Japanese Buddhism: A Critical Appraisal

activity Amida ancient annual in Japanese appeared became become beginning believers Buddha Buddhist priests Bukkyô called century ceremonies Christianity Confucianism culture dead developed Dharma dhism disciple discipline doctrine Dôgen dynasty Edo period Eisai Emperor esoteric established existence faith foreign frequently Gakkai gods Heian period Hokekyô Hokke Hônen ideal India influence Japanese Buddhism Jôdo Shinshû Kamakura period Kegon Kegon school Kegon sutra Kenkyû Kûkai Kyoto Last Age later lineage magic Mahayana Meiji Mikkyô modern monks Mount Hiei Nara Nara period nation Nembutsu Nichiren sect Nippon Onkô ordination platform original persons popular practice prayers precepts Pure Land Pure Land teaching religion religious Rinzai Rinzai school Ritsu school Saichô Śākyamuni Sanskrit Sanskrit text sectarian Shingon Shingon school Shingon sect Shinran Shinto Shintoism Shônin Shûkyô social Society Sôtô spirits standpoint T'ang China Tathāgata taught temple Tendai Tendai school thought tion Tôdaiji Tôsui transmitted University worship yuan Zazen