rejected this presumptive demand with indignation. He was immediately surrounded, and effected his escape only by drawing his sword. He narrowly escaped falling a victim to the imprudence with which he had forgot that he had not to make dar with civilized enemics.

To take Madrid by assault might be a military operation of little dif ficulty; but to engage that great city to surrender, by employing alternately force and persuasion, and by rescuing the people of property, and real good men, from the oppression under which they groaned, this was what was really difficult. All the exertions of the Emperor, during these two days, had no other end. They have been crowned with the greatest sucress.

It would have been difficult to form a conception of the disorder that reigned in Madrid, if a great number of prisoners, arriving in succession, hud not given an account of the frightful scenes of every deseription, of which that capital presented the spectacle. They had intersected the streets, erected parapets on the houses, barricades of balls of wool, and of cotton, had been formed; the windows had been stopped with mattrasses. Those of the inhabitants who despaired of a Successful resistance, were flying into the fields; others who had preserved some share of reason, and who preferred appearing in the midst of their property before a generous enemy, to abandoning it to the pil lage of their fellow-citizens, demanded that, they should not expose themselves to an assault. Those who were strangers to the town, or who had nothing to lose, were for a defence to the last extremity, accused the troops of the line of treason, and obliged them to continue their fire. The enemy had more than 100 pieces of cannon mounted; & more considerable number had been dug

upon carts, a grotesque train, and in itself sufficient to prove the madness of a people abandoned to itself. But all means of defence were become useless. The possessors of the Retiro are always masters of Madrid. The Emperor took all possible care to prevent the troops from going from house to house. The city was ruined if many troops had been employed. Only some companies of sharp-shooters advanced, and the Emperor constantly refused to send any to sustain them. At eleven o'clock the Prince of Neufchatel wrote the annexed letter, No. 3.— His Majesty at the same time ordered the fire to cease on all points.

At five o'clock on the 4th, Gen. Moria, one of the members of the military junta, and Don Bernardo Yriarte, sent from the town, repaired to the tent of the major-ge neral. They informed him that the most intelligent persons were of opinion that the town was destitute of resources, and that the continuation of the defence would be the height of madness, but that the lower orders of the inhabitants, and the foreigners at Madrid, were determined to persevere in the defence. Convinced that they could not do it with effect, they requested a pause of a few hours to inform the people of the real state of affairs. The major-general presented the deputies. to the Emperor and King, who addressed them thus:" You make use of the name of the people to no purpose; if you cannot restore tranquillity and appease their minds, it is because you have excited them to revolt; you have seduced them by propagating falsehoods. Asseinble the clergy, the heads of the convents, the alcades, the men of property and influence, and let the town capitulate by six o'clock in the morning, or it shall be destroyed. I will not, nor ought I, to withdraw my troops. You have massacred the

unfortunate French prisoners who had fallen into your hands; only a few days ago, you suffered two persons in the suite of the Russian ambassador to be dragged along and murdered in the public streets, because they were Frenchmen born. The incapacity and cowardice of a general, had put into your power troops who surrendered on the field of battle, and the capitulation has been violated. You, Mr. Morla, what sort of an epistle did you write to that general?-It well becomes you, Sir, to talk of pillage; you who, on entering Roussillon, carried off all the women, and distributed them as booty among your soldiers! Besides, what right had you to hold such language?--The capitulation ought to bave induced you to pursue a different line of conduct. See what has been the conduct of the English, who are far from piquing themselves on being the rigid observers of the law of nations. They have complained of the convention of Portugal, but they have carried it into effect. To violate military treaties, is to renounce all civilization: it is placing generals on a footing with the Bedouins of the desart. How dare you, then, presume to solicit a capitulation, you who violated that of Baylen? See how injustice and bad faith always recoil upon the guilty, and operate to their prejudice. I had a fleet at Cadiz; it was under the protection of Spain, yet you directed against it the mortars of the town where you commanded.-I bad a Spanish army in my ranks; I would rather have viewed it embark on board the English ships, or be obliged to precipitate it from the rocks of Epinosa, than to disarm it; I would rather have 7000 more enemies to fight, than be deficient in honour and good faith. Return to Madrid-I give you till six o'clock to-morrow morning-return at that hour-you have only to inform me of the submission of the people-if

not, you and your troops shall be put to the sword."-This speech of the Emperor, repeated in the midst of the respectable people, the cer tainty that he commanded in person, the losses sustained during the foregoing day,had carried terror and repentance into all minds. During the night the most mutinous withdrew themselves from the danger by flight, and a part of the troops was disbanded. At ten o'clock Gen. Belliard took the command of Madrid, all the posts were put into the hands of the French, and a general pardon was proclaimed.

From this moment, men, women, and children, spread themselves about the streets in perfect security. The shops were open till eleven o'clock. All the citizens set themselves to destroy the barricades, and repave the streets; the monks returned into their convents, and in a few hours Madrid presented the most extraordinary contrast, a contrast inexplicable to those unaccustomed to the manners of great towns. So many men, who cannot conceal from themselves what they would have done in similar circumstances, express their astonishment at the generosity of the French.-Fifty thousand stand of arms have been given up, and 100 pieces of cannon are collected at the Retiro. The anguish in which the inhabitants of this wretched city have lived for these four mouths cannot be described. The junta was without influence; the most ignorant and the maddest of the men had all the pow er in their hands, and the people at every instant massacred, or threatened with the gallows, their magistrates and their generals.

The General of Brigade, Maison, has been wounded. Gen. Bruyere, who advanced imprudently the moment the firing ceased, has been killed. Twelve soldiers have been killed, and fifty wounded. This loss, so trifling for an event of so much

importance, is owing to the smallness of the number of troops suffered to engage; it is owing besides, we must say, to the extreme cowardice of all those that had arms in their hands against us.

