The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Volumen 1

Archibald Alison

William Blackwood and Sons, 1852

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BIRTH AND EARLY HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH HIS SHARE IN THE REVOLUTION or 1688 CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE WAR OF TH...	1

His early life and education	2

His first appearance and early promotion at court	3

His intrigue with the Countess of Castlemaine	4

His services under Louis XIV and Turenne in Flanders	5

Manner in which Providence moulds the character of a great man	7

Churchills marriage	9

His journey to Scotland and rapid rise at court	10

Jealousies of the cabinet of Vienna and the German powers	229

Great danger of affairs in Italy	230

Capture of Barcelona by Lord Peterborough	232

Extraordinary success of Marlborough in appeasing the jealousies at Vienna	233

And at Berlin and Hanover	235

Similarity between his present situation and that of Wellington in his early campaigns	236

Affairs in England wear a more promising aspect	237

Universal backwardness of the Allies in the commencement of 1706	239

His important services on Monmouths rebellion	11

His endeavours to arrest the headlong course of James	12

He deserts James II on the invasion of the Prince of Orange	15

ciation in favour of William	18

His efforts to obtain a settlement for the Princess Anne	19

His first services in foreign war under William	20

His short campaign in Ireland in 1690 il	21

Discreditable intrigues soon after with the exiled royal family	22

Plan of the campaign in Flanders and designs of Marlborough	23

He is liberated from prison and ere long restored to favour	24

Great difficulties Marlborough experienced in constructing the Alliance 22238	26

Great power of the Bourbons at this period and general alarm which	27

S Page 29 Extraordinary success which had hitherto attended Louis in all	29

excited	30

Vast ability by which the government of France was directed	31

enterprises	32

Hopes and schemes of the Catholic party throughout Europe at this time Their ultimate failure	33

Simultaneous attacks on the Protestants in France and England irrevocably separate the two countries	35

Efforts of William III to avert the danger	37

Manner in which the bequest of Spain to the Duke of Anjou had been obtained	38

Fresh treaty of partition between France England and Holland	39

The knowledge of this treaty of partition determines the King of Spain to the bequest in favour of the Bourbons	41

Extent of the danger which threatened the Continental powers from this accession to the power of France	42

Death of James II and acknowledgment of the Pretender by Louis XIV	44

Accession of Anne and her favour to Marlborough	45

Comparative strength of the forces on the opposite sides	47

CHAPTER II	48

Strange diversity in the characters drawn by historians of Louis XIV	49

Remarkable diversities and seeming contradictions of his character	50

Vast changes which he effected on France during his reign	51

Which arose from his turn of mind coinciding with the spirit of the age	52

His virtues and vices were alike those of his people	53

His government was essentially feudal and monarchical	54

Unity and centralisation were his great objects	55

His efforts to improve the public administration	56

And to give unity to general thought	57

General resemblance of his ideas of government to those of Napoleon	58

Magnificent ideas of each as shown in their public works	59

Atrocity of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes	60

Which produced the reaction against him that checked his power	61

Parallel of Napoleon and Louis XIV in the affections of the heart	62

The passion of love in both brought out the selfish feelings	63

Opposite characters of Louis XIV and William III	64

Heroic resistance of William to the French invasion	65

Adaptation of the character of William to his destiny in life	67

His policy in war which at length proved victorious ib 21 His character in private	69

Character of James II of England	70

His good and heroic qualities	71

His great battles with the Dutch	72

His great efforts to restore the navy and effects of this	73

The rashness and imprudence which cost him his throne	74

Character of Queen Anne	75

Commencement of the war in Italy under Prince Eugene His carly life	76

Character of his warfare and his first great victory over the Turks	77

His campaigns in Italy and Germany	78

Commencement of the war	79

Forces on the side of France	80

Forces of the Allies	81

The weakness of England in land warfare from inexperience	82

Marlboroughs first mission to the Continent and first campaign	83

His efforts to induce the British cabinet to take their right place in the war	85

Difficulties about the appointment of a cominanderinchief Marlborough is at length appointed	86

Bolingbrokes character of Marlborough	87

His character by Lord Chesterfield ib 41 Marlborough was really a combination of both these characters	89

