army, entered Berry, and took Chateau Raoul, which the burgesses surrendered to him; and, proceeding thence, nearly the whole of Berry was delivered up to him, with the exception of Luches, and the other castles, demesnes of the king of England. Buchard of Vendôme also surrendered to the king of France, with his lands and castles, and became his adherent. On the king of England making enquiry why this was done, he was told that the king of France was acting thus in revenge for the injuries that Richard, earl of Poitou, had done to himself and the count of Saint Gilles. Having, therefore, held counsel with his trusty advisers, the king of England sent Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, and Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, to the king of France; that they might, at least, by words and exhortations, assuage the anger and indignation which, in his mind, he had conceived against him.

These prelates being unable to succeed in their object, the king of England crossed over from England to Normandy, and landed at Harfleur on the fifth day before the ides of July; and going thence to Alençon, levied a great army in Normandy and the rest of his territories. Many of the Welch also accompanied him to Normandy as mercenaries. In the meantime, Richard, earl of Poitou, having raised a considerable force, marched into Berry; on hearing of whose approach, the king of France gave Chateau Raoul into the charge of William des Barres, and he himself returned into France. On this, earl Richard ravaged the lands of the earls and barons who had given in their adhesion to the king of France, and took many of them prisoners. The king of France, however, in consequence of the arrival of the king of England, did not dare to move out of France, but directed his army to lay waste the territories of the king of England.

On this, Philip, bishop of Beauvais, entered Normandy with an army, and ravaged with fire Blangeville, a town belonging to the earl of Auch, and Aumarle, a castle of William, earl of Mandeville, together with the adjoining provinces. The king of France also burned the town of Trou, and the whole of the fortress there, but could not gain possession thereof; however, he took forty of the knights of the king of England. On the other hand, Richard, earl of Poitou, took an extremely well fortified place, which is called Les Roches, beyond Trou, towards Vendôme, and captured in that place twenty-five knights and sixty yeomen.

On this, Henry, king of England, sent Walter, archbishop of Rouen, John, bishop of Evreux, and William Marshal to the king of France, to demand reparation for the injuries which he and his people had done him; and if he should refuse to restore what he had taken away, he defied him. To this the king of France made answer that he would not desist from his purpose until the whole of Berry, and the whole of the Norman vexin should have been subjected to himself and to his kingdom. Having, therefore, now got an excuse, by reason of the injuries done to him by the king of France, Henry, king of England, levying a large army, entered the lands of the king of France, on the Tuesday after the beheading of Saint John the Baptist, and, burning many villages, rode the same day to the town of Mante, where the king of France was said to be. Here William des Barres and Drago de Merlou, accompanied by a few French knights, met Richard, earl of Poitou, and William, earl of Mandeville, and some others of the household of the king of England; upon which, William des Barres was taken prisoner by earl Richard, and given in charge to his men; but while the people of the king of England were intent on other matters, the said William des Barres made his escape upon his page's horse.

On the Wednesday following, the king of England made a halt at Ivery, on which earl Richard set out for Berry, promising the king his father that he would serve him well and faithfully. On the Thursday after, being the feast of Saint Gilles, the Welch troopers of the king of England entered the territories of the king of France, and burned Daneville, the castle of Simon Daneth, together with many villages, and carried off

considerable booty, after slaying many men. The same day, earl William de Mandeville burned the town of Saint Clair, which belongs to the demesnes of the king of France, and laid waste a very fine shrubbery which the king himself had planted.

On the same day, the king of England, having with a few knights entered the territories of the king of France, that he might ascertain the weak points of those parts, there came to him envoys from the king of France to sue for peace, and offer him the lands which he had taken from him in Berry. Upon this, a conference was held between them at Gisors, where they were unable to come to terms as to making peace; the king of France, aroused to anger and indignation thereat, cut down a very fine elm situate between Gisors

and Trie, where conferences had been usually held between the kings of France and the dukes of Normandy, vowing that thenceforth there should be no more conferences held there. The earl of Flanders, however, and earl Theobald, and other earls and barons of the kingdom of France, laid down their arms, saying that they would never bear arms against Christians until they should have returned from their pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

Upon this, the king of France, being deprived of the aid of his allies, requested an interview with the king of England; which being acceded to, it was accordingly held at Chatillon, on the morrow of the day of Saint Faith, where terms of peace were to have been agreed to between them, as follows; the king of France was to restore to the king of England whatever he had seized in his territories after the truce was broken, and earl Richard was to restore to the count of Saint Gilles whatever he had taken from him by force of arms. The king of France also, prompted by his faithlessness, demanded of the king of England the castle of Pascy in pledge; and, because the king of England refused to assent thereto, they separated mutually dissatisfied; and the king of France, leaving the place, took the castle of Palud; then passing through Chateau Raoul, he led thence a Rout of Brabanters as far as Bourges, promising them ample pay; but on arriving at Bourges they were seized, and the king took from them their horses, arms, and the whole of their money, and turned them adrift unarmed and stripped.

