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and the ftatute of limitations." (317.) The family of Townley appear to have been feated at the place whence they took their name for 29 generations. Their manfion was, till about a century ago, a complete quadrangle, with four turrets at the angles. The South fide remains; the oppofite fide was rebuilt by Richard Townley, efq. 1628, the new building applied to it on the North by the laft poffeffor, The North Eaft fide is laid open. All the materials of the chapel were preferved entire; the vefiments, fome of which are of a very antique and unufual form, are recorded by tradition to have been brought from Whalley abbey. Here is an unbroken feries of family portraits, from John Townicy, efq. temp. Eliz. to the father of the prefent owner. One apartment is completely filled (befides a full length of Richard Townley, efq. who died 1635) with heads inferted on the pannels of the wainscot. In the diningroom hangs a noble picture of the firit Lord Widdrington, killed in Wiganlane; a page prefenting him with armour. But the great ornaments of this place are the noble woods, principally of antient oak, finely difpofed, and scattered over the park and demefnes to a great extent." (p. 321-2.) Mr. W. clears up a popular tradition of the ghost of fome unknown polleflor of this eftate exclaiming against an eucroachment, feized by the officers of the duchy of Lancafter, and granted to Charles ford Mountjoy, Earl of Devon, temp. Jac. I.; "but the offence has been remembered long after it has been redrefied, and even when the name of the offending party was forgotten. I am not difpleated to have been able to trace this popular fuperftition to its real fource." (p. 925.)

Cliviger is a name we little fufpect ed of being a corruption of Clyppig royne, or the rocky district, afterwards to Clincher; though even a Roman origin might correfpond with the fituation of the diftrict in the very gorge of the English Apennines, among alnio inacceffible rocks. Our fenfi ble author has here brought us to his own home, his paternal manfion, and chapel, where he has literally the fatiffaction of being at home, attentive to the fouls of his 300 hearers and 40 communicants, for whofe benefit be has inftituted a monthly facrament, deeply deploring the fate of religion

66

in the prefent day, yet firmly perfuaded, that as no other attempts to redrefs the evil are lawful in the ellablifhed clergy, fo none are at the long run likely to be attended with any good effects but a rigid adherence to the doc trines and difcipline of the church *." (p. 341.) The old chapel was rebuilt, 1788, on higher ground at an expence of 870 l.; more than a moiety of which was defrayed by the author, who was licenfed to it 1796, on his own petition, by bishop Cleaver, who confecrated it 1794; having continued without a minitier from the Diffolution 200 years, when Anthony Wetherhead was licensed by Bishop Peploe, on the nomination of Thomas White, of Helme, gent. 1742. He died 1760, aged 80, and was fucceeded by William Halwell, who died 1796. The first fiep towards a re-endowment of this poor neglected foundation was a rent charge of 11. per annum left upon the eftate of Hane by Mr. Henry Wood, a native of that place, who had been clerk of the works under Sir Chriftopher Wren during the rebuilding of St. Paul's cathedral, and whofe curious accounts of that great work are now in the author's poffeffion.

After a probable comparison of the cutting off the head of every beaft that dies of the hydrocephalus, and burying it in a defert place, as a preventative of the diforder, with the fcape-goat fent into the wilderness as a transfer of fin, Mr. W. thus accounts for the decreate of witches and fuperftition_in thefe parts in modern times: "The fact (fays he), I am perfuaded, is not to be accounted for from any increate of general intelligence and rational incredulity, nor, excepting in a few perfons, from mere knowledge of religion and worthy conception of the divine agency; but, if any probable caufe can be affigned, it is furely a melancholy one, that the people are grown more felfish and lefs converfible; that their old periodical feafons of narrative feftivity are intermitted; that their fimplicity is diminished, though their underfandings are not enlarged; and, above all, that the introduction of manufac

Mr. W. is far from adopting a conclufion formed by the clergy of Manchester in a late account of the fate of religion there, that two thirds of the people never attended religion at all; different members of the fame family undoubtedly attend in the morning and afternoon. (p. 241.)

