profoundly learned in every thing that regarded the constitution and ecclesiastical polity of his country, and when on these subjects, it is said he even taught "the Judges law, and the Bishops reli. gion!"-When questions arose which required a practical knowledge of the exact sciences, or their application to the arts, if he were not the only man, he was, at least, the ablest in the house to expound, discuss, and decide them: and on such occasions he ever acted with great judgment.

Earl Stanhope married Hester Pitt, a daughter of the great Earl of Chatham, whose political principles he venerated with a feeling little removed from idolatry; and in the early part of his public career, acted cordially with his brother-in-law Mr. Pitt. But the circumstances which induced that consummate statesman to alter his opinions, had not the same effect on the earl, and their political connection was dissolved. On this separation taking place, a domestic difficulty sprung up between Stanhope, and his wife and wife's connections. This dissension arose from the fact, that Stanhope desired that his children should devote themselves to acquire some useful calling as he had done, by which, when the day of public calamity came, which he imagined he foresaw the rapid approach of,-they might secure independence by their own personal ingenuity and labor. But his family preferring the patronage of their uncle, the minister, to the protection of the paternal roof, Stanhope declared as they chose to be saddled on the public purse, they must "take the consequences." They were not therefore mentioned in his will, although they were entitled to certain sums by a marriage settlement.

"Charles Stanhope," said the Earl of Chatham, "as a carpenter, a blacksmith, or millwright, could in any country, or any times, preserve his independence and bring up his family in honest and industrious courses, without soliciting the bounty of friends or the charity of strangers."

Stanhope was odd in his dress and person, and his plain, unaffected, amiable manners, were considered to be singular for a man of his high rank and connections: but they conciliated affection in many cases approaching to devotion, and his general integrity commanded universal respect. He was a considerate and kind landlord, an ardent friend, and his purse and influence were ever open to befriend the helpless and the poor; but he always disliked any superfluous expressions of gratitude.

Among other anecdotes of his .ordship's eccentricities, the fol lowing is related. He was very particular in the shape and texture of his wigs, which were peculiar, and was a long time in getting a barber to make them to his liking, but at last succeeded. It

nappened, however, that at a period when his stock of these "elegant imitations of nature" was "unusually low," the poor barber was taken so exceedingly ill that his life was despaired of. His lordship immediately on hearing of the illness of his favorite artist, sent a physician to attend him, and the first desire of the barber on his recovery was, very naturally, to assure the noble lord of his gratitude for this unexpected act of benevolence. After a few words of condolence, his lordship asked him if his funds were not exhausted by his long inability to attend to his business, and whether an order in the way of trade would not be serviceable to him. Receiving an answer in the affirmative, he ordered a score of wigs. Upon bringing them home, the wig maker began to pour forth the grateful feelings of his heart for this new kindness, in addition to having saved his life, when his lordship interrupted him by putting down the money, and jokingly remarked, "Oh!-you may now die and be for aught I care,

for I have got wigs enough to last all my life!"

Lord Stanhope died in December, 1815, deeply lamented by all, but more especially by the humbler class of citizens, whose esteem and friendship he had won by his interest and exertions in their welfare.

HOHLFELD.

HOHLFELD, the celebrated German mechanic, was born of poor parents at Hennerndorf, in the mountains of Saxony, in the year He learned the trade of lace-making at Dresden, and early disovered a turn for mechanics by constructing various kinds of clocks. From Dresden he removed to Berlin to follow his occupation. As he was an excellent workman, and had invented several machines for shortening his labor, he found sufficient time to indulge his inclination for mechanics; and he made there, at the same time he pursued his usual business, air-guns and clocks. In the year 1748, he became acquainted with the celebrated Sulzer, at whose desire he undertook the construction of a machine for noting down any piece of music when played upon a harpsichord A machine of this kind had been before invented by Mr. Von Un. ger, but Hohlfeld, from a very imperfect description, completed one without any assistance. Of this machine, now in the possession: of the Academy of Sciences at Berlin, Sulzer gave a figure, from which it was afterwards constructed in England. This ingenious

piece of mechanism was universally approved, though several things may be wanting to render it complete; but no one was so generous as to indemnify the artist for his expenses, or to reward him for his labor.

About the year 1756, the Prussian minister, Count de Powdewils, took him into his service, chiefly for the purpose of constructing water-works in his magnificent gardens at Gusow. There he invented his well-known threshing machine, and another for chopping straw more expeditiously. He also displayed his talent for invention by constructing an apparatus which, when fastened to a carriage, indicated the number of revolutions made by the wheels. Such machines had been made before, but his far exceeded every thing of the like kind. Having lost this machine by a fire, he invented another still simpler, which was so contrived as to be buckled between the spokes of the wheel. This piece of mechanism was in the possession of Sulzer, who used it on his tour, and found that it answered the intended purpose.

In the year 1765, when the Duke of Courland, then hereditary prince, resided at Berlin, he paid a visit to Hohlfeld and endeavor. ed to prevail on him to go to Courland, by offering him a pension of eight hundred rix-dollars; but this ingenious man was so con. tented with his condition, and so attached to his friends, that he would not, merely for self-interest, quit Berlin. His refusal, how. ever, obtained for him a pension of one hundred and fifty dollars from the king. Besides the before mentioned machines, he constructed occasionally several useful models. Among these was a loom for weaving figured stuffs, so contrived that the weaver had no need of any thing to shoot through the woof; a pedometer for putting in the pocket; a convenient and simple bed for a sick person, by which the patient could at any time, with the least effort, raise or lower the breast, and, when necessary, convert the bed into a stool; and a carriage, so formed, that if the horses took fright and ran away, the person in it could, by a single push, loosen the pole and set them at liberty.

Every machine that this singular man saw, he altered and im. proved in the simplest manner. All his own instruments he made himself, and repaired them when damaged. But as he was fonder of inventing than of following the plans of others, he made them in such a way that no one but himself could use them. Several of his improvements were, however, imitated by common work. men, though in a very clumsy manner. It is worthy of remark, that he never bestowed study upon any thing; but when he had once conceived an idea, he immediately executed it. He comprehended in a moment whatever was proposed, and at the same time