his own way in the world, he disdained all, sardid considerations. Nothing can be nobler, or more natural, than the way in which he expresses this sentiment, in another letter to his wife, written a few weeks after the preceding: Many of the Captains here have expressed a desire that I would give them a general notice when ever I go to court; and if they are within five hundred miles, they will come up to attend me! Now all this is very pleasing; but, alas! my love, until we have peace, I shall never be happy: and yet, how we are to make it out in peace, I know not,with high rank and no fortune. At all events, we can do as we did before. It is true I have the chief command, but there are neither French nor Spaniards on the sea, and our cruisers find nothing but neutrals, who carry on all the trade of the enemy. Our prizes you see are lost. Villeneuve's ship had a great deal of money in her, but it all went to the bottom. I am afraid the fees for this patent will be large, and pinch me: But never mind; let others solicit pensions, I am an Englishman, and will never ask for money as a favour. How do my darlings go on? I wish you would make them write to me by turns, and give me the whole history of their proceedings. Oh! how I shall rejoice, when I come home, to find them as much improved in knowledge as I have advanced them in station in the world: But take care they do not give themselves foolish airs. Their excellence should be in knowledge, in virtue, and benevolence to all; but most to those who are humble, and require their aid. This is true nobility, and is now become an incumbent duty on them. I am out of all patience with Bounce. The consequential airs he gives himself since he became a Right Honourable dog, are insufferable. He considers it beneath his dignity to play with Commoners' dogs, and, truly, thinks that he does them grace when he condescends to lift up his leg against them. This, I think, is carrying the insolence of rank to the extreme; but he is a dog that does it.-25th December. This is Christmas-day; @merry and cheerful one, I hope, to all my darlings. May God bless us, and grant that we may pass the next together. Everybody is very good to me; but his Majesty's letters are my pride: it is there I feel the object of my life attained." And again, in the same noble spirit is the following to his father-in-law: "I have only been on shore once since I left England, and do not know when I shall go again. I am unceasingly writing, and the day is not long enough for me to get through my business. I hope my children are every day acquiring some knowledge, and wish them to write a French letter every day to me or their mother. I shall read them all when I come home. If there were an opportunity, I should like them to be taught Spanish, which is the most elegant language in Europe, and very easy. I hardly know how we shall be able to support the dignity to which his Majesty has been pleased to raise ine. Let others plead for pensions; I can be rich without money, by endeavouring to be supe; rior to everything poor. I would have my services to my country unstained by any interested motive; and old Scott and I can go on in our cabbage-garden without much greater expense than formerly. But I have had a great destruction of my furniture and stock; I have hardly a chair that has not a shot in it, and many have lost both legs and arms-without hope of pension! My wine broke in moving, and my pigs slain in battle; and these are heavy losses where they cannot be replaced. "I suppose I shall have great demands on me for patents and fees: But we must pay for being great. get no prize-money. Since I left England, I have received only 1831., which has not quite paid for my wine; but I do not care about being rich, if we can -! I am "How sorry am I for poor Miss sure you will spare no pains for her; and do not lose sight of her when she goes to Edinburgh. Tell her that she must not want any advice or any comfort; but I need not say this to you, my beloved, who are kindness itself. I am much obliged to the Corporation of Newcastle for every mark which they give of their esteem and approbation of my service. But where shall we find a place in our small house for all those vases and epergnes? A kind letter from them would have gratified me as much, and have been less trouble to them." "My darlings, Sarah and Mary, ings, and desire you to write to me very often, and "I was delighted with your last letters, my blesstell me all the news of the city of Newcastle and days, and many a good laugh together yet. Be town of Morpeth. I hope we shall have many happy kind to old Scott; and when you see him weeding my oaks, give the old man a shilling! May God Almighty bless you.' The patent of his peerage was limited to the heirs male of his body; and, having only daughters, he very early expressed a wish that it might be extended to them and their male heirs. But this was not attended to. When he heard of his pension, he wrote, in the same lofty spirit, to Lord Barham, that if the title could be continued to the heirs of his daughters, he did not care for the pension at all! and in urging his