tures:

tures, with the attendant fpirit of gain, which torpifies whatever it touches, has eaten out anong fome better things their poor remains of old and ruftic imagination." (p. 342.) Can we wonder at thefe general effects of manufac ture, when whole parishes have been invited and induced to fend their children of both fexes by wholefale to manufacturers at a diftance from their own counties? We have underfood, the late worthy diocefan of Chefter took every meafure to prevent this fhameful, involuntary emigration, which we have known parishes, to their honour, refift. Yet fo are our infant poor children provided for!!! While it was once the language of Scripture, "Leave thy fatherlefs children to me;" it is now, "The Devil take the hindmoft or pofterity."

Another obfervation (p.346) is equally juft and forcible : "The gradual depreciation of money has reduced antient feodal payments almost to nothing; but the modern burdens of land-tax, poor's rates, &c. have left the land-owner on the whole no reafon to applaud his own times and circumftances." "What a benefactor would he be to fociety, who could devife fome amufement for the poor at home; but this is impoffible, while their animal propenfities are fo firong, and their reafoning faculties fo weak." (p. 349-)

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Among the incumbents of this chapel was one George White, a convert from Popery to every eccentricity, and a notorious oppofer of Methodifiu. On the increafe of Methodifin and Enthufiafim under the difguife of evangelical preaching, and diffenters from the efìablifhed church, our author makes many fenfible obfervations; but, as they are, as he jufily remarks, too copious for a note, we fincerely with he would give the public his fentiments in a volume. He refutes the bold aflertions of the enemy, that they are perfecuted, fers good cautions to the fathers of the and treated with infolence; and he ofeftablished church, 370-875. At the grammar-fchool of Colne, Archbishop Tillotfon received his firft education. (P. 376.) Emmott, the mansion of a long line of pofleflors of its own name, yet extant from the time of Edward II. is in the fame chapelry. "John Emmott was a pious and amiable man, a Chriftian of the old fchool, regular and devout, retired and humble. William, the elder brother, is faid to have had a portion of the fame fpirit. Their infirmity was, that both were inattentive to their worldly concerns; fo that Chriftian, the younger brother, who acquired a large fortune with a very fair character, was compelled to repurchase the family eftate. But fuch examples, whenever they occur, of a family nearly loft, deferve to be recorded to the fhame of a degenerate polierity. The houfe is refpectable and convenient, with a front of rather hea vy modern architecture, and contains many portraits of the family by Mr. John Emmott, who was fond of painting, and died 1746, aged 82. p. By the way fide near the houfe is a perfect crofs, with the cyphers Ips and C, half obliterated, upon the capital; the only infiance which I recollect of the kind by the way fide, though the bafes of great numbers remain in fimilar fituations. A very capital fpring in an

The view from Thievely pike and the general defeription of Cliviger (p. 319) thew Mr. W. to be as capable of deferibing as he is of obferving.

At Briercliffe are pointed out, for the first time, fome undefcribed, and hitherto almoft unnoticed remains of Roman antiquities, parts of a chain of mall pofts fubordinate to the ftation of Caficrcliffe, the caftra afica of Colunio, intended either to fheiter cattle from the prædatory attacks of the Romans, or to form part of a great plan of fortification for the defence of the Western Setanta and their early Roman colonitìs from the attacks of the Eaftern Brigantes. (pp. 354, 355.) We are convinced, the laft editor of Camden's Britannia (vol. III. 138) will be glad to fee detected the illufion put on the Society of Antiqua ries, from whofe minutes he copied it, refpecting the infeription at Colne church, which Dr. Cowper, either from ignorance, or a feeble attempt at wit and humour, read wrong, but which really runs thus, in the ufual form of an addrefs to the Virgin Mary,

Perhaps cantare. EDIT.