His tender affection through life for the Duchess of Marlborough	90

Plan of operations for the campaign on the part of the Allies	92

And of the French ib 45 Siege and capture of Kaiserwörth	93

Boufflers attempts a coupdemain against Nimeguen which Athlone checks	94

Marlborough takes the command of the army at Nimeguen	95

Force at Marlboroughs disposal and his early difficulties in the campaign	97

Movements preparatory to the siege of Venloo	99

Description siege and fall of Venloo	101

Marlborough commences the siege of Liege	102

Siege and fall of Liege	103

Narrow escape of Marlborough from being made prisoner	104

Results of the campaign which was eminently favourable to the Allies	106

Still greater moral influence of these successes	107

CHAPTER III	109

Political causes which have divided the Flemish provinces	110

Effect of these causes in studding the Low Countries with fortified cities	112

And their effect on the system of war	113

Effect of these causes on the results of victories	114

And in leading to the formation and strength of lines of defence	115

Campaign of 1703 illustrates the value of such lines	117

S Page 8 Chagrins to which Marlborough began to be exposed at home	118

Character of the Marquis of Blandford Marlboroughs only son	119

His illness and death	120

Marriage of Marlboroughs two other daughters	121

Accession of Portugal to the confederacy and insurrection in the Cevennes	123

Magnificent plan of the campaign by Louis XIV on the side of the French	124

Plans of Marlborough to counteract it	125

Siege and fall of Bonn	126

Villeroi threatens Overkirk who holds his ground	127

Marlboroughs designs against Antwerp and Ostend	129

Marlboroughs measures against Antwerp and their partial success	130

Defeat of M Obdam at Eckeren	131

Gallant retreat of M Schlangenberg	133

Pernicious effect of this disaster on the Allies	134

Marlborough is prevented by the States deputies from attacking the French lines	136

Disasters on the Upper Rhine and in Bavaria	138

Extreme danger of the Empire from these successes	139

he wishes to resign	141

Alliance with the Duke of Savoy	142

The throne of Spain and the Indies is bestowed on Charles second son of the Emperor	143

Danger of the Empire from the attacks of France and Bavaria	144

Measures of Marlborough and Eugene to avert the danger	145

Marlboroughs crossmarch into Germany and first interview with Eugene	147

Difficulties in arranging the command	149

Difficulties of Marlboroughs march and his junction with the Prince of Baden	150

Description of the intrenched camp of Schellenberg	151

Marlborough resolves to attack	152

Commencement of the attack on the Schellenberg	153

Final victory of Marlborough	154

Subsequent successes in Bavaria	155

Marshal Tallard joins the Elector of Bavaria who determines to fight	157

Vendôme is defeated in his attempt to penetrate through the Tyrol	158

Forces on both sides and their comparative merits	159

Division of the command between Marlborough and Eugene	161

French position and dispositions with their dangers	162

And advantages	164

Disposition of the Allies for the attack	165

Marlboroughs conduct before the battle began	166

Commencement of the battle	167

Attack on Blenheim which is repulsed	168

Crossing of the Nebel by the Allies	169

The cavalry with great difficulty are got across	170

Rout of Prince Holstein in the attack on Oberglau	171

Operations of Eugene on the right	172

Grand and decisive charge by Marlborough in the centre	174

Eugenes success on the right	175

Total rout of Tallard who is made prisoner	176

Mistake by which the French left escaped destruction	178

Capture of all the troops in Blenheim and conclusion of the battle ib 58 Results of the battle	180

Causes of the defeat of the French	182

Vast results of the victory	183

Capture of Landau and Traerbach and conclusion of the campaign	184

Its marvellous results	186

Honours and rewards bestowed on Marlborough	187

His reception at the courts of Berlin and Hanover and acquisition of Blenheim	189

CHAPTER IV	190

Backwardness of the English Parliament in voting supplies	191

Causes of this singular peculiarity	192

Bitter sense which Marlborough entertained of this parsimonious dispo sition	194

Reasons for converting the war into one of sieges and placing its seat in Flanders	195

Examples of the same necessity being felt in subsequent times	197

Extraordinary talent of Marlborough for keeping together the Alliance ib 8 Extraordinary domestic jealousy to which he was exposed	198

Extraordinary jealousy of Marlborough	199

Caution which the same cause imprinted on Marlboroughs military conduct	201

Strange fetters which the Alliance imposed on his conduct of the war	202

Vigorous efforts of the French government	203

Bold plan of Marlborough and Eugene for the invasion of France	205

Commencement of operations early in June on the Moselle	206

Successes of Villeroi over the Allies in Flanders	208

Sudden march of Marlborough to their relief	209

The disasters of the German troops in the circle of Trêves render the design abortive	210

Position occupied by Villeroi	212

Marlboroughs able plan to overreach the enemy	213

Entire success of the attack on Villerois lines	214

Obstinacy and backwardness of the Dutch prevent a complete victory	215

The Dutch deputies continue their opposition	216

Which mars all the subsequent operations of the campaign	217

The Dutch treacherously desert him	219

French	221

Marlborough prepares to attack the French at Waterloo	222

But is again thwarted by the Dutch deputies	223

Marlborough is obliged to forego his advantages	225

Complaints of the Dutch against Marlborough	226

Vexation and magnanimous conduct of Marlborough	227

Marlboroughs great difficulties in arranging military operations	240

Forces on the opposite sides in Flanders	241

Position of the French at Ramilies	242

Marlboroughs manoeuvres before the battle and plan of attack	243

Commencement of the battle and skilful feint of Marlborough	244

Repulse of Overkirk and imminent danger of Marlborough when hasten ing to his relief	245