request for the change, he reminded his Lordship, with an amusing naiveté, that government ought really to show some little favour to his daughters, considering that, if they had not kept him constantly at sea since 1793, he would probably have had half a dozen sons by this time, to succeed him in his honours! It is delightful to read and extract passages like these; but we feel that we must stop; and that we have already exhibited enough of this book, both to justify the praises we have bestowed on it, and to give our readers a full impression of the exalted and most amiable character to which it relates. We shall add no more, therefore, that is merely personal to Lord Collingwood, except what belongs to the decay of his health, his applications for recall, and the death that he magnanimously staid to meet, when that recall was so strangely withheld. His constitution had been considerably impaired even before the action of Trafalgar; but in 1808 his health seemed entirely to give way; and he wrote, in August of that year, earnestly entreating to be allowed to come home. The answer to his application was, that it was so difficult to supply his place, that his recall must, at all events, be suspended. In a letter to Lady Collingwood, he refers to this correspondence, and after mentioning his official application to the Admiralty, he says: "What their answer will be, I do not know ye! but I had before mentioned my declining health to Lord Mulgrave, and he tells me in reply, that he hopes I will stay, for he knows not how to supply my place. The impression which his letter made upon me was one of grief and sorrow: first, that with such a list as we have including more than a hundred admirals-there should be thought to be any difficulty in finding a successor of superior ability to me; and next, that there should be any obstacle in the way of the only comfort and happiness that I have to look forward to in this world." In answer to Lord Mulgrave's statement, he afterwards writes, that his infirmities had sensibly increased; but "I have no object in the world that I put in competition with my public duty; and so long as your lordship thinks it proper to continue me in this command, my utmost efforts shall be made to strengthen the impression which you now have; but I still hope, that whenever it may be done with convenience, your lordship will bear in mind my request." Soon after he writes thus to his family:-"I am an unhappy creature-old and worn out. I wish to come to England; but some objection is ever made to it." And, again, "I have been very unwell. The physician tells me that it is the effect of constant confinement-which is not very comfortable, as there seems little chance of its being otherwise. Old age and its infirmities are coming on me very fast; and I am weak and tottering on my legs. It is high time I should return to England; and I hope I shall be allowed to do it before long. It will otherwise be too late." And it was too late! He was not relievedand scorning to leave the post assigned to him, while he had life to maintain it, he died at it, in March, 1810, upwards of eighteen months after he had thus stated to the government his reasons for desiring a recall. The following is the editor's touching and affectionate account of the closing scene-full of pity and of grandeur and harmonising beautifully with the noble career which was destined there to be arrested :: "Lord Collingwood had been repeatedly urged by his friends to surrender his command, and to seek in England that repose which had become so necessary in his declining health; but his feelings on the subject of discipline were peculiarly strong, and he had ever exacted the most implicit obedience from others. He thought it therefore his duty not to quit the post which had been assigned to him, until he should be duly relieved, and replied, that his life was his country's, in whatever way it might be required of him.' When he moored in the har. bour of Port Mahon, on the 25th of February, be was in a state of great suffering and debility; and having been strongly recommended by his medica attendants to try the effect of gentle exercise on horseback, he went, immediately on store, accom panied by his friend Captain Hallowell, who left has ship to attend him in his illness: but it was then too late. He became incapable of bearing the slightest fatigue; and as it was represented to him that be return to England was indispensably necessary for the preservation of his life, he, on the 3d of March, surrendered his command to Rear Admiral Martin. The two following days were spent in unsuccessful hon; but on the 6th the wind came round to the attempts to warp the Ville de Paris out of Port Mawestward, and at sunset the ship succeeded in clear ing the harbour, and made sail for England. When Lord Collingwood was informed that he was aga at sea, he rallied for a time his exhausted strength, and said to those around him, Then I may yet live to meet the French once more.' On the morning of the 7th there was a considerable swell, and his friend Captain Thomas, on entering his cabin, observed, that he feared the motion