adjoining

adjoining field, now an excellent cold bath, is called the Hollown, i. e. the Hallown or Saints' well. (pp. 879, 380.) The manor house of Althum, for more than five centuries the refidence of an antient family, furrounded by a deep moat, is reduced to a farm-houfe; it has been confiructed of excellent mafoury, with a moulded bafement (not ufual in dwelling-houles), and with two doors with painted Gothic arches, probably not much later than the reign of Henry VII. Here is full a tradition of a mazer bowl, which, according to the rude hofpitality of antient times, flood upon the table hall, often emptied, and inftantly replenished. Immediately without the moat on the North Eat fiand the ruins of the parochial chapel. The present building is a kind of modern Gothic, to which, from the abfence of characteristic ornaments, it is difficult to align any precife ara. The font is octagon, with the monogram of the Virgin Mary the patronefs, the letters IHS, and the inftruments of the Paflion, on the different compartments. This form in fonts is comparatively modern, having been introduced, as appears, not long before the Reformation; but the only genuine remain of the original church is a portion of the old original baptifery, made deep and cylindrical, which is walled into the prefent porch, and feems to indicate, that the modern church and fout are contemporary with each other. On the whole, this is a pleating deferted place, where a contemplative mind may fpend an hour not unprofitably, in mufing on the viciffitudes of human things, undisturbed by the din of population." (pp. 386, 387.)

The village of Accerington was a grange of Kirkstall abbey, the mouks of which turned out the inhabitants, who rofe upon them, murdered them, and burnt the grange. "In a fierce age, like the 12th or 13th centuries, revenge was more likely to be fought than redress; but what redress could have been obtained at a time, when fuperftition had eaten out humanity *; when the claims of the poor were as much defpifed, as they are formidable at prefent; and when the ears of the powerful were completely pre-occupied by the monks?" (p. 399.)

The hall of Radcliffe hall is a cu

As now Luxury and Avarice. EDIT.

rious fpecimen of timber-work.” (p. 402.) To this place and family are attached the tradition and ballad, given by Dr. Percy (Reliques of antient English Poetry, vol. III. p. 154) under the name of fabella, but here applied to a Lord Thomus and faire Ellenor, father and daughter, whofe figures are fuppofed to be graven on an alabaster flab in the church, which the com mon people, concluding, I fuppofe, from its whitenefs, that it was incant as an emblem of the innocence it is faid to cover, have mutilated, by breaking off fmall fragments as amulets, for the prevention or cure of diforders. Traditions, always erroneous in their circumftances, are yet rarely devoid of foundation; and, though the pedigrees of Radcliffe exhibit no failure of the family by the premature death of au heirefs; though the laft Richard de Radcliffe, who had daughters only, did not make a fcullion-boy the heir of all his land, when he fettled it on Radcliffe baron Fitz Walter; though the blood, actually pointed out on the kitchen floor where this Thyeftan banquet is faid to have been prepared, deferves no more regard than many other ftories and appearances of the fame kind; yet when we recollect, that even in this age of civilization and decorum a family of confiderable rank enjoy an eftate, procured for them by a murder, for which their father fuffered, we are not to difcard as incredi ble the tradition of a barbarous age, merely becaufe it afferts the facrifice of a young and beautiful heiress to jealoufy or avarice. When this is granted, the ftory of the pie, with all its horrors, may fafely be aferibed to the inventive genius of a minstrel." (pp. 408, 404.)

In luftingden church is this epitaph on the late rector of Whitechapel :

Juxta paternos & maternos cineres

funs bic humari voluit JOHANNES HOLMES, S. T. P. coll. Enei Nafi apud Oxonienfes olim focius,

deinde

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amore & reverentiâ fideliter devinctus,

evangeli denique minitter, doctrina, moribus, fide ornatus, fpectabilis, incorruptus. Obiit die Augufti 1750,

anno ætat. 57, Domini 1793 (p. 407.) In the corrections to part II. Mr. W. notices confiderable remains of teffeJated pavements, found about 30 years ago at kirkfink, near Overborough, probably of a Roman villa, but dug up and thrown afide, and never further explored.

