(Cart. Cambusk.'), i.e., anno Dom. 1367; but the Henry Wardlaw, a nephew of the above- Urmston. Walter Wardlaw, Bishop of Glasgow, 1368 created a cardinal by Urban VI., 1381'; died 1389. At the beginning of the reign of King Robert II. a solemn embassy was sent to Paris, to renew and strengthen the league between Scotland and France. ST. EANSWYTH (9th S. iv. 461; v. 8). MR. JOHN T. PAGE says that recent mention made of the discovery of the relics of this virgin saint at Folkestone "whets his appetite," a remark that suggests a queer sort of taste. Particulars of the whole circumstances may be found recorded in the Building News, 3 June and 24 July, 1885; British Architect, 26 June, 1885; Builder, 27 June, 1885; Kent County Standard, 17 July, 1885; Folkestone Chronicle, 18 July, 1885, and 2 Oct., 1897; Maidstone and Kentish Journal, 20 July, 1885; and Illustrated Carpenter and Builder, 24 July, 1885. The story of my "find" was retold in the Times, 5 Oct., 1897, and that paper devoted a long leader to it four days later (9 Oct.). There were also articles and letters thereupon in the Liverpool Mercury, Guardian, and Folkestone Express, all for 6 Oct., 1897; Weekly Register, 9 Oct., 1897; and the Morning Post, 13 Nov., 1897. Probably many other publications contained accounts of what was con-bassadors were Sir Archibald Douglas and sidered to have been one of the most Walter Wardlaw-the latter soon afterwards remarkable antiquarian finds ever made in raised to the dignity of a cardinal. We are Kent, but the above list comprises all that my told that he had taught philosophy with press-cutting agents (Romeike & Curtice) seem applause in the University of Paris" (Michel., to have sent me. HARRY HEMS. i. 71). I doubt if any complete biography exists. He was, historically, overshadowed by Bishop of St. Andrews 1404; founder of the his more illustrious nephew, Henry Wardlaw, University 1411; died 1440; distinguished for severe morality, and, even more, for bitter animosity towards heretics. During his tenure of office two persons were, with his knowledge, burnt at the stake for heresy-John Resby, an Englishman, 1422; and Paul Crew, a Bohemian, 1432. HERBERT B. CLAYTON. Fair Park, Exeter. A description of this reliquary and its discovery is in Arch. Cantiana, vol. xvi. pp. 322-6. This account is also reprinted in the History of the Parish Church of Folkestone' (Skeffingtons), by the late vicar, the Rev. Matthew Woodward. ARTHUR HUSSEY. Wingham, Kent. CARDINAL WARDLAW (9th S. iv. 498).-The following is taken from the Right Rev. Robert Keith's Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops': Walter Wardlaw, of the family of Torrie, in Fife, Archdeacon of Lothian, and secretary to King David II., was consecrated' Bishop of the See of Glasgow in the year 1368 (Rymer), yet he is bishop here in the thirty-eighth year of King David II. 66 The am of Fife, married a niece of Walter, High Sir Henry Wardlaw, of Torrie, in the west dinal Walter Wardlaw, who was consecrated Steward of Scotland, and was father of CarBishop of Glasgow in 1368. Walter Wardlaw first appears as Archdeacon of Lothian and secretary to David II., who reigned 1329 to 1370. He was present at the coronation at Ralph Dodd imputed to me is even more Scone of the first Stewart king, Robert II. surprising-in the form quoted. That Dodd (1370-90), and was made cardinal in 1381. was a man of ideas, and only of ideas, I venture His name is attached to documents in 1389, to think there can be very little doubt. MR. though Fordoun, the historian, says he died COBHAM certainly does not even attempt to 1387. He was uncle of Henry Wardlaw, make him anything else. If he had any other Bishop of St. Andrews, who founded the Uni-stock-in-trade than ideas, how did it happen versity there in 1410. Besides the copy of that the tunnel from Gravesend proved such a the family history mentioned as being at one failure? It is ridiculous to think that the time in France, it is said there was another Board of Management was entirely to blame. at Torrie, brought down to the close of the Dodd's original estimates were absurdly infifteenth century. See Millar's 'Fife, Pictorial adequate. When he appeared in the direct and Historical,' 1895. J. L. ANDERSON. conduct of the work he was absolutely inEdinburgh. effective. It took some years of pottering and wasting money to show that he was incompetent, even in the essentials of the working scheme. Brunel was a man of different calibre. It is rather surprising to find him mentioned with Dodd. The canal scheme came to nothing; the London dock scheme Dodd (not of other people) on which MR. was futile. What are the achievements of It is to no COBHAM would lay stress? the value of Purpose to argue about ideas. Some of Dodd's (one notably, about the London water supply) were sound enough. But his performances were scarcely great enough to warrant the erection of a statue to his memory anywhere outside the kingdom of Barataria, where ideas reigned supreme. GEORGE MARSHALL. HEADING TO A CHAPTER OF THOMASA KEMPIS (9th S. iv. 538).