of the vessel disturbed him. No, Thomas,' he replied; I am now in a state in which nothing in this world can disturb consolatory to you, and all who love me, to see how me more. I am dying; and I am sure it must be comfortably I am coming to my end.' He told one of his attendants that he had endeavoured to review, as far as was possible, all the actions of his past life, and that he had the happiness to say, that nothing gave him a moment's uneasiness. He spoke a test in which he was about to leave his country iatimes of his absent family, and of the doubtful convolved, but ever with calmness and perfect resigna tion to the will of God; and in this blessed state of mind, after taking an affectionate farewell of his attendants, be expired without a struggle at six o'clock of fifty-nine years and six months. in the evening of that day, having attained the age After his decease, it was found that, with the exception of the stomach, all the other organs of life were peculiarly vigorous and unimpaired; and from this inspection, and the age which the surviving members of his family have attained, there is every lieved from his command, he would still have been reason to conclude that if he had been earlier rein the enjoyment of the honours and rewards which would doubtless have awaited him on his return to England." The remainder of this article, containing discussions on the practices of flogging in the Navy, and of Impressment (to both which Lord Collingwood, as well as Nelson, were opposed), is now omitted; as scarcely possess ing sufficient originality to justify its republi cation, even in this Miscellany. (December, 1828.) Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824, 1825 (with Notes upon Ceylon); an Account of a Journey to Madras and the Southern Provinces, 1826; and Letters written in India. By the late Right Reverend REGINALE HEBER, Lord Bishop of Calcutta. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1828. THIS is another book for Englishmen to be person to whom it relates-and that combina proud of almost as delightful as the Memoirs of Lord Collingwood, and indebted for its attractions mainly to the same cause-the singularly amiable and exalted character of the tion of gentleness with heroic ambition, and simplicity with high station, which we would still fondly regard as characteristic of our own nation. To us in Scotland the combination Lee.ns, in this instance, even more admirable the rank and opulence which the station im. than in that of the great Admiral. We have plied, were likely to realise this character in no Bishops on our establishment; and have those who should be placed in it, that our been accustomed to think that we are better ancestors contended so strenuously for the without them. But if we could persuade our- abrogation of the order, and thought their selves that Bishops in general were at all like Reformation incomplete till it was finally put Bishop Heber, we should tremble for our Pres- down-till all the ministers of the Gospel byterian orthodoxy; and feel not only venera- were truly pastors of souls, and stood in no tion, but something very like envy for a com- other relation to each other than as fellownunion which could number many such men labourers in the same vineyard. among its ministers. The notion entertained of a Bishop, in our antiepiscopal latitudes, is likely enough, we admit, not to be altogether just:-and we are far from upholding it as correct, when we say, that a Bishop, among us, is generally supposed to be a stately and pompous person, clothed in purple and fine linen, and faring sumptuously every day-somewhat obsequious to persons in power, and somewhat haughty and imperative to those who are beneath himwith more authority in his tone and manner, than solidity in his learning; and yet with much more learning than charity or humility -very fond of being called my Lord, and driving about in a coach with mitres on the panels, but little addicted to visiting the sick and fatherless, or earning for himself the blessing of those who are ready to perish "Familiar with a round If this notion be utterly erroneous, the picture which Bishop Heber has here drawn of himself, must tend powerfully to correct it. If, on the other hand, it be in any respec: just, he must be allowed, at all events, to have been a splendid exception. We are willing to take it either way. Though we must say that we incline rather to the latter alternative-since it is difficult to suppose, with all due allowance for prejudices, that our abstract idea of a Bishop should be in such flagrant contradiction to the truth, that one who was merely a fair specimen of the order, should be most accurately characterised by precisely reversing every thing that entered into that idea. Yet this is manifestly the case with Bishop Heber-of whom we do not know at this moment how we could give a better description, than by merely reading backwards all we have now ventured to set down as characteristic of his right reverend Of Ladyships-a stranger to the poor' brethren. Learned, polished, and dignified, decorous in manners, but no foe to luxurious he was undoubtedly; yet