Part III. publifhed fome time after the foregoing, continues the furvey of the dependent parith of Blackburn. The monument of Judge Walmfley, an exact counterpart of that of Anne, dutchels of Somerfct, in Wefuminfter abbey, Dart. 1. 131, was demolished by the Parliament foldiers, 1642. The old manfion inclofed three fides of a quadrangle, containing a profufion of bulk of oak; and the hall is a fpecimen of most rude and mafly woodwork. On King James the Second's declaration for liberty of coafcience, the Diffenters and Catholicks each feized on a chapel of the Eftablished Church for meeting in, but were difpoffeffed in the fame reign. Under Rochdale we have a curious letter from its rector, when, from bithop of Elphin, he was driven to a finall congregation at Cumberworth, beyond the mountains, and near Elmley; and two fpecimens of old borough inuigue, an arbitrary claim of the chancellor of the dutchy of Lancafier, 1621. If Government muli command a majority in the Houfe of Commons, prerogative is furely a finaller evil in boroughs,

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in as much as it is more honeft to bully than to bribe." (p. 429, n.)

Among the eminent vicars of the rich benefice of Rochdale are reckoned Dr. Dunfter, the tranflator of Horace; Dr. Forster, editor of a Hebrew Bible without points, and fome of Plato's dialogues; Dr. Tunftall, public orator of Cambridge univerfity, à Ciceronian controverfialift; Dr. Wray, an amiable, good, plain, public-fpirited man; Dr. Hind, driven from St. Anne's, Soho, by the intrigues of a popular curate; and now Dr. Drake. In the church, Nov. 25, 1800, was interred Dr. Matt. Young, bifhop of Clonfert, in Ireland, who died of a cancer at Whitworth, whither he had come to avail himself

* See our vol. LXX. pp. 1317, 1293.

of the fkill of a practitioner (rufticus abnormius fapiens), who was probably recommended by having prolonged the life of another prelate in circumfiances equally calamitous. On the South fide of the altar is a fione inferibed to one who had all the generous attachments and all the virtuous prejudices of antient defcent, an ardent lover of Antiquities, and a zealous friend of the Hiftory of Whalley, John Chadwick, efq. of Healey hall, youngest son of Charles C. of Mavefyn Ridware, efq. died Nov. 23, 1800. (p. 432.) The original town of Rochdale, if it deferves the name, was entirely within the townfhip of Cafileton, and in the environs of the antient caftle, of which the keep, a lofty artificial mount of earth, fill remains, as it gave name to a township. The grammar-fchool was founded by Abp. Parker 7 Eliz.; the original deed is in the library of Chrifichurch college, Cambridge, the great depofit of Abp. P.'s MSS. attefted by Robert Winton (Horne), Richard Ely (Cox), Alexander Newell, dean of St. Paul's; and the author feels himself daily indebted to its induftrious and able minifter, the Rev. John Shaw. (p. 435.) The reign of Henry VIII. was an ara of chapel-building; in Whalley parith and its dependencies moft of the original ftructures of the finaller chapels have grown ruinous, and been rebuilt within our memories. (440.) In Ribchefter chancel is a tomb, confitting of one folid block of ftone, with the arms of the Houghtons. (442.) In Stede chapel is buried Francis Petre,.catholic biflop of ........ “epifcopus Armonienfis in diftrictu feptent. 1675," under the fite of a ftone, among many others, inferibed with Longobardic characters.

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It may be obferved once for all, that this, which is in fact the Norman characer, appears in all our inferiptions from the Conqueft to the latter end of Edward III. when it was fucceeded by the old English rectilinear letter. This laft maintained its place to the latt years of Henry VIII. when it gave way to a fantatiic alphabet, formed upon the Longobardic, but with many unneceflary flourishes. In inferiptions on wainscot in this laft the characters are often formed of diftorted bodies of animals." (p. 443, n.)

