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ARTICLE VIII.

The navigation of the River Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, shall for ever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain, and the citizens of the United States.

ARTICLE IX.

In case it should so happen that any place or territory belonging to Great Britain, or to the United States, should have been conquered by the arms of either, from the other, before the arrival of the said Provisional Articles in America, it is agreed that the same shall be restored without difficulty, and without requiring any compensation.

ARTICLE X.

The solemn ratifications of the present Treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged between the Contracting Parties in the space of six months, or sooner, if possible, to be computed from the day of the signature of the present Treaty.

In witness whereof, we, the Undersigned, their Ministers Plenipotentiary, have in their name, and in virtue of our Full Powers, signed with our hands the present Definitive Treaty, and caused the seals of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Paris, this third day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.

Appendix.

Treaty of

1783.

(L. S.) D. HARTLEY.

(L. S.)

JOHN ADAMS.

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GEORGE R.

His Britannic Majesty's Full Power.

GEORGE the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburgh, ArchTreasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, &c. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Whereas for the perfecting and establishing the peace, friendship and good understanding, so happily commenced by the Provisional Articles, signed at Paris the thirtieth day of November last, by the Commissioners of us and our good friends the United States of America, viz. New Hampshire, Massachusets Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the Three Lower Counties on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in North America; and for opening, promoting, and rendering perpetual, the mutual intercourse of trade and commerce between our Kingdoms and the Dominions of the said United States, we have thought proper to invest some fit person, with full powers, on our part, to meet and confer with the Ministers of the said United States, now residing at Paris, duly authorised for the accomplishing of such laudable and salutary purposes; now know ye, that we, reposing special trust and confidence in the wisdom, loyalty, diligence, and circumspection of our trusty and well-beloved David Hartley, Esq. (on whom we have therefore conferred the rank of our Minister Plenipotentiary) have nominated, constituted and appointed, and by these presents do nominate, constitute and appoint him our true, certain, and undoubted Commissioner, Procurator, and Plenipotentiary; giving and granting to him all and all manner of faculty, power and authority, together with general as well as special order (so as the general do not derogate from the special, nor on the

Appendix. contrary) for us, and in our name, to meet, confer, treat, and conclude with the Minister or Ministers furnished with sufficient powers, on the part of our Treaty of 1783. said good friends the United States of America, of and concerning all such matters and things as may be requisite and necessary for accomplishing and completing the several ends and purposes herein before mentioned; and also for us, and in our name, to sign such Treaty or Treaties, Convention or Conventions, or other instruments whatsoever, as may be agreed upon in the premises, and mutually to deliver and receive the same in exchange; and to do and perform all such other acts, matters and things, as may be any ways proper and conducive to the purposes above mentioned, in as full and ample form and manner, and with the like validity and effect, as we ourself, if we were present, could do and perform the same; engaging and promising, on our royal word, that we will accept, ratify and confirm, in the most effectual manner, all such acts, matters and things, as shall be so transacted and concluded by our aforesaid Commissioner, Procurator and Plenipotentiary; and that we will never suffer any person to violate the same, in the whole or in part, or to act contrary thereto. In testimony and confirmation of all which, we have caused our Great Seal of Great Britain to be affixed to these presents, signed with our royal hand. Given at our Palace at St. James's, the fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, and in the twenty-third year of our reign.

Full Power of the United States of America.

The United States of America, in Congress assembled, To all to whom these presents shall come, send greeting: Whereas these United States, from a sincere desire of putting an end to the hostilities between His Most Christian Majesty and these United States on the one part, and His Britannic Majesty on the other, and of terminating the same by a Peace, founded on such solid and equitable principles as reasonably to promise a permanency of the blessings of tranquillity, did heretofore appoint the Honourable John Adams, late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusets, and Chief Justice of the said State, their Minister Plenipotentiary, with Full Powers, general and special, to act in that quality, to confer, treat, agree, and conclude with the Ambassadors or Plenipotentiaries of His Most Christian Majesty, and of His Britannic Majesty, and those of any other Princes or States whom it might concern, relating to the re-establishment of peace and friendship: and whereas the flames of war have since that time been extended, and other Nations and States are involved therein: Now know ye, that we still continuing earnestly desirous, as far as depends upon us, to put a stop to the effusion of blood, and to convince the Powers of Europe, that we wish for nothing more ardently, than to terminate the war by a safe and honourable peace, have thought proper to renew the powers formerly given to the said John Adams, and to join four other persons in commission with him; and having full confidence in the integrity, prudence and ability of the Honourable Benjamin Franklin, our Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Versailles, and the Honourable John Jay, late President of Congress, and Chief Justice of the State of New York, and our Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Madrid; and the Honourable Henry Laurens, formerly President of Congress, and commissionated and sent as our Agent to the United Provinces of the Low Countries; and the Honourable Thomas Jefferson, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia; have nominated, constituted, and appointed, and by these presents do nominate, constitute and appoint the said Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, and Thomas Jefferson, in addition to the said John

