also, by his preaching, turned the hearts of many to the release of claims for interest, and to the assumption of the Cross in the expedition to Jerusalem. At London also, and many other places throughout England, he effected by his preaching, that from that time forward people did not dare to hold market of things exposed for sale on the Lord's day..

He also enacted in London and several other places, that in each church that had the means, there should be always a lamp kept burning, or some never-failing light, before the body of our Lord. He also caused, by means of his preaching, that many of the citizens and other discreet men kept daily upon their table an alms-dish, in which to place some part of their food for those poor who have no means of their own. Accordingly, for these and other works of mercy, the enemy of mankind raised against this man of God the ministers of iniquity, who said to him, "It is not lawful for thee to reap another's harvest;" to which he replied, "The harvest truly is great, but the labourers are few." ."'51 However, the said abbat, on being censured by the ministers of Satan, was unwilling any longer to molest the prelates of England by his preaching, but returned to Normandy, unto his place whence he had come.

In the same year, Raymond, earl of Saint Gilles, did homage to John, king of England, for the lands and castles which Richard, king of England, had given him as a marriage portion with his sister Joanna, upon the understanding that when Raymond, his son by his wife Joanna, should come to the years of discretion, he should have all the estates before-mentioned, and should do homage for the same to John, king of England, his uncle; but if he should depart this life without issue, the same were to revert to the earl of Saint Gilles: and he himself, and his heirs after him, were to hold all the same as of hereditary right of the earl of Poitou, by the service of coming with five hundred knights to serve the earl of Poitou as often as the earl of Poitou should go into Gascony with his army, for one month at his own expense, but if he should stay there longer than that period, the earl of Poitou was to provide all necessaries.

After this, John, king of England, came to Anjou, and received from it one hundred and fifty hostages as pledges that it would preserve its fealty to him, whom he placed under ward. In the same year, died John of Oxford, bishop of Norwich, and was succeeded in his bishopric by John de Gray, at the 51 St. Luke x. 2,

presentation of king John; on which, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated him bishop. In the same year, John, king of England, gave to Gilles, son of William de Braose, the bishopric of Hereford, and he was consecrated bishop by Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury. In this year also, John, king of England, received from Walter, archbishop of Rouen, six hundred pounds of money Anjouin, and by his charter confirmed to him the possession of all those places which Richard, king of England, had given him in exchange for Andely, that is to say, the town of Dieppe with its appurtenances, Louviers with its appurtenances, and the forest of Aliermont, together with the mill of Robeck.

In the same year, Geoffrey, archbishop of York, and his adversaries, namely, Simon, the dean, and the other clergy of the church of Saint Peter at York, met at Westminster, in presence of Herbert, bishop of Salisbury, and Alan, abbat of Tewkesbury, judges delegate of our lord the pope; and, after the allegations on both sides had been fully stated, the said judges endeavoured by every method to bring them to a reconciliation, and at length, by the aid of God, succeeded in inducing the said archbishop to receive with the kiss of peace, first, William Testard, archdeacon of Nottingham, then Reginald Arundel, the præcentor, and, last of all, Simon, the dean, of the church of York, on condition that they should give satisfaction to each other respectively as to their disputes in the chapter at York.

In the same year, peace and final reconciliation was made between Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, and the monks of the church of the Holy Trinity at Canterbury, by Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, Eustace, bishop of Ely, and Samson, abbat of of Saint Edmund's, who were appointed judges in that matter by our lord the pope Innocent. But, as the lord bishop of Lincoln was unable to take part in the settlement of the said dispute, he appointed, as his substitute, Roger de Robleston, dean of the church of Lincoln.

Accordingly, an arrangement was made between them to the following effect: that the said archbishop of Canterbury might, if he should think proper, rebuild the chapel of Lambeth in the same place, though not upon the same foundations, on which it had been previously built, and that he should not establish there canons secular, but should be at liberty, if he should think fit, to establish there canons regular of the Præmonstratensian order,

to be in number thirteen at the least, and twenty at the most; and, for their support, the archbishop was to give, if he should think proper, out of the churches in his presentation, one hundred pounds of money yearly at the most; but in the said church he was neither to make the chrism, nor consecrate bishops.

Also, as to the four churches which Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, of blessed memory, had given to the use of the said monks, it was thus arranged: Simon, archdeacon of Wells, was to pay to the aforesaid monks of the Holy Trinity, at Canterbury, ten pieces of gold, yearly, during his life, as being the payment made by the church of Monkton, in Thanet; and, after the decease of the said Simon, a moiety of the tithes of corn and pulse belonging to the said church, was to be applied to the augmentation of the alms of the monks aforesaid; while the remaining moiety belonging to the said church, and the offerings at the altar, were to be at the disposal of the archbishop. The same also was to be done as to the church of Eastry, in consideration of Master Ralph, the possessor thereof, during his life, making to the said monks a yearly payment of six pieces of gold. Robert Belesmains, the former archbishop of Lyons, was to be at liberty to retain possession of the church of Aylesford during his life, and, after his decease, the aforesaid monks of Canterbury were to receive in augmentation of their alms, the third part of the tithes of corn and pulse belonging to the said church, and all the rest belonging to that church was to be at the disposal of the archbishop. The same was to be done as to the church of Meopham, except that Virgilius, the holder thereof, was to pay from the same to the aforesaid monks of Canterbury one piece of gold, by way of annual payment, during his life.