far more conspicuindulgences-rigid in maintaining discipline ously kind, humble, tolerant, and laboriousamong his immediate dependents, and in ex- zealous for his church too, and not forgetful of acting the homage due to his dignity from the his station; but remembering it more for the andignified mob of his brethren; but perfectly duties than for the honours that were attached willing to leave to them the undivided privi- to it, and infinitely more zealous for the releges of teaching and of comforting their peo-ligious improvement, and for the happiness, ale, and of soothing the sins and sorrows of their erring flocks-scornful, if not openly hostile, upon all occasions, to the claims of the People, from whom he is generally sprung and presuming every thing in favour of the royal will and prerogative, by which he has been exalted-setting, indeed, in all cases, a much higher value on the privileges of the few, than the rights that are common to all, and exerting himself strenuously that the former may ever prevail-caring. more, accordingly, for the interests of his order than the general good of the church, and far more for the Church than for the Religion it was established to teach-hating dissenters still more bitterly than infidels-but combating both rather with obloquy and invocation of civil penalties, than with the artillery of a powerful reason, or the reconciling influences of a humble and holy life-uttering now and hen haughty professions of humility, and gularly bewailing, at fit seasons, the sevent of those Episcopal labours, which sadder, and even threaten to abridge a life, which all other eyes appears to flow on in almost unbroken leisure and continued in dulgenc! This, or something like this, we take to be the notion that most of us Presbyterians have been used to entertain of a modern Bishop: and it is mainly because they believed that and spiritual and worldly good of his fellowcreatures, of every tongue, faith, and complexion: indulgent to all errors and infirmi ties-liberal, in the best and truest sense of the word-humble and conscientiously diffident of his own excellent judgment and neverfailing charity-looking on all men as the children of one God, on all Christians as the redeemed of one Saviour, and on all Christian teachers as fellow-labourers, bound to help and encourage each other in their arduous and anxious task. His portion of the work, accordingly, he wrought faithfully, zealously, and well; and, devoting himself to his duty with a truly apostolical fervour, made no scruple to forego, for its sake, not merely his personal ease and comfort, but those domestic affections which were ever so much more valuable in his eyes, and in the end, we fear, consummating the sacrifice with his life! If such a character be common among the dig. nitaries of the English Church, we sincerely congratulate them on the fact, and bow ou heads in homage and veneration before them If it be rare, as we fear it must be in any church, we trust we do no unworthy service in pointing it out for honour and imitation to all; and in praying that the example, in all its parts, may promote the growth of similar virtues among all denominations of Christians, in every region of the world. those, only in the course of some limited pr fessional or official occupation, and only wh the eyes of their peculiar craft or profession They have been traders, or soldiers, or taxgatherers—with here and there a diplomatis agent, an engineer, or a naturalist-all, to busy, and too much engrossed with the specia object of their several missions, to have time to look to the general condition of the countryand almost all moving through it, with a renue and accompaniment of authority, which excluded all actual contact with the People. and even, in a great degree, the possibility of seeing them in their natural state. We have historical memoirs accordingly, and accounts of military expeditions, of great value ar ! accuracy; and are beginning to have reports of the culture of indigo, of the general profits of trade, and of the heights and structure of mountains, that may be depended on. But, with the exception of Mr. Elphinstone's Caubul and Sir John Malcolm's Central Indiaboth relating to very limited and peculiar dis tricts-we have no good account of the country or the people. But by far the worst obstruc tion to the attainment of correct information is to be found in the hostility which has prevailed for the last fifteen or twenty years, be tween the adversaries and the advocates of the East India Company and its moropoly and which has divided almost all who are now able and willing to enlighten us on its concerns, into the champions of opposite factions; characterised, we fear we must add, with a full share of the partiality, exaggeration, and inaccuracy, which has at all times been chargeable upon such champions. In so large and complicated a subject, there is room ci course, for plausible representations on both sides; but what we chiefly complain of is that both parties have been so anxious to make a case for themselves, that neither of them have thought of stating the whole far's so as to enable