The artillery, according to the usual custom, has done great services. Ten thousand fugitives, who had escaped from Burgos and Somosierra, and the second division of the army of reserve, were on the third within three leagues of Madrid; and being charged by a piquet of dragoons, they fled, abandoning 40 pieces of cannon and 60 caissons.

A meritorious trait cited.-An old general, retired from the service, and aged eighty years, was in his house at Madrid, near the street of Alcala; a French officer entered, and took up his quarters there, with his party. This respectable old man appeared before him,holding a young girl by the hand, and said, I am an old soldier; I know the rights and the licentiousness of war; there is my daughter-I give her 900,000 livres for her portion-save her honour, and be her husband. The young officer took the old man, his family, and his house, under his protection. How culpable are they who expose so many peaceful citizens, so many unfortunate inhabitants of a great capital, to so many misfortunes.

The Duke of Dantzic arrived at Segovia on the 3d. The Duke of Istria is gone in pursuit of the division of Pena, which having escaped from the battle of Tudela, took the route of Guadalaxara. Florida Blanca, and the junta, had fled to Toledo. They did not think themselves in safety in that town neither, and have gone to take refuge with the English. The conduct of the English is shameful. On the 20th of November they were at the Escurial to the number of 6000 men. They passed some days there. They pretended

they would do nothing less than pass the Pyrennees, and come to the Garonne. The troops are very fine, and well disciplined. The confidence. with which they had inspired the Spaniards is inconceivable. Some hoped that this division would go to Somosierra; others, that it would come to defend the capital of so dear an ally. Scarcely were they informed that the Emperor was at Somosierra, when the English troops beat a retreat on the Escurial. From thence, combining their march with the division which was at Salamanca, they have taken their course towards the sea. Arms, powder, and cloathing, they have given to us,' said the Spaniard, but their soldiers came only to excite us, to lead us astray, and to abandon us in the critical moment.' But you are ignorant', answered the French officer, of the most recent facts of our history. What have they done for the Stadtholder, for Sardinia, for Austria? What have they done recently for Russia? What have they done stilt more recently for Sweden? They every where foment war; they distribute arms like poison; but they shed their blood only for their direct and personal interests. Expect nothing else from their selfishness.'

that

Still,' replied the Spaniard, their cause was ours. Forty thousand English, added to our forces at Tudela, and at Espinosa, might have ballanced the fortune of the war, and saved Portugal. But at present, that our army of Blake on the left; that of the centre, and that of Arragon on the right, are destroyed Spain is almost entirely conquered, and that reason is about to complete its submission, what is to become of Portugal? It is not at Lisbon that the English ought to defend themselves, they ought to have done so at Espinosa, at Burgos, at Tudela, at Somosierra, and before Madrid.'

of the Escurial, and it was to him that the power of generalissimo of the armies of Spain was confided at that time. He was afterwards seen taking the oath of allegiance at Bayonne between the hands of King Joseph, as colonel of the Spanish guards. On his return to Madrid, we saw him throw off the masque, and shew bimself openly the man of the English. It was in his house that the ministers of England were lodged; it was in his society that the agents accredited and secret of that power lived. After having exhorted his fellow-citizens to a mad resistance, he was seen, with a cowardice equal to his treason flying from Madrid to Guadalaxara, under the pretext of going to bring reinforcements, withdrawing himself by this stratagem from the dangers into which he had drawn his fellow-citizens, and shewing no anxiety except for the English agent, whom he carried off in his own carriage, and whom he served for an escort. And what will he gain by this conduct? He will lose his title, his property, valued at 2,000,000 livres a year; he will go to London, to seek the contempt, the disdain and ingratitude with which England has always rewarded the men who sacrifice their country to the injustice of her cause. The bulletin continues, "As soon as the report of the chief of squadron, Count Lubienski, was known, the Duke of Istria, put himself in march, with 16 squadrons of cavalry, to observe the enemy. The Duke of Belluno followed with the infantry. The Duke of Istria arrived at Guadalaxara, and found there the rearguard of the enemy, which was filing towards Andalusia, dispersed it, and made 500 prisoners. The general of division Ruffin, and the brigade of dragoons of Bordesault, informed that the enemy were moving towards Aranjuez, proceeded to that place. The enemy were put to flight, and all these troops were immediately put

in pursuit of all those that are flying towards Andalusia.-The general of division Lahoussye entered the Escurial on the 3rd. Five or 600 peasants wished to defend the convent, but were driven out by a brisk attack.-Every day contributes to dissipate the remains of the stupor into which the inhabitants of Madrid had fallen. Those who had con

cealed their moveables and precious effects, are bringing them back to their houses. Their shops are furnished as in ordinary times. The barricades, and all the other preparations of defence, have disappeared, The taking possession of Madrid has been executed without disorder, and tranquillity reigns in all parts of that great town. A fuzileer of the guards having been found with a number of watches upon him, and being convicted of having stolen them, bas been shot in the principal place of Madrid. We have found in that city 200,000 pound weight of powder; 10,000 balls; 2,000,000 pound weight of lead; 100 pieces of field artillery, and 120,000 muskets, mostly English. The disarming continues without any difficulty, all the inhabitants conform to it with the greatest willingness; they return with eagerness and good faith to the royal authority which restues them from the mischievous influence of England, from the violence of factions, and the disorders of popular movements. The King of Spain has created a regiment which bears the name of the Royal Foreigners," into which are admitted the deserters and the Germans who were in the service of Spain. He has also formed a Swiss regiment, called that of Reding the younger, that officer having conducted himself like a real Swiss patriot, and in a manner very dif ferent from Gen. Reding. The one has deserved wel! from his country. men, and will every where obtain esteem; the other, generally des pised, will go to the taverns of Lon