of Spanish kings,' three rabbits rampant.' The rabbit is indigenous, and was impressed on ancient coins cuniculosa Hiberia' (Martial). The market of Rome was supplied with them from Cadiz (Strabo, iii. 385). Nay, the name Hispania has been derived from 'sephan,' the rabbit, which the Phoenicians saw there for the first time.

Cities took their arms from miraculous events-e. 9. the cross of Oviedo, and the star which pointed out the grave of San Jago at Compostella, campus stella. Some of these heraldic legends are sufficiently ludicrous-' ex uno disce omnes.' The town of Santo Domingo de Calzada bears argent, a tree, with a sickle, a cross, a cock and hen proper.' These hieroglyphics indicate the miracle on which our own laureate has bestowed a ballad, with copious annotations. The site of the town was formerly a forest, in which the pilgrims passing on their way to San Jago were generally robbed. Santo Domingo (the first inquisitor) reaped away the trees, and built an inn; the Maritornes thereof fell in love with a handsome pilgrim, who resisted the temptation. She, to be revenged, concealed some silver spoons in the wallet of this Joseph, and accused him of theft, for which he was hanged in chains; his parents on their return from Santiago passed under his body, which informed them of his innocence, and that the apostle had preserved his life; an event they immediately communicated to the convicting judge. The alcalde was just sitting down to dine off a couple of roasted fowls, and remarked, you might as well tell me this cock would crow,' whereupon it did crow, and was taken with the hen to the cathedral; two chickens were regularly hatched every year from these respectable parents; their plumes were worn by pilgrims, who considered them to be feathers in their caps. A French traveller, in 1669, describes a white cock and hen kept in a niche near the altar. The first Yarrell or Broderip who goes that way will do well to obtain a chicken for the Zoological Gardens; an interesting cross might be made between them and the right honourable crows§ of San Vicente at Lisbon. Cervantes did not exaggerate when he described the shield of Timonel de Carcajona, gules, a cat or, with the device miau,' in honour of his mistress Miaulina (Don Quix. i. 18); nor Lope de Vega in those of Marromaguiz, the hero of the Gatomaquia, gules,

6

* See the seventh volume of the new and very elegant edition of Southey's poetical works, p. 256, &c.

+ Moya. Rasgo Heroico, p. 283. This writer on the armorial bearings of all the towns in Spain quotes Marincus Siculus, the historiographer of Charles V., to vouch for the truth of the legend.

Journal du Voyage, 1669, p. 19.

§ See Mr. Beckford's Portuguese Travels.

redder

6

above the door a bend issuing from two wolves' heads; on the top of the tower a boar passant; on each side a fox running up: V. a castle with a double watch-tower, and on the top, between two trees, an armed knight extending a banner'-found at Ciudad Rodrigo VI. a curiously-complicated shield copied at Abadia: VII. the arms of the Cid from his tomb, viz. ' a cross, and over it in saltier his two celebrated swords-an orle of chains :'

:

The horse is seldom introduced; an anomaly in a nation of Caballeros, whose Iberian ancestors impressed a mounted lancer with a star or a crescent on their coins, while the Carthaginians at Cadiz used the horse as a figurehead-true inяояотaμо, beneath whose feluccas the waves bounded as a steed which knows its rider. Although we are convinced that the science of coat armour is altogether modern, and not connected with the badges of antiquity -the jus imaginum, the zodaical or mythological signs, reverses

*Strabo, ii. 14.

VII.

of

nedais, &c.—an ingenious herald might trace out probable opes for many existing Spanish bearings, from relics of wisi, Phoenician, and German peculiarities. The Castillians eived he swinish emblem, the animal most abhorred (next to eserves by Jew or Moor. It became a religious test on a

cummary touchstone on a table. That boars, wolves, imais of chase should be blazoned by hunters is, in the age of Sibanus Morgan, a derival of the sphere of gentry nciples of nature. In the early stages of civilisation, „ en prests abound, cultivation is partial and intellectual reare wanting: hunting becomes the ruling passion of La relaxation of a warlike feudal chivalry. The kings of 4. i have always been mighty Nimrods. The Philips (1), header Charieses, existed only to hunt: the occupation sreet from etquette. provides an excitement of body, ..ni. requires no talent, no exertion of intellect, induces sleep 21,pecies, bocà enjoyments palatable to members of royal and It was as much the natural vocation of an Spansa halalgo as of a squire in Leicestershire. Their epi„ta oded revvnio simply that they were of good family and

(Nooieza de Andalucia, i. 130.) Use the ous dave some beralite peculiarities. The Germans, „Ma vagy elka" naverners, as the most correct in marshalling the reply the duciment, and the casque, especially in the ......200 ppm, and aregement of the crest, wings, horns, mon by wired amoun was blazered, things which were Crests are seldom used by the need são avevassa, tegevus, J. Caring, tinctures, metals,

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Cove Near the und of sypporters. The purpose 24 xCowen dut orvus in pedigree, are reMinh d trong re of the orla, the Ah a bones and barrys: the urle was a #kkgM (% 70% grund the g—as James V. 4. Yes mesure border of fleureCAN WRr roval banner.' pava de mul on and castle NEW TWY Kategorie #he windows of Merton my hoang vu de & launce between Edward I. In

In Spain armorial ensigns have been so universally introduced in ecclesiastical and domestic architecture, that they present to the antiquarian ear marks (or rather year marks) by which the exact date of any building, and often of the different parts of the same building, may be ascertained to a nicety. These bearings, badges, devices, and other picturesque embellishments of heraldry, form most appropriate additions to Gothic and cinquecento architecture, although particularly unfitting and inappropriate in Grecian or Roman elevations. They are found carved in the most exquisite and elaborate detail, especially from the period of Ferdinand and Isabella to Philip II. We would cite the façades of Santo Domingo and of the university library at Salamanca, as the most superb specimens of heraldic sculpture in Europe. This custom is not confined to the royal arms alone; it prevails in every class of society entitled to bear them. In Seville they are enamelled in porcelain, and inserted over the portals of houses. The usage has become more prevalent, in order to avoid the vexations of the 'juzgado de mostrenco,' which were put in force by Godoy; all property to which the owner could not prove his legal title was seized by the crown, and onethird given to the informer. The cathedral of Seville alone possessed very lately nearly one thousand houses in that capital; the number of other church and conventual tablets indicated the preponderance of clerical proprietors.

The royal arms of Spain have undergone many changes; we mention a few of them briefly as a means of verification of dates. In the earliest shields the lion and castle are parted per cross, without supporters, as is exemplified on the tomb of Edward I. in Westminster Abbey. On the union of the crowns of Arragon and Castille by Ferdinand and Isabella, the shield was divided by coupe and party; the first and fourth areas were given to Castille and Leon, the second and third to Arragon and Sicily; Navarre and Jerusalem were introduced subsequently. The shield was supported by the eagle of St. John, sable, with one head. This apostle was the patron (the San Juan de los reyes) of the catholic kings (as Ferdinand and Isabella are called by the Spanish historians). To him they dedicated their hospitals, churches, and convents; after him they christened their only son Juan, whose premature death laid the foundation of the decay of Spain, by placing a foreign dynasty on the throne. Each sovereign assumed a separate and strictly personal device. The feminine, gentle Isabella, selected a bundle of arrows, tied together, the emblem of the union of the crowns. The jealous, despotic Ferdinand chose the yoke, la coyunda,' which he imposed on subject and Moor-and to mark his equality with his Castillian

queen