for ascertaining the practicability of manufacturing paper from the pulp of beet-root. As a proof of the success of his experiments, he has printed his work on paper manufactured from this material.

Pyroligneous Acid.-A discovery of great importance engages at this moment the attention of the physicians, the chemists, and the government in France. A person named Mange has discovered, that the pyroligneous acid, obtained by the distillation of wood, has the property of preventing the decomposition and putrefaction of animal substances. It is sufficient to plunge meat for a few moments into this acid, even slightly empyreumatic, to preserve this meat as long as you may desire. Cutlets, kidneys, liver, rabbits, which were as far back as the month of July last, are now as fresh as if they had been just procured from the market. I have seen, says Mange, carcases washed three weeks ago with pyrolig neous acid, in which there is yet no sign of decomposition. Putrefaction not only stops, but it even retrogrades. Jakes exhaling infection, cease to do so, as soon as you pour into them the purifying acid. You may judge how many important applications may be made of this process. Navigation, medicine unwholesome, manufactories, will derive incalculable advantages from it. This explains why meat merely dried in a stove, does not keep, while that which is smoked becomes unalterable. We have here an explanation of the theory of hams, of the beef of Hamburgh, of smoked tongues, sausages, red herrings, of wood smoked to preserve it from worms, &c. &c. &c.

Paper from the Alga Marina-This is not a new invention, but it is possible that in the improved state of manufactures, and especially of chemistry, some alteration may have been made on the process before used. It is also well known, that there are several other plants, at present of no use, from which very good paper might be made, but the expense has not yet been ascertained.

Oil from Pumpkins.-The seeds of pumpkins are commonly thrown away; but abundance of an excellent oil may be extracted from them. When peeled they yield much more oil than an equal quantity of flax. This oil burns well; gives a lively light; lasts longer than other oils, and emits very little smoke. The cake remain ing after the extraction of the oil may be given to cattle, who eat it with avidity. The oil, when cold, is greasy, soft and pure; it does well for frying, especially fish.

New Metal-Dr Vert, professor of chemistry at Gratz, has discovered in the mine of Nickel, at Scaldmig, in Styria, a metal, differing from all those hitherto known. Its principal characters are, that it is not reducible, except when combined with arsenic; its oxides are white, as are also the salts resulting from it. He proposes to give it the name of Vestium.

Cast-Iron rendered Malleable.The So

ciety for the encouragement of Arts, &c. (in France) has for these fourteen years past proposed premiums for a process by which cast-iron could be rendered malleable, and proper to be made into common utensils, such as boilers, stew-pans, &c. usually made of copper, the use of which is dangerous, and often attended with accidents. This interesting problem of domestic economy has been solved by Messrs Baradelle and Dedor, and the Society in consequence decreed to them, on 23d September last, the premium offered for it.

The Marquis de St. Croix, who is a member of the Society, has since turned his attention to the application of this discovery; and he has just had experiments made in the manufactory of Loulans, upon pieces of this iron, which leave no doubt of their malleability, and of the advantages which result from it. Pots, vessels of different kinds, nails, keys, spoons, and forks, were first rough cast, then submitted to the process of malleabilisation. The malleabilized pieces not only resisted shocks which would have fractured the brittle cast iron,· but were not even broken by falls from the height of ten feet and more on the pavement. They could not be broken without letting them fall upon stones from the height of 20 or 30 feet. These pieces were turned and filed with more facility than pewter. The broken parts, the grain of which is fine jand nearly the same as that of steel, were bronzed and perfectly well soldered; the keys answered in the hardest locks as well as the usual iron keys; the nails did not rivet well, but entered easily and without breaking the hardest wood. The vessels designed for tinning received it very well; lastly, the malleabilised cast iron exceeds in strength by more than one half the cast iron hitherto in use.

Chinese Stone Yu-Many of our readers are aware that there is a stone of a greenish white colour, and considerable hardness, to which the Chinese give the name of Yu, and which they prize more than any other stone. It is said to cccur in the form of nodules, in the bottom of ravines, and in the beds of torrents, and in larger masses in the mountains themselves, especially in Yunan, one of the most northern provinces of the empire. It has been long known in this country under the name of Chinese jade or nephrite; but Professor Jameson, in the last edition of his Mineralogy, Vol. 1, page 505, assures us that it is prehnite. The following are the characters of this mineral, as given by Mr Clarke Abel, in his Narrative, &c. p. 134.

