civilization devoted to idolatry as the apostles found in the Roman empire. Greece and Rome are not found in every age. The test, therefore, could not be applied. In the third place, do we not hear of converts from among the higher castes of semi-barbarous nations? Call to mind Abdool Messeeh, a learned Mohammedan; Leang-a-fa, the Chinese assistant of Dr. Morrison; Asaad-eshShidiak at Beyroot; Africaner in South Africa; several Armenians at Constantinople, distinguished for talents and character; Babajee, a learned Brahmin in western India, etc. In the fourth place, no evangelical Christians lay any claim to Rammohun Roy, as "having shown himself on the heights of Christianity."

In the view of the author, the grand catholicon, the sovereign remedy for all the evils under which we now groan is ecclesiastical organization.

We are prepared, then, to say, that the church of Christ as a society, in its own proper organization, is the only and the very society, under the commission given by Jesus Christ, which he has authorized to be employed by his professed disciples for the reformation of morals and manners in the world, and for the gradual and ultimate subjection of all mankind to the laws and principles of the Bible.

But here a question arises. Have the Congregational Christians of New England any proper ecclesiastical organization for the conversion of the world, or for any thing else? Are they not on ground wholly unauthorized by Christ? Are they not a mere voluntary association? What then shall they do? They claim no regular descent from the apostles. How, also, will the Episcopal church of the United States, reform morals and manners in the world? By means of their general conventions? But the lay members of those conventions are not necessarily church-members. They may be mere pew-holders, men who care little or nothing for vital piety; these then must act ecclesiastically for the conversion of the world!

Though there are a few good and commendable things in this book, it is, on the whole, a mass of crude and exaggerated statements. It will be read as one of the last novelties of the year 1836, and will then find its way

Ad locum umbrarum, somni, noctisque soporae.

A very large and respectable body of the Episcopal communion will have little sympathy with it.

7.-The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington. By E. C. M'Guire. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1836, pp. 414.

This is an elaborate collection of all the proofs which are scattered through the biographies of Washington, the contemporary newspapers, Mr. Sparks's edition of his writings, etc., which go to prove the piety of the father of his country. The author seems to have made a very good use of the materials in his possession. He appears also to have been indefatigable in his personal inquiries in the region of Mt. Vernon, as well as in his written correspondence.

ARTICLE XII.

SELECT LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS INtelligence.

UNITED

STATES.

THE works of the late president Appleton, of Bowdoin college, are now published. They form two volumes octavo, of more than 1000 pages. They contain a memoir prepared by an officer of Bowdoin college, an engraved portrait, his theological and baccalaureate lectures, and some miscellaneous compositions. A considerable portion of both volumes is now for the first time published. They will ever form standard volumes in American theological literature.

A work of much interest is in the press of Gould and Newman, entitled "Lectures on the Connection of Science with Revealed Religion, by Nicholas Wiseman, D. D., principal of the English college at Rome." etc. He takes up the subjects of the comparative study of languages, the unity of the human race, the geological questions growing out of the first chapter of Genesis, the illustrations of Scripture from the hieroglyphic discoveries in Egypt, etc., and discusses them with the hand of an accomplished scholar. Those of our readers, who are acquainted with the works of Bopp, Rossellini, Humboldt, Prichard, Klaproth, Champollion, and others of that class, will find little which is new in these volumes. But to the great mass of educated men in our country they will be full of interest. Dr. Wiseman is thoroughly acquainted with his subjects, and presents them in a perspicuous and very agreeable manner. He is a Roman Catholic, VOL. IX. No. 25. 32

but he does not allow his religions opinions to bias his judgment. We might read entire lectures without suspecting that he was a member of the "mother church." He has lately delivered a course of lectures in London, on the Roman Catholic question, which are regarded as particularly able, though to Protestants, of course, wholly unsatisfactory. He endeavors, in the course of his argument, to grapple with the question of the "authority of tradition."

The Greek Testament of Dr. Bloomfield will be soon issued from the press in two volumes, 8vo. We have examined some of the sheets, and we find them printed with great correctness and beauty. We presume that there will be but one opinion of the value of this Testament. Dr. Bloomfield is a learned and critical scholar, long practised in the study of the New Testament, well acquainted with German works, and apparently devoted to the truth as it is in Jesus. The work will answer both for a Greek Testament with the various readings, and a closely and judiciously condensed English cominentary. If we understand the case, it will exactly meet the wants of many clergymen and students of the Bible.

Dr. Adams, president of the college of Charleston, S. C., is about to publish a treatise on moral philosophy. From the analysis of the volume furnished by the public papers, as well as from the reputation of the author, we may expect a valuable contribution to the science.

The Latin-English part of the late Mr. Leverett's lexicon was published just previously to the lamented death of the editor. The volume bears the marks of the most solicitous care in the preparation of the copy, and in the typographical execution. We learn that it is well received by those, whose employment has required them to examine its merits. The English-Latin part is in press. An edition of 2000 copies of Andrews and Stoddard's Latin grammar has been sold. We observe that it is mentioned with commendation in the last aunual catalogue of Yale College. Prof. Fiske's Manual of Classical Literature, published by Key and Biddle of Philadelphia, is adopted into the schedule of text-books in some of our classical institutions and colleges. It is a work constructed on the most enlarged and philosophical principles, and, at the same time, combines a great amount of accurate detail and of learned reference.