the public to judge between them. They have invariably brought forward only what they thought peculiarly favourabla for themselves, or peculiarly unfavourable for the adversary, and have fought to the utter ance upon those high grounds of quarrel; but have left out all that is not prominent and remarkable-that is, all that is truly character. istic of the general state of the country, and the ordinary conduct of its government; by reference to which alone, however, the real magnitude of the alleged benefits or abuse can ever be truly estimated. But though the great charm of the book beed; and have for the most part seen even derived from the character of its lamented author, we are not sure that this is by any means what will give it its great or most permanent value. Independently of its moral attraction, we are inclined to think it, on the whole, the most instructive and important publication that has ever been given to the world, on the actual state and condition of our Indian Empire: Not only exhibiting a more clear, graphic, and intelligible account of the country, and the various races by which it is people 1, by presenting us with more candid, judicious, and reasonable views of all the great questions relating to its destiny, and our interests and duties with regard to it, than are any where else to be met with. It is the result, no doubt, of a hasty and somewhat superficial survey. But it embraces a very wide and various range, and thus affords the means of correcting errors, which are almost inseparable from a narrower observation; and has, above all, the inestimable advantage of being given while the freshness of the first impression was undiminished, and the fairness of the first judgment unperverted by the gradual accumulation of interests, prejudices, and deference to partial authorities; and given by a man not only free from all previous bias, but of such singular candour, calmness, and deliberation of judgment, that we would, in almost any case, take his testimony, even on a superficial view, against that of a much cleverer person, who, with ampler opportunities, had surveyed or reported with the feelings, consciously or unconsciously cherished, of an advocate, a theorist, a bigot, or a partisan. Unhappily, almost all who have hitherto had the means of knowing much about India, have been, in a greater or less degree, subject to these influences; and the consequence has been, that though that great country is truly a portion of our own-and though we may find, in every large town, whole clubs of intelligent men, returned after twenty or thirty years' residence in it in high situations, it is nearly impossible to get any distinct notion of its general condition, or to obtain such information as to its institutions and capacities as may be furnished by an ordinary book of travels, as to countries infinitely less important or easy of access. Various causes, besides the repulsions of a hostile and jealous religion, have conspired to produce this effect. In the first place, the greater part of our revenans have been too long in the other world, to be able to describe it in such a way as to be either interesting or intelligible to the in- It is chiefly for these reasons that we have habitants of this. They have been too long hitherto been shy, perhaps to a blamable ex familiar with its aspect to know how they cess, in engaging with the great questions of would strike a stranger; and have confounded, Indian policy, which have of late years er in their passive and incurious impressions, the grossed so much attention. Feeling the ex most trivial and insignificant usages, with treme difficulty of getting safe materials for practices and principles that are in the highest our judgment, we have been conscientiously degree curious, and of the deepest moral con- unwilling to take a decided or leading part cernment. In the next place, by far the greater discussions which did not seem to us to be part of these experienced and authoritative conducted, on either part, in a spirit of per residents have seen but a very small portion fect fairness, on a sufficient view of well-es of the mighty regions with which they are tablished facts, or on a large and comprehen too hastily presumed to be generally acquaint-sive perception of the principles to which they referred. With a strong general leaning the bath, after having spent the morning in against all monopoly and arbitrary restrictions, the offices of religion, on the 3d of April of we could not but feel that the case of India that year. was peculiar in many respects; and that more The work before us consists of a very cothan usual deliberation was due, not only to pious journal, written for and transmitted to its vast practical importance, but to the weight his wife, during his long peregrinations; and of experience and authority that seemed ar- of several most valuable and interesting let rayed against our predilections; and we long-ters, addressed to her, and to his friends in ed, above all things, for a calm and dispas- England, in the course of the same journey; sionate statement of facts, from a recent and all written in a