"Its colour is greenish white, passing into greyish green and dark grass green. Internally, it is scarcely glimmering. Its fracture is splintery; splinters white. It is semi-transparent and cloudy. It scratches glass strongly; and is not scratched by, nor scratches rock crystal. Before the blow-pipe it is infusible without addition.

3. Whitish green variety, same as No I.

4. Light-coloured greenish white variety

3.400

2.858 "The specimens, of which the specific gravities are as above, were all, except the last, furnished me by the kindness of Sir George Staunton. The last is precisely of the same nature as the sceptre sent to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and was put into my possession for the purpose of examination by the Hon. Mr Amherst, to whom it was presented by one of our attendant Mandarins."

The only part of this description which cannot be reconciled to prehnite is the infusibility before the blow-pipe. The specific gravity of the fibrous variety of prehnite is 2.901, its hardness is nearly the same as that of the Yu; and though its fracture is always fibrous, yet I can conceive it to be described by a person not familiar with the external characters, as having a splintery fracture, which is not altogether erroneous. The infusibility before the blow-pipe seems to separate the Yu both from prehnite and from nephrite, to which Mr Abel refers it. Power of the Screw. The Admiralty yacht, lately under repair in Woolwich dock-yards, was, on the 12th instant, raised from her bearings sufficiently high to have the bottom of her keel coppered, by the application of a single pair of screws, under the direction of Mr W. Hookey, assistant builder. The vessel is one of 120 tons, having on board 30 tons of ballast, with all the stageing, &c. attached. The whole operation was performed by eight men, in five minutes; and Mr Hookey is decidedly of opinion, that he could, by the application of ten such pair of screws, which are those used in his bending machine, raise any frigate in the service, an operation which, in many cases, would be of great public advantage.

Prevention of Dry Rot.-Mr Gavin Inglis, in some observations on the prevention of dry-rot, concurs with several gentlemen, who recently published the results of their experience, that timber, especially for ship-building, ought never to be cut till after the fall of the leaf. In examining

masses of oak, says he, dug from the alluvial strata of the country, where it has lain for ages, many of them are found fresh and sound as the day on which they had been thrown from their respective roots. In this case the timber is uniformly black as ebony, and obdurately hard. I was led from curiosity to examine chemically several of these old trunks, and found a far greater proportion of iron than could be supposed to exist in the natural state of the tree. To this iron I attribute the incorruptibility and high state of preservation of this antediluvian timber. This extraneous iron must have been supplied from the ore of the soil or chalybeate waters; in this state of solution it would penetrate the substance of the wood, unite with the astringent principle, and produce not only the black colour, but such a density of texture as almost to resist the sharpest instrument. The same means will season new timber, and render it proof against dry rot that will cure old: namely, the application of iron in a state of solution. This can be obtained at a comparatively small expence from a solution of green copperas, in which the wood must be soaked till it has acquired the colour of new ink. This would completely counteract every vegetable principle, and communicate durability and firmness of texture, with this additional advantage, that the sulphur of the solution, penetrating the substance of the plank, would defend it against the ravages of insects.

The Royal Medical Society of Copenhagen, which has existed more than forty years, and is similar to those established at London, Edinburgh, and Paris, has just published a fifth volume of a new series of its transactions, entitled, Acta nova Regia Societatis Havniensis, which had been postponed for sixteen years. Twentysix papers, on various medical subjects, form this collection; many of them display a considerable degree of research: from the industry and accuracy with which the description of the diseases, mode of treatment, and dissections, are detailed, they will tend equally to elucidate the object of their enquiries.

The first part of a French translation of Dr Wilson Philip's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, by Dr Letie, was published in Paris last month.

DIALOGUES, Letters, and Observations, illustrative of the Purity and Consistency of the Established Church.

The collection of essays on Men and Manners, entitled "The Hermit in London,"

some specimens of which have been printed in the Literary Gazette, will shortly appear.

Memoirs of Lord Byron are reported to be forthcoming, under the title of Harold the Exile.