Adams, giving and granting to them the said John Adams, Benjamin Frank- Appendix. lin, John Jay, Henry Laurens, and Thomas Jefferson, or the majority of Treaty of them, or of such of them as may assemble; or, in case of the death, absence, 1783. indisposition, or other impediment of the others, to any one of them, full power and authority, general and special, conjunctly and separately, and general and special command, to repair to such place as may be fixed upon for opening negotiations for Peace; and there for us, and in our name, to confer, treat, agree, and conclude with the Ambassadors, Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries of the Princes and States whom it may concern, vested with equal powers, relating to the establishment of Peace; and whatsoever shall be agreed and concluded, for us and in our name, to sign and thereupon make a Treaty or Treaties; and to transact every thing that may be necessary for completing, securing, and strengthening the great work of Pacification, in as ample form, and with the same effect, as if we were personally present, and acted therein; hereby promising in good faith, that we will accept, ratify, fulfil, and execute, whatever shall be agreed, concluded, and signed by our said Ministers Plenipotentiary, or a majority of them, or of such of them as may assemble; or, in case of the death, absence, indisposition, or other impediment of the others, by any one of them; and that we will never act, nor suffer any person to act, contrary to the same, in whole, or in any part. In witness whereof we have caused these presents to be signed by our President, and sealed with his Seal. Done at Philadelphia, the fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-one, and in the fifth year of our Independence, by the United States in Congress assembled.

Attest

(Signed)

(Signed) SAM. HUNTINGTON, President.

CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary.

No. 3.

TREATY of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United Treaty of States of America.-Signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814.

His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, desirous of terminating the War which has unhappily subsisted between the two Countries, and of restoring, upon principles of perfect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and good understanding between them, have for that purpose appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say, His Britannic Majesty on His part has appointed the Right Honourable James Lord Gambier, late Admiral of the White, now Admiral of the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet; Henry Goulburn, Esq. a Member of the Imperial Parliament, and Under Secretary of State; and William Adams, Esq. Doctor of Civil Laws.-And the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, has appointed John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay, Jonathan Russell, and Albert Gallatin, Citizens of the United States; who after a reciprocal communication of their respective Full Powers, have agreed upon the following Articles :

ARTICLE I.

There shall be a firm and universal Peace between His Britannic Majesty and the United States, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people, of every degree, without exception of places or All hostilities both by sea and land shall cease, as soon as this persons. Treaty shall have been ratified by both parties as hereinafter mentioned. All D

Ghent.

Ghent.

Appendix. territory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the Treaty of other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this Treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery, or other public property, originally captured in the said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the Ratifications of this Treaty, or any slaves or other private property. And all archives, records, deeds, and papers, either of a public nature, or belonging to private persons, which in the course of the war may have fallen into the hands of the officers of either party, shall be, as far as may be practicable, forthwith restored, and delivered to the proper authorities and persons to whom they respectively belong.

Such of the Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy as are claimed by both parties, shall remain in the possession of the party in whose occupation they may be at the time of the exchange of the Ratifications of this Treaty, until the decision respecting the title to the said Islands shall have been made, in conformity with the Fourth Article of this Treaty.

No disposition made by this Treaty, as to such possession of the islands and territories claimed by both parties, shall in any manner whatever be construed to affect the right of either.

ARTICLE II.