very pleasing, and even ele intelligent observer, unconnected, if possible, gant, though familiar style, and indicating in either by interest or any other tie, with either every line not only the clear judgment and of the parties, and untainted even by any various accomplishments of the writer, but preparatory study of their controverstes; but the singular kindness of heart and sweetness applying his mind with perfect freedom and of temper, by which he seems to have been fairness to what fell under his own immediate still more distinguished. He surveys every observation, and recording his impressions thing with the vigilance and delight of a culwith that tranquil sincerity which can scarcely tivated and most active intellect-with the ever be relied on but where the record is eye of an artist, an antiquary, and a naturalist meant to be absolutely private, and is conse--the feelings and judgment of an English quently made up without any feeling of re- gentleman and scholar-the sympathies of a sponsibility, ambition, or deferencé. most humane and generous man-and the piety, charity, and humility of a Christian. The work is somewhat diffuse, and exhibits some repetitions, and perhaps some inconsistencies. It is not such a work, in short, as the author would himself have offered to the public. But we do not know whether it is not more interesting than any that he could have prepared for publication. It carries us more completely into the very heart of the scenes he describes than any such work could have done, and it admits us more into his intimacy. We pity those, we confess, who find it tedious to accompany such a man on such a journey. Such a statement, and much more than such a statement, we have in the work before us; and both now, and on all future occasions, we feel that it has relieved us from the chief difficulty we have hitherto experienced in forming our opinions, and supplied the most valuable elements for the discussions to which we have alluded. The author, it must be admitted, was more in connection with the Government than with any party or individual opposed to it, and was more exposed, therefore, to a bias in that direction. But he was, at the same time, so entirely independent of its favours, and so much more removed from its influence than any one with nearly the same means of observation, and was withal of a nature so perfectly candid, upright, and conscientious, that he may be regarded, we think, as altogether impartial; and we verily believe has set down nothing in this private journal, intended only for his own eye or that of his wife, not only that he did not honestly think, but that he would not have openly stated to the Governor in Council, or to the Court of Directors themselves. It is difficult to select extracts from a work like this; or, rather, it is not worth while to stand on selection. We cannot pretend to give any abstract of the whole, or to transfer to our pages any reasonable proportion of the beauty or instruction it contains. We can only justify our account of it by a few specimens, taken very much at random. The fol lowing may serve to show the unaffected and considerate kindness with which he treated his attendants, and all the inferior persons who came in contact with him; and the effects of that kindness on its objects. The Bishop sailed for India with his family, in 1823; and in June 1824, set out on the visitation of his Imperial Diocese, having been "Two of my sepoys had been ill for several days, obliged, much against his will, to leave his in much the same way with myself. I had treated wife and children, on account of their health, them in a similar manner, and they were now doing behind him. He ascended the Ganges to well: But being Brahmins of high caste, I had Dacca and Benares, and proceeded by Oude much difficulty in conquering their scruples and and Lucknow to Delhi and Agra, and to Al- doubts about the physic which I gave them. They morah at the base of the Himalaya mountains, They scrupled at my using a spoon to measure their both said that they would rather die than taste wine. and so onward through the newly-acquired castor-oil, and insisted that the water in which their provinces of Malwah, to Guzerat and Bombay, medicines were mixed, should be poured by them. where he had the happiness of rejoining Mrs. selves only. They were very grateful however, Heber. They afterwards sailed together to particularly for the care I took of them when I was Ceylon; and after some stay in that island, re-myself ill, and said repeatedly that the sight of me turned, in October 1825, to Calcutta. In Jan-in good health would be better to them than all uary 1826, the indefatigable prelate sailed again for Madras, and proceeded in March to the visitation of the southern provinces; but had only reached Tanjore, when his arduous and exemplary career was cut short, and all his labours of love and duty brought to an end, by a sudden and most unexpected deathhaving been seized with a fit in stepping into medicines. They seemed now free from disease, "I had a singular instance this evening of the fact how mere children all soldiers, and I think par |