—“Ama nesciri" is not, I think, to be found as a heading to any chapter of the Imitation,' but it occurs in 1. 34 of chap. ii. bk. i.: “Si vis utiliter aliquid scire et discere, ama nesciri et pro nihilo reputari." The phrase is a quotation from St. Bernard's third sermon on the Nativity (St. Bernard, 'Opp.,' tom. i. p. 782, ed. Mabill., Paris, 1690): Tu ergo, qui Christum sequeris, absconde Thesaurum. Ama nesciri, laudet te alienum, sileat tuum." The phrase became a proverb among the brothers of common life. Further information as to the use of the phrase will be found in the notes to ch. ii. bk. i. in the edition of the Imitation' by C. Hirsche (Berlin, C. Habel, 1891). J. A. J. HoUSDEN. OS [Similar replies acknowledged.] THE BOOK OF PRAISE,' &c. (9th S. v. 28).I cannot give any better reference than my memory, but I believe that Matthew Arnold made the disparaging remark which was quoted, the occasion being a lecture at Oxford delivered in his capacity of Professor of Poetry. WM. H. PEET. ANKER-HOLES OR ANCHORITES' CELLS (9th S. iv. 519). Sir Walter Besant, in his Westminster,' said that an anchorite had been appointed at Westminster. The statement was made from an unpublished document of apparently the reign of Henry IV. (13991413). The late REV. W. SPARROW SIMPSON directed attention to this statement, and asked through N. & Q.,' 8th S. viii. 408, where the "unpublished document" was to be seen. No reply was given, and I now repeat the question, possibly with better success. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. THAMES TUNNEL (9th S. iv. 419, 467; v. 35). -The tone of MR. CHARLES COBHAM's note is certainly rather surprising. The opinion of Sefton Park, Liverpool. ENIGMA BY W. M. PRAED (9th S. v. 26).—A short article on 'Sir Hilary's Prayer,' by Mr. S. T. Whiteford, will be found in Longman's Magazine, December, 1882. The solution suggested was "Adieu," and as used alternatively, "A Dieu" and "Aide Dieu." Several other solutions were also offered by correspondents in the following February issue of the same magazine, viz., "Restrain,' "Heart Ease," "Pension," "Good - night,' "Farewell," &c. The editor, however, adds an expression of his opinion that it is doubtful if any of the solutions suggested will be accepted as final. WM. H. PEET. แ 'QUAGGA" AND ZEBRA" (9th S. v. 3).-I have no knowledge of the Bantu languages, with the exception of a very superficial acquaintance with Kiswahili, which I picked up at Zanzibar, and I cannot therefore say how far MR. PLATT's derivation of quagga may be correct. But with regard to zebra, MR. PLATT has been deceived by Isenberg. There is no such word in the Amharic language, though Isenberg has it in his 'Dictionary. It is, in fact, a ghost-word, and the only reason for its spectral existence is that Isenberg in his missionary schools was called on to translate elementary treatises in history and geography, and transliterated the English zebra into Amharic characters. So far as I know, there is no Ethiopic word which has any relation whatever to zebra. I can speak with some authority, for many years ago my regretted friend the late Bernard Quaritch supplied me with an interleaved copy of Isenberg's 'Dictionary,' on which I entered every Amharic word contained in the vocabularies consulted by Dillmann when compiling his 'Ethiopic Lexicon.' This involved careful research through every page and column of the 'Lexicon.' Nor do I think the Abyssinians know anything about the zebra. During three years' residence in the country I never heard of its existence, nor is it mentioned by Mr. W. T. Blanford in his 'Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia,' 1870. Sir W. Cornwallis Harris, who was a great hunter and a distinguished naturalist, is also silent on the subject of the zebra in the 'Remarks on