The twenty squadrons ordered up from the right restore the battle	247

Villerois efforts to restore the battle which are unsuccessful	248

The enemy though thrown into disorder endeavour to rally	249

General advance of the Allies which completes the victory	250

Losses of the French and the Allies in the battle	251

Marlboroughs humanity and courtesy after the battle	252

And its great results	253

Retreat of the French from Flanders and universal joy at its liberation	255

Magnanimous wisdom of Marlborough in protecting the Flemings from oppression	256

Capitulation of Ghent Bruges Antwerp and Oudenarde	257

Marlboroughs hopes for a speedy peace	258

Siege and capture of Ostend	259

Commencement of the siege of Menin and its great difficultios	260

It is at length carried by assault	261

Siege and fall of Dendermonde	263

And of Ath which concludes the campaign ib 62 Splendid reception of Marlborough at Brussels and great results of the campaign	265

Splendid campaign of Eugene in Italy	266

Victory of Turin	267

Great consequences of this victory and its analogy to Marengo	269

Affairs of Spain Raising of the siege of Barcelona and advance of the Allies to Madrid	271

Subsequent disasters and loss of Madrid	272

Universal coufidence in his wisdom and probity	275

Terror at the court of Louis XIV	277

His overtures for peace	278

Reasons of Marlboroughs conduct	279

Office of the government of the Netherlands declined by Marlborough	280

Jealousies of the Dutch and continued disinterestedness of Marlborough	282

Opening of a separate secret negotiation between the Dutch and the French	283

Marlboroughs address obtains a renewal of the Alliance	284

His return to England and splendid reception there	286

Jealousy against him arises among both the Whigs and Tories but he pre vails at court	287

Death and character of Prince Louis of Baden	288

Great error in the subsequent policy of England	290

CHAPTER V	292

Appearance of Charles XII of Sweden in Germany	293

His character	294

His great military abilities	295

His faults rashness and cruelty	296

Efforts of Louis XIV to win him to his side	297

Measures of Marlborough to counteract his efforts	298

Visit of Marlborough to Charles at Dresden	300

Singular skill with which he avoided rousing religious differences	302

His satisfactory arrangement of the difficulties regarding Poland ib 12 Renewed jealousies and procrastinations of the Allied powers	303

Defeat of the Allies at Almanza in Spain	305

Total defeat of the Allies on the French right	306

Progress of the battle in the centre and left ib 16 Victory declares at all points for the French	307

Small force with which decisive victories have been won	309

Cause of the magnitude of this disaster	311

Way in which these disasters are to be avoided ib 20 Digression of the Austrians to Naples	312

Which prevents succours being sent to the south of France	313

Forcing of the lines of Stolhoffen and irruption of the French into the Palatinate	314

Eugene	316

Opening of the campaign in Flanders	317

Secret reasons of the conduct of the Dutch on this occasion	319

Disasters of the Allics in Spain and on the Rhine	321

Marlborough in conscquenco strongly urges an invasion of the south of France	322

Selfish conduct of Austria which ruins the expedition ib 29 Invasion of Provence by Eugene	324

Eugene is obliged to raise the siege and retire into Italy	325

Fresh difficulties with the King of Sweden	326

A treaty is at length adjusted ib 33 Operations in Flanders	328

Marlborough again advances and the French retire to Lille	329

Marlborough closes the campaign and returns to England	330

Causes of the reaction against Marlborough and the war at this time ib 37 Change in the system of government by the Revolution	331

Vast increase of loans taxes and corruption	332

Liability of women to change of disposition and favourites	334

Dangers of this in a queen	335

Queen Annes early friendship for Marlborough	336

Real causes of Annes alienation from Marlborough	337

The Queens partiality to the Tories and the Duchesss to the Whigs	338

Which was increased by Marlboroughs absence and success in war	339

Vacillation and inconsistency in the Queen	340

Commencement of the Duchesss decline in influence at court ib 47 Dissension about Sunderlands appointment	341