Stonyhurf, the princely manfion of the family of Sherburne from the reign of Henry III. was built about the middle of the 16th century, now de

voted by Thomas Weld, efq. to the ufe of a large Catholic feminary. On the mention of the generous protection afforded to Emigrants in this country, our author has this Catholic and Chritian note: "Among the many prailes which an impartial pofterity will beflow on this country for their conduct in the prefent arduous conteft, none furely will be more fincere than that which records the hospitable reception of the diftrefled ecclefiafticks of France. They, it is to be hoped, will confider a forbearance to interfere with the citablifhed religion of this country as the belt and most acceptable return which they can make for the undifiurbed exereife of their own. But as we and they hold the fundamentals of Chritianity in common; as both theirs and ours are true churches, claiming their refpective rights in fuccefiion from the Apofiles; during a contett like the prefent, all memory of antient wrongs ought, as far as poffible, to be abolithed, all fubordinate diftinctions of difcipline and doctrine overlooked, and the iniuitiers of religion, however feparated in the exercife of their respective of fices, cordially united in their efforts against the powers of earth and hell, which are leagued against them all. Thefe are the genuine fentiments and earneft wifhes of the author with refpect to the minifters of the Catholic religion; and if in any part of this work he has indulged a file at the peculiarities, or aimed a centure at the rapacity, of the monks, he trufts that he has elfewhere done ample juftice to their virtues; and that his reprefentation of their manners and habits is, on the whole, more favourable than ever came from a Proteftant before. He believes the monaftic orders of the middle ages to have comfitted of the beft and molt valuable men of their times; that they were the only artitis, or patrons of arts; and that, above all, in days of outrage and rapine, when private repolitor.es of learning muli'all have fallen in their turn a prey to the firongelt, Providence interfered, by railing permanent foundations, generally regarded as inviolable, to preferve, for the benefit of more enlightened ages, the treafures of claffical Antiquity, and the fountains of celeftial truth." (p. 445.)

The church of Mitton is about the age of Edward III.; and the Sherburne chapel, on the North fide of the choir,

is now almoft filled with monuments of that family, from 1588 to 1702; feveral of the epitaphs drawn up by the dutchefs-dowager of Norfolk, who was of the family, and had certainly no mercy on the marble-cutter," and has as good a title to be ranked among our noble authors as feveral who have obtained that place.

"The two tombs and four statues of the father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, of Sir Nich. Sherburne, were finithed for 2531. by Mr. William Stautou, lapidary, near St. Andrew, Holbourn, 1699. The two male figures on thefe tombs are probably the lateti infiances of cumbent cross-legged figures in the kingdom." (450, 451.)

Two original letters, which in point of antiquity and curiofity may be claffed nearly to thofe of the Pafions, detect the injuftice of Sir Edward Stanley in acquiring the Ilarrington property, and leave on his name a fiain, which neither his valour at Flodden, nor the foundation of his beautiful chapel at Hornby, can ever wath away." (p. 455-7.) Another fingular letter of E. Townley, rector, to Edw. Parker, efq. at Brewfholme, fhews, 1. that claret and not Port wine was in general ufe fo late as 1091: 2. that two gallons were required for the Communion in a country church; whence it is to be feared, that the confecrated element was fometimes drank to excels at that time as it is now and then in country churches at prefent: 3. a finall runlet was all that could then be obtained at Lancafter, where fome hundreds of pipes are now imported annually: 4. it was then doubtful whether the winecellar of Browfholme could furnish two gallons of wine; a quantity which would not exceed the confumption of many fingle days in the life-time of its laft refident and hofpitable owner." (p. 457*.)

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In

"This is A very unmannerly request In making to you, but (ye exigency of the affir is fuch) y though with blushing I mutt request this bearer to have two gallons (or, if not fo much, yet what you can pare) of claret, for now we find by our Vellel y it will not be fufficient to fit ye comunicants on Sunday; fome perfons have tapt it unknown to us. We had our runlet from Lancaster, and was all we could get in y town; howevar, it would have done our bulinets if there had been no foul play,

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