oaths, and to cease to demand from them any further interest. And if any one of their creditors shall compel them to payment of interest, then let him be compelled by you, by means of similar compulsion, all obstacle by appeal removed, to make restitution of the same. Jews also, you princes our sons, we do command to be compelled by you, and by means of the secular power, to forego all interest from such; and until such remission shall have been made, we do, under sentence of excommunication, order every kind of communication with them to be withheld by all the faithful of Christ, either in matters of trade or in any other matters whatsoever. Also, for the purpose of more expeditiously and more perfectly carrying out these commands in your province, we have thought proper to depute you, our sons, the prior of Thurgarton22 and Master Vacarus, to announce the words of the Lord to the others, and, inviting our venerable brethren, your archbishop and his suffragans, and the others, to the fulfilment of this Apostolic mandate, so to promote the cause of the Lord that you may both be partakers of this remission, and that in this your devoutness may more fully shine forth. Also, for the more laudable promotion of the same, you are to associate with yourselves herein one of the brethren of the order of the Temple, as also one of the brethren of the Hospital of Jerusalem, men of character and prudence. Given at Saint Peter's, at Rome, on the ides of August, in the first year of our pontificate."

In the same year, there was in France a certain priest, named Fulk, whom the Lord magnified in the sight of kings, and gave him power to make the blind to see, to cure the lame, and dumb, and others afflicted with divers maladies, and to drive out devils. Even harlots, escaping from the bonds of unchasteness, he converted unto the Lord, and led usurers, by inviting them to that heavenly treasure, which neither rust nor moth corrupteth, nor thieves steal, to distribute for the use of the poor all that substance which their usury and exactions had devoured.

He also foretold to the kings of France and England, that one of them would die an unfortunate death before long, unless they speedily desisted from their hostilities. And, because at this time the harvest was plentiful, and the workmen few, the Lord joined unto him wise men, to preach the words of salvavation, Master Peter and Lord Robert, and Eustace, the lord abbat of Flaye, besides some others, who, being sent throughout 22 A house of canons regular in Nottinghamshire.

the earth, preached in every part, the Lord assisting them and confirming their words by signs attending them.

One day the before-named Fulk came to Richard, king of England, and said to him, "I warn thee, O king, on behalf of Almighty God, to marry as soon as possible the three most shameless daughters whom thou hast, lest something worse befall thee. Oh, place thy finger on thy lips, for he will prove an accuser who has told the truth. No man is born without faults; blessed is he who is burdened with the fewest; and elsewhere are we informed that there is no man living free from fault." To this the king is said to have made answer: Hypocrite, to thy face thou hast lied, inasmuch as I have no daughter whatever;" on which Fulk replied and said, "Beyond a doubt, I do not lie, because, as I said, thou hast three most shameless daughters, of whom one is pride, the second avarice, and the third sensuality."

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Accordingly, having called around him many earls and barons who were present, the king said: "Listen, all of you, to the warning of this hypocrite, who says that I have three most shameless daughters, namely, pride, avarice, and sensuality, and recommends me to get them married: I therefore give my pride to the Knights Templars, my avarice to the monks of the Cistercian order, and my sensuality to the prelates of the churches." Oh great disgrace, to create a laugh at the expense of the wretched!

After this, Fulk, leaving the king, departed, preaching the word of God from city to city; and when, so preaching the word of God, he had entered the city of Lisieux, the clergy of that city, whose unclean lips this man, filled with the Holy Ghost and good works, had reproved, laid hands on him, and, binding him with chains, threw him into prison. But neither chains nor prisons could restrain him, and so, being permitted to depart, he came to Caen, preaching the word of God, and did many miracles in the sight of the people. The keepers, however, of the castle, thinking that it would please the king, laid hands on him, and, placing him in fetters, threw him into prison; but bursting forth from the prison and the fetters, he came forth unharmed, and went his way rejoicing that he had been deemed worthy to suffer reproach for the name of Christ, and, going from the castle, he shook the dust from off his feet as a testimony against them.

In the same year, on the fifth day before the ides of

October, being the Lord's day, at the entreaty of the officers of Geoffrey, archbishop of York, Philip, bishop of Durham, at Hoveden, consecrated Adam, abbat of Sallaie, and Hamo, abbat of Beiland, profession of canonical obedience being made to the church of York and its vicars, saving always the dignity of their order. In the same month, William, surnamed Coke, à servant of Richard, king of England, while keeping charge of the castle of Leuns, took of the household of the king of France, twenty-four men at arms, horsemen, and forty men at arms, foot, whom the king of France had sent for the purpose of guarding the castle of Newmarche.

In the same year died Richard, bishop of London, John, bishop of Worcester, William de Ver, bishop of Hereford, the bishop of Saint David's, and Amfrid of Tours, the first husband of the before-mentioned Milicent, wife of Guido, the former king of Jerusalem.