the Geology, Botany, and Zoology, of the Highlands of Southern Abyssinia, appended to the second volume of his High lands of Ethiopia,' 1844. In conclusion, I may add that Amharic is not only the Court and official language of Abyssinia, but that it is the language of every Abyssinian in the southern and western provinces of the country. In Tigre, in the north-east, a distinct language is spoken, called Tigriña, which is much more nearly akin to the old Ethiopic than Amharic is. W. F. PRIDEAUX. West Haddon, Northamptonshire. When referring to Chaucer as "the morning star of song," Tennyson may have had in mind the lines of Plato beginning, Αστὴρ πρὶν μὲν ἔλαμπες ἐνὶ ζώοισιν έφος, and of Shelley, Thou wert the morning star among the living, &c. Besides Sir John Denham we have, nearly a hundred years later, the tribute of Thomas Campbell, Chaucer, our Helicon's first fountain-stream, Our morning star of song, that led the way, using the identical words appearing in A Dream of Fair Women.' R. B. ST. MARY'S, MOORFIELDS (9th S. iv. 511).Under this heading it may be interesting to note that a full-page engraving depicting 'Midnight Mass at St. Mary's, Moorfields, on Christmas Eve,' appeared in the Illustrated London News of 11 Jan., 1862. The picture shows more than two-thirds of the interior of the edifice, looking towards the high altar whereat the mass is being celebrated. A couple of inches of letterpress accompany the engraving, from which I extract the following: "St. Mary's, Moorfields, which is situated at the corner of East Street, Finsbury Circus, was opened in 1820. It has an embellished entrance façade, in the pediment of which are sculptured two figures kneeling at the cross. The interior is handsome indeed, it may be called superb. The semi-circular altar-wall, behind a screen of marble columns, has a large painting of the Crucifixion, by Aglio, an Italian artist, executed in what is called mezzofresco. This great scenic picture is well shown by a fine. On the ceiling are painted the Virgin Mary, subdued light from the roof, and its effect is very the infant Jesus, the four Evangelists, and a series of paintings of events in the life of the Saviour." St. Mary's is further characterized as "an edifice which stands next to the Cathedral of St. George amongst the [Roman Catholic] places of worship." St. Mary's is contained in London and its An engraving which shows the front of Environs in the Nineteenth Century' (First Series), 1827. It is drawn by Thos. H. Shepherd, engraved by Thos. Barber, and dedicated to the Duke of Norfolk. JOHN T. PAGE. West Haddon, Northamptonshire. "MARQUÉE" (9th S. iv. 499).—The word was apparently unknown to the upholsterer of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century, although he was often called upon to "uphold" the portable canvas tent, the equivalent of our modern "marquee,' when the ménage of outdoor life was an important factor in the society of those and preceding times. But the portable pavilion was superseded by the more permanent structure, which, though retaining the name, possessed nothing of the outward appearance of the original gaily stained pavilion or field tent; so that the use of the "marquee," so far as this country is concerned, may be assumed to have begun when that of the canvas pavilion had been abandoned for the more solid fabric of wood, &c., instances of whose use occur about the time to which MR. W. P. COURTNEY'S extract alludes, namely 1774. The Pavilion in Hans Place (Old and New London'), for instance, was originally built as a model for the Pavilion at Brighton. The Brighton Pavilion, purchased by George IV., then Prince of Wales, in 1800, was commenced in 1784, and completed in 1787; and the Queen's Pavilions in the gardens of Buckingham Palace, at the Royal Naval Exhibition, and on similar occasions are late instances of the superseded royal tent. The arms of the Company of Upholsterers are, On a chevron three roses, between three tents royal, two and one, the Company dating from 1627; and a tent royal, or pavilion-Randle Holme thus uses the alternative - appears to have been an appurtenance exclusively of royalty, whereas a "marquée" appertained to a French marquis, a title employed for the first time in the reign of Louis le Débonnaire, in the ninth century, so that it would be à propos of the question to learn when the marquée was first known in France. Randle Holme, in his Armory' (1688), certainly