An Essay on the Diagnosis, Morbid Anatomy, and Treatment of the Diseases of Children; by Marshall Hall, M.D. F.R.S.E. &c. is preparing for publication.

A comprised View of the Religious Principles and Practices of the Age, in Eight Sermons, at the Bampton Lecture in 1819; by Hector Davies Morgan, M.A.

Mr Pye, who compiled a Dictionary of Ancient Geography, has in the press, a Description of Modern Birmingham, emphatically termed the Toy Shop of Europe; whereunto are annexed, Observations made during an Excursion round the Town, in the Summer of 1818.

John Gamble, Esq. author of Irish Sketches, &c. will shortly publish Views of Society and Manners in the North of Ireland, in a Series of Letters written in the year 1818.

Dr Edward Nares has in the press a volume of Sermons, preached before the University of Oxford, on the Three Creeds, the Trinity and the Divinity of Christ.

The Eleventh Volume of Dr Shaw's Zoology.

Mr Partington, of the London Institution, is preparing for the press, an Historical Account of that Establishment, with plates, &c. to which will be prefixed, a Biographical Memoir of the late Professor Porson, with anecdotes, jeux d'esprit, &c. to be entitled Porsoniana.

Memoirs of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, and of his sons, Richard and Henry, with some original letters and other family papers; by Mr Oliver Cromwell, one of the family.

A new and greatly enlarged Collection of Speeches, by the Right Hon. John Philpot Curran, late Master of the Rolls in Ireland; including his memorable Speech on the Trial of the Shearses, and several others never before collected, with a Memoir and Portrait of Mr Curran, will shortly appear.

The Third Part of Mr Bagster's quarto Polyglott Bible.

Shortly will be published, the Wandering Jew; being an Authentic Account of the Manners and Customs of the most distinguished nations, interspersed with anecdotes of celebrated men of different periods since the last destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem; in a narrative, supposed to have been written by that mysterious character..

Hallamshire; being the History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York; by the Rev. J. Hunter.

A volume of Select Fables is in the press, and will speedily be published, with cuts, designed and engraved on wood; by Thomas and John Bewick, previous to the year 1784; and embellished with a highly finished portrait of T. Bewick, engraved on wood, by Charlton Nesbit, from an original picture. It will be printed uniform with the Histories of Quadrupeds and British Birds, and the Fables of Æsop.

The Population and Riches of Nations considered together, not only with regard to their positive and relative increase, but with regard to their tendency to Morals, Prósperity, and Happiness; by Sir Egerton Bridges, Bart. K. J.

A Third Volume of Sermons, by Mr Clapp.

The Third and Last Volume of Church History; by the Rev. Johnson Grant.

Dr Harrington has in the press, and will publish shortly, an extension of his Theory and System of Chemistry, elucidating all the phenomena without one single anomaly. The Thirteenth Part of Dupin's Universal History.

A Prospectus has been published by Mr Ackermann, of an Historical and Characteristic Tour of the Rhine, from Mayence to Coblentz, in six monthly parts. It will contain a complete history and picturesque description of a portion of country so full of curious and interesting circumstances, as well as so resplendent for its landscape, grandeur, and beauty; and it will be embellished with twenty-four highly finished and coloured engravings, from drawings expressly made by an eminent artist, resident near the banks of the Rhine, and habitually familiar with every part.

A new edition of Mr Darcy Lever's Young Sea Officer's Sheet Anchor, or a Guide to Practical Seamanship; in 1 vol 4to. with considerable improvements, will appear shortly.

The Baron de Sao Lourenço, Principal Treasurer of the Royal Treasury of Brazil, Knight Commander (Commendador) of the Orders of Christ, and of the Conception, and one of the Council of his Most Faithful Majesty, has translated the Essay on Man of Alexander Pope into Portuguese verse, completing his version within exactly the same number of lines as the original. This translation, with a large Appendix of Notes, Critical, Historical, Political, and Explanatory, elucidated by copious extracts from the works of many of the principal poets and philosophers of ancient and modern times, is now on the eve of publication, by a Literary Society in this country. The work will consist of three volumes in quarto, printed in a handsome form, and will be embellished by Portraits of the Author, (from a painting by Jervas, never before engraved), and of the Translators, as well as an Illustration of each Epistle, designed by an artist of eminence, and engraved in the first style of line-engraving. The avowed object of this publication is to excite a stimulus favourable to the progress of Letters and the Arts in Portugal and Brazil, and to promote the cultivation of the English language and literature in those countries. This most desirable aim is strengthened by the immediate sanction of the king of Por tugal and Brazil, to whom the work is expressly dedicated.