In the same year died at Palermo, in Sicily, Constance, the former empress of the Romans, wife of the emperor Henry; whose son pope Innocent received into his charge, together with the kingdom of Sicily, the dukedom of Apulia, and the principality of Capua.

In the same year, Philip, bishop of Beauvais, offered to Richard, king of England, a thousand marks of silver for his ransom. In this year also, Richard, king of England, founded a castle on an island at the mouth of the Seine, which he called Buttevant,23 and the king of France fortified a castle opposite to it, which he called Bulecut. In the same year, Richard, king of England, gave to master Malgar, his clerk, the bishopric of Worcester.

Upon the decease of pope Celestinus, pope Innocent the Third being appointed in his place, he again suspended Alphonso, king of Saint Jago, and the whole of his territory from the celebration of Divine service, on account of his wife, the daughter of the king of Castille, for they were cousins in the third degree; and although the king of Saint Jago offered to our lord the pope Innocent and the cardinals twenty thousand marks of silver, and to keep and pay two hundred knights during the space of one year for the defence of the Christians against the Pagans, only on condition that our lord the pope should allow them to remain together, until God should give them issue, or at least for three years, our lord 23 It was also called Château Galliard.

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the pope Innocent utterly refused to sanction their doing the

same.

In the year of grace 1199, being the tenth and last year of the reign of Richard, king of England, the said Richard was at Damfront, in Normandy, on the day of the Nativity of our Lord, which took place on the sixth day of the week, and Philip, king of France, was on the same day at Vernon, in Normandy. Otho, king of the Germans, and nephew of Richard, king of England, was on the same day at Westphalia, in Almaine, which is distant nine days' journey from Cologne, and which places Otho, by his prowess and valour, had gained against Philip, duke of Suabia, son of Frederic, the former emperor of the Romans.

Immediately after the Nativity of our Lord, the said Otho divided his army into two parts, and laid siege to two cities of the before-named Philip. The kings of France and England, however, met for a conference between Andely and Vernon, on the feast of Saint Hilary; on which occasion the king of England came thither in a boat up the river Seine, and not wishing to land, spoke from the boat with the king of France, who, sitting on horseback on the banks of the river, conversed with the king of England face to face; and there they appointed another day for holding the conference, when, in presence of a greater number of their followers, through the mediation of the lord cardinal deacon Peter of Capua, titular of Saint Mary in Viâ Latâ, legate of the Apostolic See, and in accordance with the advice of other influential persons on either side, they agreed upon a truce to be observed between them, from the said feast of Saint Hilary, to last for the period of five years, with good faith and without evil intent, their property and tenements remaining on both sides in the same state in which they then were; and after these arrangements had been made and confirmed by oath, each returned to his own country; and they allowed their armies, after returning them their thanks, to return to their homes.

While, however, Marchadès, with his Routiers, was returning towards his own country, four counts of the kingdom of France, through whose lands Marchadès had to pass, met him with a hostile force, and worsted him, and slew many of his men. But the king of France disowned this deed, and swore that it had not been done through him. After this, while the king of England, in expectation of enjoying peace and in observance of the aforesaid treaty, had gone towards Poitou, the

king of France erected a new castle between Buttevant and Guaillon, and rooted up a forest belonging to the king of England, in the neighbourhood of the said place.

On the king of England hearing of this, he returned into Normandy, and sent word to the king of France, by Eustace, bishop of Ely, his chancellor, that the truce was broken, unless he should cause the said new castle to be levelled. The legate accordingly advised the king of France to demolish the said castle, in order that a truce so solemnly confirmed might not, for such a reason, be broken; and, at his solicitation, the king of France promised that he would shortly level the said castle. But Richard, king of England, being far from contented with this, desired that either a full understanding should be come to between them, or else that no peace should be made between them.

Accordingly, a treaty was made between them, to the following effect that the king of France should restore to the king of England, the whole of the territories which he had taken from him, whether in war, or whether in any other way, with the sole exception of the castle of Gisors; in return for which, the king of France, granted to Richard, king of England, the presentation to the archbishopric of Tours. It was also arranged, that Louis, the son of the king of France, should marry the daughter of the king of Castille, the niece of Richard, king of England, and that the king of France should make oath, that he would, to the utmost of his ability, aid Otho, the nephew of the king of England, in gaining the Roman empire. In return for this, Richard, king of England, was to give to Louis, son of the king of France, the castle of Gisors, with his said niece in marriage, and was also to give him twenty thousand marks of silver. However, all these things had to be delayed till such time as Richard, king of England, should return from Poitou.

Philip, king of France, however, that sower of discord, sent word to the king of England, that John, earl of Mortaigne, his brother, had entirely placed himself in his hands, and that he would show him the document signed by John himself to that effect. A thing much to be wondered at! the king of England believed the king of France, and held his brother John in hatred, so much so, that he caused him to be disseised of his lands on both sides of the sea. When, however, the said John enquired what was the cause of this