Fosdick's translation of Hug's Introduction to the New Testament has met with an unexpectedly rapid sale. It has been adopted into the course of study at some of the western literary and theological institutions. Professor Keith of Alexandria is proceeding with the translation of Hengstenberg's Christology. Professor Stuart's work on hermeneutics, is not to be a revised edition of Ernesti, but an independent treatise, adapted to the present wants of theological students.

The American Antiquarian Society have just issued a second volume. It is mainly occupied with a very extended view of the Indian languages, etc., of America, by Albert Gallatin.

We have been much pleased with a little Manual of Biblical interpretation by the Rev. L. A. Sawyer, just published by A. H. Maltby of New Haven. We think the author has been successful in his endeavor to exhibit the fundamental rules and principles of biblical interpretation, in such a manner as to place them within the reach of every intelligent reader of English. The rules are accompanied with familiar illustrations and examples. The system is substantially the same as that which Ernesti and Morus have developed in a scientific and technical manner.

Public libraries. The number of volutnes in the college libraries of the United States is about 300,000; in student's libraries, 120,000; in the libraries of theological seminaries 80,000; in other public libraries 300,000. Total number of volumes, 800,000. The Philadelphia library has 44,000 volumes; the Harvard University, 42,000; the Boston Athenaeum nearly 30,000; the New York city 25,000. The best theological library in the United States is that of the Andover Theological Seminary, containing 13,000 volumes. A well-selected and very valuable library has just been purchased in Europe by professor Stowe for Lane Theological Seminary. Some of our libraries contain numerous pamphlets, maps, etc. Harvard university has a collection of 10,000 maps, charts, and views. There is a great deficiency of systematic and scientific catalogues of the books in the American libraries. This deficiency has been supplied at Cambridge, and it is about to be at Andover, and at the library of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester. Mr. Taylor's catalogue of the Andover library, nearly ready for the press, is very elaborately prepared.

The number of organized colleges in the United States is between eighty and ninety. About seven or eight are under the direction of the baptists; seven of the episcopalians; seven of the methodists; six of the Roman catholics; one of the universalists; and the remainder, (about sixty), of the congregationalists and presbyterians. Thirteen, containing about 2600 students, are in New England; nineteen, with 2000 students, in the four Middle States; twenty-one, with 2000 students, in the seven southern and south western States and the district of Columbia; and thirty, with about 2300 students, in the remaining States. Yale College has the largest number of students; Amherst and Union are about equal in point of numbers; and Harvard university is the fourth. The students mentioned in some of the southern and western colleges include those in the preparatory departments. - The number of law-schools in the United States is eight, with 214 students; medical schools twenty-three, with 133 professors and 2100 students; theological seminaries about thirtyfive, with 80 professors and 1400 students.

The total number of ministers of all the religious denominations in the United States, of all kinds, not including the local preachers of the

methodists, nor the ministers of the Friends, may be about 13,000. A large part of these, however, are uneducated, and but ill qualified for their work. The communicants are estimated to be between 1,800, 000, and 1,900,000. The number of communicants belonging to the Baptist denomination in the United States and the British Provinces, as stated in the Baptist Triennial Register, for 1836, is 517,523; the number in England and Wales 140,000; in the world, 696,692. The methodist episcopal church and the methodist protestants of the United States have about 680,000 communicauts; the congregationalists 140,000; the presbyterians under the care of the general Assembly 250,000. The number of communicants in several of the smaller denominations is not known.

GREAT BRITAIN.

THE parliamentary returns of education, lately printed, state that there are in England and Wales, 38,971 day-schools, containing 1,276,947 scholars, and 16,828 Sunday-schools, with 1,548,890 scholars; being thirty-two for each day-school, and ninety-two for each Sunday-school. It will be observed that the total of Sunday scholars reported is 271,943 more than the daily scholars.

From the annual report of King's college, London, delivered April 30th, 1836, it appears that the prosperity of the college is steadily progressive. The regular students were at Christmas, 554; and the occasional, during the year, 205. There are now 614 regular students.

Mrs. Sophia Vansittart, sister of lord Bexley, has bequeathed ten thousand pounds to the United Brethren's missions, and a like sum to the British and Foreign Bible Society.

The total missionary income of Great Britain in 1835 is estimated at £250,000, exclusive of the income of the Bible Society for foreign objects, which does not amount to £50,000; and, therefore, the whole missionary income is under £300,000. The whole income of Great Britain and Ireland is calculated by Pebrer, in his work on Taxation, to be £514,823,059; hence its missionary income is not one 1700th part of its whole income; and if one hundredth part of its income might not unreasonably be consecrated to foreign missions, then the missionary income ought to be £5,140,000. The amount of ardent spirits consumed in Great Britain and Ireland, in the year 1832, was nearly 26,000,000 of gallons, the cost of which to the consumer was about £17,000,000.

In Wiseman's Lectures, there is frequent and honorable mention, of the treatise of Dr. James C. Prichard on "The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations, proved by a Comparison of their Dialects with the Sanscrit, Greek, Latin, and Teutonic languages." The main strength of Dr. Prichard's argument, seems to lie in the analogy which he has established between the numerals, the names of persons, and de