Secret reasons of the keenness of both parties on this question	342

Dread of the Tories was the reason	343

Marlborough joins the Duchess in urging the appointment	344

The Queen still holds out and Marlborough still trusts Harley and St John	345

Views and language of Harley and St John at this period	346

Marlboroughs influence at length carries through the appointment	349

Continued leaning of the Queen towards the Torics	350

Which appears in her ecclesiastical preferments	351

Jealousy of the Whigs against Marlborough and Godolphin	352

Rise of Abigail Hill and her early history	353

Her great influence	354

Imprudent conduct of the Duchess at this crisis	355

Dignified but unwise conduct of Godolphin and Marlborough at this crisis	357

Reasons of its failure	358

Vehement outcry against Marlborough both in and out of Parliament	359

Speech of Marlborough against drafting men from Flanders	360

Circumstances which occasioned a suspicion of Harley	362

Godolphin breaks with Harley	363

Godolphin and Marlborough threaten to resign	364

The Queen at length yields and Harloy is dismissed	365

Unexpected results of the triumph of the Whigs	366

of this	367

The Queen in court is ruled by Harley and Mrs Masham	368

Defeat of the Pretenders attempted invasion of Scotland	369

Dosign of the Duchess of Marlborough to retire from court	370

Flagrant ingratitude of Mrs Masham and all her relations to the Duchess of Marlborough	372

The grasping disposition of the Whigs was the real cause of the change	373

It was the Revolution which occasioned this grasping disposition in the Whigs	374

CHAPTER VI	376

Vigorous preparations made by Louis XIV for the campaign in the Low Countries	377

Preparations and forces of the Allies in Flanders	378

The Dutch are anxious for a separate peace	379

Vendômes movements to aid a revolt in Antwerp	380

Continued procrastination of the German powers	381

Vendômes able plan to aid a rising in Ghent and Bruges	383

He makes himself master of Ghent and Bruges ib 9 Marlboroughs activity secures Oudenarde against a coupdemain	385

Extreme vexation and serious illness of Marlborough	386

Marlboroughs crossmarch on Vendômes communications	387

Vendôme moves off followed by the Allies	388

Description of the field of battle	390

Dispute between Burgundy and Vendôme	391

Preliminary movements on both sides and capture of the French advanced guard	392

Forces on both sides and commencement of the battle	393

Brilliant success of the French right	394

Operations of Eugene on the right	395

And of Marlborough on the left	396

Decisive movement by Marlborough against the French left	397

Vigour with which it was executed by Overkirk who entirely turns them	398

Gallant but ineffectual efforts of Vendôme to arrest the disorder	399

Results of the battle	400

Pursuit of the enemy and humanity of Marlborough	402

Capture of the French lines and junction of Berwick with Vendôme and of Eugenes army with Marlborough	404

Advantages of Vendômes position with a view to interrupting the siege	406

Preparations of the Allies for the siege	407

Vendôme makes incursions towards Ostend and into Cadsand island	408

Which are avenged by Marlboroughs incursions into Artois	409

Boufflers takes the command at Lille Preparations for its defence	410

Great concourse of illustrious characters on both sides to witness the siege	411

Greatness of the enterprise ib 35 Measures of Vendôme and Berwick to interrupt the convoy and prevent the siege	412

Commencement of the siege and position of the covering army	414

Commencement of the siege and fortifying of the camp	415

Commencement of the siege and first operations	416

Advance and junction of Vendôme and Berwick to raise the siege	417

Marlborough arrests Vendôme and Berwick when trying to raise the siege	418

Marlborough intrenches his position which Vendôme declines to attack	420

The French at length retire towards Oudenarde	421

Marlborough is prevented from fighting and follows the enemy	422

Increasing danger of Marlboroughs position	423

Assault on the 6th September which carries part of the coveredway	424

Increasing difficulties of the siege	425

Second terrible assault which partially succeeds	426

Eugenes wound throws the siege on Marlborough who delivers a fresh assault	428

Efforts on the part of the besieged to obtain supplies of ammunition	429

Extraordinary entry of a French officer into Lille by swimming	430

Marlborough writes for supplies from England by Ostend	431

Movements on both sides before the action ib 54 Action of Wynendale and passage of the convoy	432

Progress of the siege after the arrival of the convoy	434

New expedient of Vendômes met by a counter device of Marlboroughs	435

Siege of the citadel of Lille and diversion of Vendôme against Brussels	436

Marlboroughs brilliant march which defeats it	437

Losses sustained on both sides during the siege	438

Courtesy and mutual compliments after the capitulation	439

Marlboroughs anxious wish to enter France after the fall of Lille	440

Marlborough recovers Ghent	441

And Bruges concludes the campaign and again refuses the government of the Netherlands	442

Marlboroughs letter to the Duke of Berwick urging a general peace	443

Death and character of Marshal Overkirk	445

Glorious results of the campaign and great ability of Marlborough	446

His bold offensive measures and extraordinary capture of Lille	447

Great issue at stake in the siege of Lille ib APPENDIX	449

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Archibald Alison
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Términos y frases comunes

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Información bibliográfica

Título	The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Volumen 1 The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Archibald Alison
Autor	Archibald Alison
Edición	2
Editor	William Blackwood and Sons, 1852
Procedencia del original	la Universidad de Michigan
Digitalizado	25 Ene 2011

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