moderate temper betwixt heat and cold. This was reported to the Duke of Buckingham, and a little after to the King, who were both very curious to know the circumftance of the business, which was, that, after dinner, I took the garter out of the water, and put it to dry before a great fire. It was icarce dry but Mr. Howell's fervant came in running, that his maßler felt as much burning as ever he had done, if not

23

more; for the heat was fuch, as if his hand was betwixt coals of fire. I anfwered, that though that had happened at prefent, yet he should find eafe in a fhort time; for I knew the reafon of this accident, and I would provide accordingly; for his matter fhould be free from that inflammation, it may be, before he could poffibly return unto him; but, in cafe he found no ease, wished him to come prefently back again; if not, he might forbear coming. Thereupon he went; and, at the inftant, I did put again the garter into the water, and he found his master without any pain at all.

King James, who had received a punctual information of what had happened, would fain know how it was done I readily told him what the author, from whom I had the fecret, faid to the great Duke of Tuscany on the like occafion: (it was a religious Carmelite, who came from the Indies and Perfia to Florence; he had alfo been in China, and having done many ftrange cures with his powder, after his arrival in Tufcany,) the Duke faid he would be very glad to learn it of him; and the Carmelite anfwered, that it was a fecret he had learnt in the oriental parts, and he thought there was not any perfon in Europe who knew it but himself, and that it deferved not to be divulged, which could not be done if his Highnefs meddled with the practice of it, because he was not likely to do it with his own hand, but mult truft a furgeon, or fome other fervant; fo that in a fhort time divers others would come to know it as well as himself.-But a few months after, I had an opportunity to do an important courtefy to the Carmelite, which induced him to difcover unto me his fecret, and the fame year he returned to Perfia; fo that now there is no other knows this fecret in Europe but myself. The King replied, that I need not be apprehenfive that he would difcover any thing, for he would not trust any body in the world to make experience of his fecret, but that he would do it with his own hands, and therefore defired fome of the powder, which I delivered, inftru&ting him in all the circumstances; whereupon his Majesty made fundry proofs, whence he received fingular fatisfaction."

How far this may be credited in this enlightened age, I will not pretend to fay; yet Mr. Bayle, the author of the

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