Dr W. E. Leach has nearly ready for publication, a Synopsis of British Mollusca; being an introduction to the method of arranging the shells of Great Britain, according to the structure of the animals, with descriptions and illustrative engravings.

Letters from Palestine, descriptive of a Tour through Galilee and Judea, with some account of the Red Sea, and of the present state of Jerusalem, illustrated with plates.

The Author of Conversations on Chemistry, &c. has a new work in the press, entitled, Conversations on Natural Philosophy.

A Picturesque Tour through Persia, illustrated with numerous engravings by Sir Robert Ker Porter, is preparing for the press.

A short Account is in the press, of some of the principal Hospitals of France, Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands; with remarks upon the climate and diseases of those countries; by Henry William Carter, M.D. F.R.S.E. one of Dr Radcliffe's travelling Fellows from the University of Oxford.

Memoirs of John Tobin, author of "The Honey Moon," &c. &c. With two unpublished plays, and other Selections from his MSS.; by Miss Benger.

The Rev. Mr Nolan's Polyglot Grammar, in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, French, Italian, Spanish, German, and modern Greek, is printing; and the French, Italian, Latin, and Greek languages are completed.

Poems; and Translations from the German. By John Anster, Esq. Trinity College, Dublin, 12mo.; will be published in a few days.

In one thick volume, 18mo, Cornelii Nepotis, de Vitis Excellentium Imperatorum, editio nova, studio Alexandri Stewart.

Travels in the North of Germany; exhibiting the present with observations on the first state of the social and political institutions, the agriculture, manufactures, commerce, education, arts, and manners, in that country, particularly in the Kingdom of Hanover; by Thomas Hodgskin, Esq. 2 vols, Svo.

Illustrations of the Novels and Tales by the Author of Waverley. In Twelve

Prints after original Designs by William Allan, and engraved in the first style of the art.

Geometrical Analysis, and the Geometry of Curve Lines; including the Conic Sections, and the more remarkable Curves of the higher orders; by John Leslie, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, 8vo.

Travels in Italy, Greece, and the Ionian Islands, in a series of Letters, descriptive of manners, scenery, and the fine arts; by H. W. Williams, Esq. 2 vols, 8vo. with engravings.

An Account of the Life of James Crichton of Cluny, commonly called the Admi

rable Crichton, with Notes, and an Appendix of Original Papers; by Patrick Fraser Tytler, Esq. F.R.S.E. Advocate. Beautifully printed by J. Ballantyne, with a portrait drawn by John S. C. Syme, from an original painting in the possession of Colonel Crichton. This work will embrace a critical examination of the evidence in support of the remarkable adventures of Crichton in France and Italy, with some considerations on the state of Literature in those countries and in Scotland during the sixteenth century. In the Appendix will be found several original passages never before published.

Gramina Scotica, or Dried Specimens of Grasses, collected chiefly in the vicinity of Edinburgh; by James R. Scott, F.L.S. &c. and Walter Oudney, M. D. M. W.S. &c. folio.

Mr Scott and Dr Oudney intend to publish "Observations, Botanical and Agricultural, on the British Grasses."

A Poem entitled Dunfermline Abbey, with Historical Notes and Illustrations; by A. Mercer, Dunfermline, will appear in the course of this month.

In a short time will appear a very interesting publication entitled, the Vocal Melodist of Scotland, consisting of all our Beautiful and Popular Native Airs, carefully selected from the Oldest and most Genuine Collections, and arranged with a Simple Harmony for the Piano Forte, Harp, Violin, or Violincello, by Nath. Gow.

ASTRONOMY.

