"He

better than [he loves] thee"; "He loves me better than thou [lovest me]"; "He knows the man as well as I [know the man]"; knows the man as well as [he knows] me"; "I know no wiser man than he [is wise]" is correct; but "I have no other saint than thou to pray to" is wrong, because the construction springs out of "I have no other saint when [I have] thee.”

499. A good deal of hypercriticism has been wasted on such phrases as "The three first verses of the chapter," &c. We are told that this is incorrect, because there is only one first verse. On this principle it is equally wrong to talk of 'The first hours of infancy,' or 'The last days of Pompeii,' for there is only one first hour, and one last day. Surely if there are several last days, their number may be specified. It would be the height of pedantry to alter "His two eldest sons went to sea into "His eldest two sons went to sea"; yet strictly there can be only one eldest son. German-writers see nothing wrong in such phrases as "die drei ersten," "die zwei letzten," &c. All these superlatives admit of a little laxity in their application, just as chief and extreme admit of the superlatives chiefest and extremest. The three first verses' simply means 'The three verses before which there is no other.' Those who tell us to write The first three verses,' and so on, must do so on the hypothesis that the whole number of verses is divided into sets of three, of which sets the first is taken. But what if the chapter contains only five altogether?

*

ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES.

SEPARATION OF LOGICAL SUBJECT AND LOGICAL PREDICATE. 500. The first stage in the analysis of a simple sentence is to separate the grammatical subject with its adjuncts from the predicate verb with whatever is attached to it as object, complement, or adverbial adjunct. The grammatical subject with its attributive adjuncts forms the logical subject of the sentence; the predicate verb, with all that is attached to it, forms the logical predicate of the sentence ($ 355).

Examples.

Logical Predicate.

(Grammatical Subject with Attributive (Predicate Verb, with Objective and

Logical Subject.
Adjuncts.)

Adverbial Adjuncts.)

has not arrived.

will carry all our property with

us.

rose there.

was on the point of putting an end to his existence.

is worth two in the bush.

Analysis of the Logical Subject.

501. The following example illustrates the separation of the logical subject into the grammatical subject and its attributive adjuncts ($388).

"The soldiers of the tenth legion, wearied by their long march, and exhausted from want of food, were unable to resist the onset of the enemy."

Analysis of the Logical Predicate.

In the following examples the logical predicate is separated into its component parts

Analysis of both Subject and Predicate.

502. In the following example both the subject and the object of the verb are separated into the substantive and the attributive adjuncts of which they are composed ;

"The mournful tidings of the death of his son filled the proud heart of the old man with the keenest anguish.”

503. The following examples show how a complex predicate (§§ 391 -396) may be separated into its components :—

"That hero was deservedly called the saviour of his country.”

“This misfortune will certainly make the poor man miserable for life.”

Complete Analysis of a Sentence.

504. The thorough analysis of a sentence is to be conducted in the following manner :—

i. Set down the subject of the sentence. (See $384, &c., for a statement of what the subject may consist of.)

ii. Set down the words, phrases, or adjective clauses which may form attributive adjuncts of the subject. (See § 388 for a list of what these may consist of.)

iii. Set down the predicate verb. If the verb is one of incomplete predication, set down the complement of the predicate, and indicate that the verb and its complement make up the entire predicate (§§ 391 -395).

iv. If the predicate be a transitive verb, set down the object of the verb (see §§ 369, 397). If the predicate be a verb of incomplete predication followed by an infinitive mood, set down the object of the dependent infinitive (§ 396).

v. Set down those words, phrases, or adjective clauses which are in the attributive relation to the object of the predicate, or to the object of the complement of the predicate, if the latter be a verb in the infinitive mood (§ 399).

vi. Set down those words, phrases, or adverbial clauses which are in the adverbial relation to the predicate, or to the complement of the predicate. (See § 372 for a list of what these may consist of.)

505. These various elements of the sentence may be arranged either in the mode adopted in the following examples, or in that indicated in the table at the end of the book.

EXAMPLES OF THE ANALYSIS OF

SIMPLE SENTENCES.

506. Having ridden up to the spot, the enraged officer struck the unfortunate man dead with a single blow of his sword."

Subject,

Attributive ad-
juncts of subject,
Predicate made

up of

Object,

Attributive ad

juncts of object,

Adverbial ad

juncts of predi

cate,

on the spot' (§ 372, 4).

man.'

(I. 'the.'

2. unfortunate.'

2. 'with a single blow of his sword' (§ 372, 4).

507. "Coming home, I saw an officer with a drawn sword riding along the street"

Here with a drawn sword' is an attributive adjunct of the object officer' (§ 362, 4).

187

508. "I asked him his business."

Subject,

Predicate verb,
Primary object,
Secondary object,

'I.'

' asked.'

'him' (§ 370).

'his business' (§ 370).

509. He was asked his business."

Subject, he'; Predicate, was asked'; Object (or Adverbial Adjunct) of the predicate, 'his business.' (See § 370.)

510." They granted him liberty."

Subject,

Predicate verb,

Direct object,

Indirect object,

'they.'

'granted.'

'liberty' (§ 369).

'him' (§ 369).

511. "Help was refused him.”

Here him is the indirect object of the passive verb 'was refused' (§ 370). "He was refused help.'

Here 'help' may be called either an object or an adverbial adjunct of 'was refused' (§ 370; 372, 3), or 'was refused help' may be taken all together as forming a complex passive phrase.

512. "It is I."

2. (of talk')

must.'
'speak' (§ 396).
'not.'

6 so fast.'

514. "Now the bright morning star, day's harbinger, comes dancing from the East."

The construction of the interrogative sentence is the same as that of the declarative answer, "I am he,"