Nuclear Weapons and Scientific ResponsibilityC. G. Weeramantry Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1999 - 430 páginas Several years ago when this work first appeared, it had become apparent that scientists, who play such a key role in the nuclear enterprise, needed to be alerted to the many questions of conscience and legality that were inextricably interlinked with their work. These questions lay at the heart of the nuclear weapons problem, for whatever the political and military leaders might ordain, the manufacture of such weapons was a plain impossibility without the active assistance of the scientific profession. Yet no substantive work on this topic had until then been attempted. Such a work appeared at that time to be an urgent and important need. If the problem was then acute and serious, it is even more so now. The power of nuclear science has grown and with it has grown the power of the individual scientist to initiate new developments. The changes in the world order that have occurred in the intervening years enable individual scientists to hold themselves out as available for employment. Those who seek their expertise may include not only governments but other entities as well. The power of global destruction that these scientists command renders it imperative that they be alerted on a continuing basis to the problems of conscience that arise. Hence the need for a re-issue of this work, for which there had been many requests from concerned scientists, professional groups, socially concerned organisations and also from lawyers. The book is re-issued in its original form but updated by the inclusion of more recent work as contained in extracts from three judicial opinions upon the matter. |
Índice
CHAPTER I | 1 |
CHAPTER | 14 |
CHAPTER 4 | 49 |
a Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles ICBMs | 55 |
Violation of the laws of humanity | 89 |
Intergenerational damage | 95 |
A More Humanistic Approach to International | 107 |
a The impracticality of deterrence | 113 |
The Responsibility of the Scientist | 148 |
Consequences of the Thesis advanced in this Book | 182 |
APPENDIX A The Nuclear Winter according to Lord Byon 1816 | 189 |
Einsteins Letter to Roosevelt 1939 | 202 |
A Statement in Support of | 216 |
a New Zealand v France | 230 |
b WHO Advisory Opinion | 261 |
c General Assembly Advisory Opinion | 291 |
b Limited nuclear | 119 |
d Launchonwarning capability LOWC | 126 |
i The increase in the likelihood of | 132 |
The Concept of Personal Responsibility | 138 |
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE Opinion of the COURT | 297 |
The importance of a clarification of the | 313 |
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argument arms race Article Assembly atmosphere atomic bomb C.P. Snow cause Charter civilian civilization concept concern conscience Consequences of Nuclear context conventional countries Court crime against humanity customary international law damage danger Declaration defence destroy destruction deterrence devastation Disarmament effects of nuclear environment environmental force Geneva genocide global Hiroshima and Nagasaki human rights humanitarian law Ibid illegality international law issues jus in bello laws of war limited mankind Martens Clause matter military million missiles Mururoa Nagasaki Nobel Prize non-nuclear nuclear arms nuclear attack nuclear explosions nuclear powers nuclear tests nuclear war nuclear weapons nuclear winter opinion peace political population possible present principles problem produce prohibition protection Protocol question radiation radioactive referred regard resolution responsibility result rules scientific scientists self-defence Soviet Star Wars target threat tion Treaty United Nations United Nations Charter violation warfare weaponry Zealand