Immediately after the Ratifications of this Treaty by both parties as hereinafter mentioned, orders shall be sent to the armies, squadrons, officers, subjects, and citizens of the two powers, to cease from all hostilities. And to prevent all causes of complaint, which might arise on account of the prizes which may be taken at sea after the said Ratifications of this Treaty, it is reciprocally agreed, that all vessels and effects which may be taken after the space of twelve days from the said Ratifications upon all parts of the coast of North America, from the latitude of 23 degrees north, to the latitude of 50 degrees north, and as far eastward in the Atlantic Ocean as the 36th degree of west longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, shall be restored on each side; that the time shall be thirty days in all other parts of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equinoctial line or equator, and the same time for the British and Irish Channels, for the Gulf of Mexico, and all parts of the West Indies; forty days for the North Seas, for the Baltic, and for all parts of the Mediterranean; sixty days for the Atlantic Ocean, south of the equator, as far as the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope; ninety days for every other part of the world south of the equator, and one hundred and twenty days for all other parts of the world without exception.

ARTICLE III.

All prisoners of war taken on either side, as well as by land as by sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the Ratifications of this Treaty as hereinafter mentioned, on their paying the debts which they may have contracted during their captivity. The two Contracting Parties respectively engage to discharge, in specie, the advances which may have been made by the other for the sustenance and maintenance of such prisoners.

ARTICLE IV.

Whereas it was stipulated by the 2d Article of the Treaty of Peace of 1783, between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, that the Boundary of the United States should comprehend "all Islands within twenty "leagues of any part of the shores of the United States, and lying between "lines to be drawn due east from the points where the aforesaid Boundaries,

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"between Nova Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the other, shall Appendix. respectively touch the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean, excepting such Treaty of "Islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits of Nova Scotia." Ghent And whereas the several Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, and the Island of Grand Menan, in the said Bay of Fundy, are claimed by the United States, as being comprehended within their aforesaid Boundaries, which said Islands are claimed as belonging to His Britannic Majesty, as having been at the time of, and previous to the aforesaid Treaty of 1783, within the limits of the Province of Nova Scotia; in order, therefore, finally to decide upon these claims, it is agreed that they shall be referred to two Commissioners, to be appointed in the following manner, viz.-One Commissioner shall be appointed by His Britannic Majesty, and one by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof; and the said two Commissioners so appointed, shall be sworn impartially to examine and decide upon the said claims, according to such evidence as shall be laid before them on the part of His Britannic Majesty and of the United States respectively. The said Commissioners shall meet at St. Andrews, in the Province of New Brunswick, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. The said Commissioners shall by a declaration or report under their hands and seals, decide to which of the two Contracting Parties the several Islands aforesaid do respectively belong, in conformity with the true intent of the said Treaty of Peace of 1783; and if the said Commissioners shall agree in their decision, both parties shall consider such decision as final and conclusive.

It is further agreed, that in the event of the two Commissioners differing upon all or any of the matters so referred to them, or in the event of both or either of the said Commissioners refusing or declining, or wilfully omitting to act as such, they shall make jointly or separately, report or reports, as well to the Government of His Britannic Majesty, as to that of the United States, stating in detail the points on which they differ, and the grounds upon which their respective opinions have been formed, or the grounds upon which they, or either of them, have so refused, declined, or omitted to act. And His Britannic Majesty and the Government of the United States hereby agree to refer the report or reports of the said Commissioners to some friendly Sovereign or State, to be then named for that purpose, and who shall be requested to decide on the differences which may be stated in the said report or reports, or upon the report of one Commissioner, together with the grounds upon which the other Commissioner shall have refused, declined, or omitted to act, as the case may be. And if the Commissioner so refusing, declining, or omitting to act, shall also wilfully omit to state the grounds upon which he has so done, in such manner that the said statement may be referred to such friendly Sovereign or State, together with the report of such other Commissioner, then such Sovereign or State shall decide, ex-parte, upon the said report alone, and His Britannic Majesty and the Government of the United States engage to consider the decision of such friendly Sovereign or State, to be final and conclusive on all the matter so referred.

ARTICLE V.

Whereas neither that point of the Highlands lying due north from the source of the River St. Croix, designated in the former Treaty of Peace between the Two Powers as the north-west angle of Nova Scotia, nor the north-westernmost head of Connecticut River have yet been ascertained; and whereas that part of the Boundary Line between the dominions of the Two Powers, which extends from the source of the River St. Croix, directly north to the above-mentioned north-west angle of Nova Scotia, thence along the said Highlands which divide those rivers, that empty themselves into the River of St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean to the north-western

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