A Translation of M. Cagnoli's Memoir on a new and certain method of ascertaining the Figure of the Earth, by means of occultations of the fixed Stars: together with Notes and an Appendix to the same; by F. Bailey.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

R. Priestley's Catalogue of old and new Books for 1819, 8vo. 5s.

Harding's new Catalogue of Books on Agriculture and Rural Economy, 8vo. 28. A Catalogue of old and new Books: Part I. containing a large Collection of Theology, including Sermons and Discourses, many of uncommon occurrence; by Richard Baynes, 25, Ivy-lane. 2s.

A Catalogue of a valuable Collection of Books, in various Languages, Paintings, Prints, Music, &c. to be sold, at the prices affixed by J. Rackham, Bury St. Edmund's. 2s.

BIOGRAPHY.

The Life of the Right Hon. John Philpot Curran; by his Son, William Henry Curran, 2 vols, 8vo. £1. 4s.

The second and concluding part of Memoirs of the Queen; by John Watkins, L.L.D. 9s.

The Life of Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart. by the Rev. J. Baker, 8vo. 8s. 6d.

BOTANY.

The Florist's Directory, or Treatise on the Culture of Flowers, Bulbous Roots, &c. including a Treatise on Soils and Manures; by James Maddocks; with notes and coloured plates by Curtis; royal 8vo. £1:11: 6d.

Fuci, or Coloured Figures and Descriptions, in Latin and English, of the Plants referred by Botanists to the Genus Fucus; by Dawson Turner, Esq. No. XLVIII, 4to, 7s. 6d.

CLASSICS.

The Delphin Classics; with the Variorum Notes. Parts III. and IV.

COMMERCE.

European Commerce; or, Complete Mercantile Guide to the Continent of Europe; comprising an Account of the Trade of all the principal Cities of the Continent, copious Tables of their Moneys, Exchanges, Weights, and Measures; by C. W. Rōrdanzs. 8vo, 11. 1s.

The Cyclopædia of Commerce; by S. Clarke, Esq. and John Williams, Esq. 4to. Part I. to III.

DRAMA.

The Carib Chief; by Mr Twiss. 2s. 6d. The Heart of Mid-Lothian, a Melo-Dramatic Romance; by T. Dibdin. 8vo, 2s. 6d. The Heart of Mid-Lothian, a Musical Drama; by Mr Terry. 8vo, 3s.

Lyrical Dramas; with Domestic Hours, a Miscellany of Odes and Songs; by Cornelius Neale. Foolscap 8vo, 9s.

Dramatic Scenes and other Poems; by Barry Cornwall, 12mo, 6s.

Fredolfo; a Tragedy in five acts; by the Rev. J. C. R. Maturin.

EDUCATION.

Food for the Young, adapted to the Mental Capacities of Children of Tender Years; by a Mother. 12mo.

Introductory Greek Exercises to those of Dunbar, Neilson, and others, arranged under models, to assist the Learner; by Nath. Howard. 12mo, 5s.

Letters from a Father to his Son on Religious Sentiment and Belief; by the Rev. H. G. White. Fc. 8vo, 6s. 6d.

The Preceptor's Key; by A. Jamieson. 18mo, 4s. 6d.

A National Spelling Book, or a sure Guide to English Spelling and Pronunciation; by B. Tabart. 8vo, 1s. 6d.

Hints for the Improvement of Early Education and Nursery Discipline.

Letters of Advice from a Lady of Distinction (Lady Spenser) to her Niece the Duchess of Devonshire shortly after her marriage. 12mo, 6s.

A Critical Examination of Cobbett's English Grammar. 1s. 6d.

Naval Chronology of Great Britain; or an Historical Account of Naval and Maritime Events; by J. Ralfe. Part VII. 8vo, 10s. 6d.

The History of Ancient Europe, from the earliest Times to the Subversion of the Western Empire; with a Survey of the most important Revolutions in Asia and Africa. 3 vols 8vo, 21. 2s.

The History of Modern Europe; a new edition, with a Continuation, terminating at the Pacification of Paris, in 1815; by Charles Coote, L.L.D. 7vol. 8vo, 31. 13s. 6d.

A Short History of France; including the principal Events from the Foundation of the Empire, by Pharamond, to the Restoration of Louis XVIII.; by Mrs Moore. 12mo, 7s.

LAW.

Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench, in Hilary Term, 59 Geo. III. 1819; by R. V. Barnewall and E. H. Alderson. Vol. II. Part II. royal 8vo, 5s.