Earl Richard, however, made an offer to the king of France to come to his court and to take his trial as to the matters that had taken place between him and the count of Saint Gilles; that so at least peace might be made between the king of France and the king of England, his father; a thing which greatly displeased the king, his father.

After this conference, Nevolun Fitz Urse de Fretteval swore fealty to the king of England, and faithful service against all men; on which the king of England secured to him by charter the honors of Lavardin and Faye; he also gave to the king of England his son as a hostage, and many of the sons of his relations.

The Letter of Terricius, Master of the Temple, to Henry, king of England.

"To his most dearly beloved lord, Henry, by the grace of God, the illustrious king of the English, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and earl of Anjou, the brother Terricius, formerly Grand Master of the house of the Temple at Jerusalem, health in Him who gives health unto kings. Be it known to you that Jerusalem, with the Tower of David, has been surrendered to Saladin. The Syrians, also, have possession of the Sepulchre until the fourth day after the feast of Saint Michael, and Saladin himself has given permission to ten of the brethren of the Hospital to remain in the Hospital for one year to attend the sick. The brethren of the Hospital of Bellivier are still making a stout resistance to the Saracens, and have already taken two caravans of the Saracens; by the capture of one of which they have manfully recovered all the arms, utensils, and provisions that were in the castle of Faba, which had been destroyed by the Saracens. The following places also still show resistance to Saladin, Cragus of Montreal, Montreal, Saphet of the Temple, Cragus of the Hospital, Margat, Castel Blanco, the territory of Tripolis and the territory of Antioch. On the capture of Jerusalem, Saladin ordered the Cross to be taken down from the Temple of our Lord, and had it carried about the city for two days in public view, and beaten with sticks. After this he ordered the Temple of our Lord to be washed inside and out with rose-water, from top to bottom, and his laws to be promulgated with regard to it in four different places amid wondrous acclamations.84 From the feast of Saint Martin until the Circumcision of our Lord he besieged Tyre, while thirteen stone engines day and night were incessantly hurling stones against it. At the Vigil of Saint Sylvester, our lord the Marquis Conrad arranged his knights and foot-soldiers along the city walls, and, having armed seventeen galleys and ten smaller vessels, with the assistance of the house of the Hospital and of the brethren of the Temple, fought against the galleys of Saladin, and, routing them, took eleven, and captured the high admiral of Alexandria together with eight other admirals, slaying vast numbers of the Saracens. The rest of the galleys of Saladin, escaping from the hands of the Christians, fled to the army of the Saracens; on which, by his com

81 He perhaps alludes to the opinions expressed by Mahomet in the Koran, as to the sanctity of the Temple.

mand being drawn on shore, Saladin with his own hand had them reduced to ashes and embers; and, moved with excessive grief, after cutting off the ears and tail of his horse, rode upon it in the sight of all through the whole army. Farewell." In the same year, John, bishop of Dunkeld, after the Purification of the Virgin Mary, returned from the court of our lord the pope, Hugh, bishop of Saint Andrew's, having been deposed, bringing with him letters from our lord the pope to the following effect :

The Letter of pope Clement to the bishops of Glasgow and

Aberdeen.

"Clement, the bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his venerable brethren Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow, Matthew, bishop of Aberdeen, and to his dearly beloved sons Everard, abbat of Melrose, and Bertram, prior of Coldingham, health and the Apostolic benediction. Lest what has been done might cause scruples by reason of distrust, it is proper that the same should be committed to writing, and be introduced by a public and truthful intimation to the notice of those whom it may seem to interest. Now we bear in mind that popo Urban, of blessed memory, our predecessor, enjoined Hugh, formerly styled bishop of Saint Andrew's, to appear in his presence on a certain day, to make answer in the Apostolic court, respecting the dispute which existed between him and our venerable brother, bishop John, under penalty of excommunication if he should neglect so to do. But, inasmuch as he was conscious of his deeds, and dreaded the result of the investigation, he contumaciously refused to appear; wherefore, for this and for many other things which, according to frequent reports, had created scandal to the Church of God, with the advice and consent of our brethren, we have adjudged him, on the authority of the Apostolic See, to be for ever removed from the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, and suspended from the episcopal office until such time as the Apostolic See shall think fit to determine otherwise respecting him, absolving those subject to him from the fealty which they have been bound to pay to him; and further, inasmuch as the rules of the holy canons forbid that churches should be deprived too long of the pastoral control, we do command your discretion, by these Apostolic writings, diligently on our behalf to advise our dearly-beloved sons, the chapter of Saint Andrew's, to choose for themselves such a bishop and pastor, as may be