does not mention the term in his list of "several names given to these Moveing Houses " (bk. iii. ch. xii. p. 449). A marquise, Anglicized "marquee," was originally, according to Littré, a marchioness's tent, and a marquis, an officer or prefect of the marches, would, doubtless, not expect the marquise to share the hardships of a "field-bed " life. A publichouse sign of the "Royal Pavilion" occurs at No. 217, Vauxhall Bridge Road, and there is a "Royal Tent" in the Old Court suburb, while the "Royal Tent" again was the trade sign of an upholsterer in Red Cross Street, Southwark, in 1780 (Banks Coll. Shop-Bills). The last, at all events, of these three had its birth probably in the frantic popular joy which attended the Restoration of Charles II. | in 1660. On May 29 in that year a very magnificent tent was erected on St. George's Fields, when the Lord Mayor and Aldermen met the king, and the former, having delivered the City sword to his Majesty, had the same returned with the honour of knighthood. A sumptuous collation had been provided, in which the king participated (J. G. Gough, 'London Pageants,' 1831, 8vo.). But on such occasions as this, within the period alluded to, we do not encounter the use, I think, of the word "marquee." J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. Under the date 1783 I find the form marquise, “under a marquise or tent, taken from the British" (Conway's 'Life of Paine,' 1892, vol. i. p. 197). What does this same word mean in the following?"La voiture s'arrêtant sous la marquise du perron" (Père Goriot,' p. 78, my edition). JAMES HOOPER. AN UNCLAIMED POEM OF BEN JONSON (9th S. iv. 491; v. 34).-Dryden, in his prologue to 'The Tempest,' speaking of Fletcher pen. and Jonson as imitators of Shakspeare, says:One imitates him most, the other best. If they have since out-writ all other men, Tis with the drops which fell from Shakspeare's This is not quite fair to Jonson, for Shakspeare has taken something from him. I think that Jonson shows most genius in 'Every Man in his Humour.' This play is conspicuous for humour and the drawing of character; but its plot is so faint and feeble as to be hardly perceptible. The style of the prose in which the play is chiefly written is simple and good, and in this respect often contrasts favourably with the turgidity of Shakspeare. Every Man in his Humour' was produced before The Merry Wives of Windsor' and 'Twelfth Night'; and anybody who reads the three plays must see the likeness between Master Stephen Slender and Sir Andrew Aguecheek. There are other resemblances. E. YARDLEY. SALADIN AND THE CRUSADER'S WIFE (9th S. iv. 538).-The tomb of the Crusader and his devoted wife, referred to by MR. LAWSON, is in the chantry of a church at Cowarne, a market town and parish of Herefordshire, and near Pauncefort Court, a fair house" built (says Canden) temp. Henry III., at Hasfield, in Gloucestershire, by Richard Pauncefort, who in 1248 had a grant of the manor, where his ancestors were possessed of fair lands in the Conqueror's time. Burke opens the Pauncefort pedigree with Geoffrey or Galfrid de Pauncefort, steward of the household to King John, who married Sybilla, daughter of William de Cantelupe, Lord of Aston Cantelo, Barwick, and Chilton Cantelo, and sister of William Cantelupe, Lord Cantelupe, Seneschal Regis. I have somewhere seen that it was a Sybilla who sent her couped hand to the infidels to ransom her husband, who was called Grimbald; but even if he were really a Geoffrey or Galfrid-if, as MR. LAWSON seems to show, tradition indicates Saladin as the infidel who held De Pauncefort prisoner-the date of Saladin's death, 1193, and the date of marriage with Sybilla de Cantelupe, 1209, do away with the possibility of this being the Sybilla. And supposing a former wife of Geoffrey or Galfrid to have been the heroine of the story, why was the later wife left entirely unmemorialized, whilst the effigy of the former wife lay beside his own? Had it not been for that mention of Saladin, too, and in the absence of other data, one might have supposed it to have been a later crusade, and have attributed the act of sacrifice to Sybilla, daughter and heir of the lord of the manor of Crickhowell, co. Brecon, who was wife of that Sir Grimbald, the first so named in the pedigree, who in 1281 obtained a charter for market and fair at Cowarne, and who may have followed Edward I. to the Holy Land in 1270. In a roll of that reign he bears Gules, three lions rampant argent, he "having received the lions from Sir Edward Bohun, who had knighted him." Duncumb's 'Hist. of Herefordshire' (Brit. very Mus. press mark 2064 d.) has a interesting account of the ruined effigies at Cowarne, and, I think, mentions Eustachius Pauncefort, who held one-fourth part of a knight's fee at Cowarne as early as 1109. I have an impression that Cowarne is sometimes called Much-Cowarne, unless that is the name of a mansion. (Mrs.) C. LEGA-WEEKES. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. With hair that gilds the water as it glideswhere the play on gilds and glides is possibly intentional. Globe, for a spherical body, is not found before the middle of the sixteenth century. An interesting comparison is suggested between the word gloaming, familiar in Scottish verse, and glooming, used, with a certain sort of anticipation of Milton, by Spenser in A little glooming light, much like a shade. Some interesting historical information is naturally found under glove. See the quotation from Gay concerning the claim for a pair of gloves by one kissing a sleeper. We should have expected to find an instance of gnome-goblin, dwarf, earlier than Pope's 'Rape of the Lock,' but can cite none. Among innumerable meanings of go as a substantive we find a go of brandy only a hundred years old. The word as applied to the measure containing the liquid is a few years older. Under goat we find one definition to which we object as inadequate. This is Goat is said to signify a licentious man. wrong, and is a mere euphemism. The meaning is a libidinous man, and even an excessively libidinous man, a lecher, and no weaker phrase should be employed. Licentious is broader and more varied in meaning. It is rarely we find the occasion for a comment of this kind. The references, too, are sometimes too vague. Under goal, advanced as of difficult etymology, we find, "Fick Idg. Wb. ii.," which is sufficiently enigmatical to puzzle us. Again, under gown we find, "Fick's Idg. Wb. ii. 281." Votaries of golf may be interested to know that the name is of obscure origin, but will find no final decision as to the way in which it is to be pronounced. The earlier forms of orthography seem to favour the now fashionable pronunciation of goff. The information concerning goliard, goliardic, &c., is worthy of study. Under good luck we would fain have had Milton's Good luck befriend thee, Son, for at thy birth Nooks and Corners of Shropshire. By H. Thornhill A DOUBLE section of Dr. Murray's monumental dictionary brings the fourth volume-the issue of which is superintended by Mr. Bradley-within measurable reach of completion. The part, which includes 3,675 words, illustrated by 15,816 quotations, is noteworthy as containing "three of the most important words of the Teutonic vocabulary, go, God, and good," which words, with their compounds and derivatives, occupy nearly a quarter of the space of the section. A curious history is narrated of the word glee-entertainment, play, sport, &c. This word is wanting from the other MR. TIMMINS is continuing his pleasant and conTeutonic languages. After presenting itself with scientiously discharged task of illustrating with great frequency in many different forms, it seems pen and pencil the beauties, natural and archiafter the fifteenth century to have been rarely tectural, and the antiquities of Wales and the used, and by the beginning of the eighteenth was Welsh borders, and has followed The Nooks and spoken of by Phillips as obsolete, while Johnson Corners' of Pembrokeshire and of Herefordshire considered it a merely comic word. Pope, how-by the Nooks and Corners of Shropshire. His ever, it should be noted, employed it twice in the 'Dunciad,' and Shakespeare, an instance from whose Timon' is advanced, once uses gleeful. A characteristic use of it is made in the version familiar to us of "A frog he would a-wooing go," in which occur the lines As they were in glee and a-merry-making, A cat and her kittens came tumbling in. The date of this we do not know. We find, to our surprise, gleek at cards used as equivalent to the French brelan: "A mournaval of aces and a gleek of queens." Glengarry, as the name of a cap, is not found earlier than 1858. Some interesting comments are made on the verb glide. A happy instance of the use of this word is furnished, we think, by Lodge— drawings are well executed, and the work will |