As to the yearly gifts which the monks demanded from their own manors, they were to remain with the archbishop during his life, and, after the death of the said archbishop, his successor was to enjoy the possession thereof, saving always the share of the monks As to the division of the marsh lands belonging to the thbishop and the monks, it was provided that, on the oaths of twelve or more lawful men, it should be ascertained how much ought to belong to the archbishop, and how much to the monks; which very same thing the archbishop had repeatedly offered them. The archbishop also allowed them to hold a court for their own tenants, without making any payment for the said license. All the matters above stated were agreed upon

between them, and duly confirmed, reserving always the authorization thereof by our lord the pope.

In the same year, Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, held a general synod at London; this took place at Westminster, in spite of the prohibition of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, earl of Essex, at this time chief justiciary of England. At this synod, the said archbishop published the decrees under-written, and enacted that the same should be inviolably observed by those subject to him :

The Decrees of Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury.

"Inasmuch as, in the celebration of Divine service, errors are made, not without peril to the body as well as to the soul, we do, with the healthful advice of this synod, enact, that by every priest who officiates, the words of the canon shall be fully and distinctly uttered, and that the time shall not be cut short by too great haste, nor yet prolonged by excessive slowness. For it is proper not to delay too long at the same, because of thoughts that spring up, which, like dead flies, destroy the sweetness of the ointment. In like manner, all the hours," and all the offices, are to be openly and distinctly repeated, so as not to be cut short from excessive haste, nor are the words to be clipped. If this ordinance shall not be observed, those priests who do not observe it, after the third admonition, are to be suspended until such time as they shall have given full satisfaction. This, saving in all things the honor and privileges of the Holy Church of Rome."

The same Priest is not to be allowed to celebrate [the mass] twice in the same day.

"A priest is not to be allowed to celebrate [the mass] twice in the same day, except in case of urgent necessity; and then in cases where the same person shall officiate twice in one day, after the first celebration and the receiving of the blood, nothing more is to be poured into the chalice. Also, after the first celebration, the drops are to be most carefully dried up from out of the chalice, and the fingers are to be sucked or licked with the tongue, and then washed, the rinsings thereof being reserved in a clean vessel, especially appropriated for that purpose, which same rinsings are to be received after the second celebration. This is to be done, unless there be present at the first celebration a deacon, or some other fitting minister, who, in such 54 See vol. i. p. 331.

case, may take the said rinsings.

To this we add, that the

Eucharist is to be kept in a clean and fair pyx, and that the same is to be carried to the sick, in a clean and fair рух, а linen cloth being placed over the same, and a lantern and cross preceding it, unless the sick person shall happen to be at a very great distance. Also, the host itself is to be renewed each Lord's day, and certainty is to be observed relative to the Eucharist, so that what is unconsecrated may not be taken as though it were consecrated. To this we have thought proper to add, that the communion of the Eucharist is not to be given in secret to any person asking for the same; but it is to be given, publicly and immediately, to him who asks for it, unless his offences are of a public nature. This, saving in all things the honor and privileges of the Holy Church of Rome."

Of Baptism or Confirmation, if there are doubts thereon.

"As to baptism or confirmation, if there are doubts thereon, following the enactments of the holy canons, we do enact that the same shall be given, 'because that cannot be said to be repeated which is not known to have been already done.' Therefore, children exposed, about whose baptism there are doubts, are to be baptized, whether found with salt, or whether without salt.55 We do also add, that no person shall be held at confirmation, by his father or mother, step-father or stepmother. Also, it is not to be allowable for deacons to baptize, or to give absolution, except in two cases of necessity; because either the priest cannot, through absence, or will not, through foolishness, and the death of the child or sick person is imminent. And, if in a case of necessity, a child is baptized by a layman, which may be done by the father or mother, irrespective of their being married, let the service that follows the immersion, though not that which precedes it, be performed by a priest. This, saving in all things the honor and privileges of the Holy Church of Rome."

Of Penance.

"Inasmuch, as in penance, which is a 'second plank in shipwreck,' the more necessary reparation is after a lapse, the greater the circumspection that must be employed; we, following the enactments of the holy canons, do command, that in enjoining penance, priests shall diligently attend to the cir

55 See p. 363,