In the same year, Richard, king of England, while he was still in the custody of the Roman emperor, gave to Hubert Fitz-Walter, archbishop of Salisbury, the archbishopric of Canterbury, to Savaric, archdeacon of Northampton, the bishopric of Bath, and to Henry Marshal, dean of York, the bishopric of Exeter; also, to Master Philip of Poitiers, his clerk, the king gave the archdeaconry of Canterbury, to Henry, abbat of Glastonbury, he gave the bishopric of Worcester, and to the said Savarie, bishop of Bath, he gave the abbey of Glastonbury. Accordingly, on Henry Marshal, the dean of York, being elected to the bishopric of Exeter, Geoffrey, archbishop of York, who was at this time staying at Ripon, gave to his brother Peter the deanery of York, in presence of Hamo, the præcentor, Simon of Apulia, and a considerable number of his other clerks. But because the said Peter was at this time at Paris, and Richard, king of England, most urgently demanded that the archbishop would give the deanery to John, prior of Douay, brother of the Advocate of Bethune, the said archbishop, by the advice of his people, gave the deanery to Simon of Apulia, his clerk, and by this method evaded the king's request.

But, some time after, the archbishop wanted to undo what he had done; and told the said Simon that he had only given the deanery into his charge to be kept in behalf of his brother Peter; on which the canons of the church of York, with one consent, elected the said Simon as their dean, though contrary to the wishes of the archbishop. In consequence of this, the said archbishop, in order that he might please the king, gave to the aforesaid master Philip,' clerk to the king, and one of his household, the said deanery; on which a dissension broke out between the archbishop of York and his canons; of which the following was the cause and origin.

At the time when Richard, king of England, on his return from the land of Jerusalem, had been made prisoner and detained in Germany, and an agreement had been entered into between him and the emperor, as to obtaining his release by ransom, the king had, by his letters, especially entrusted to the archbishop of York the charge of his territories and the liberation of his person. On receiving this command, being moved with sorrow for his brother's captivity, he called upon those canons with whom he was most familiarly acquainted,

1 Philip of Poitiers, archdeacon of Canterbury, before mentioned.

and whom he had enriched and exalted, and advised and entreated them to give the fourth part of their revenues towards the liberation of the said king, as had been already done in other parts of the kingdom. To this they objected, and, getting the other canons to join their party, asserted that, in this case and other similar ones, he was wishful to subvert the liberties of their church; and accordingly withdrew from his acquaintanceship, and all converse and communication with him.

At this time, as already-mentioned, the deanery of the church of York was vacant, the presentation to which the archbishop asserted to belong to himself, while the chapter declared that the election lay in their hands. Consequently, an appeal was made on behalf of the archbishop to the Apostolic See; but for all this, the chapter proceeded to the election of master Simon of Apulia as dean; after which, the said Simon crossed over to the king, who, as previously mentioned, was at this time in Germany. Messengers were also sent by the archbishop to the Apostolic See for the purpose of urging the appeal, but so as to pass through Germany and see the king on their road. On their coming before the king and paying their respects to him, and declaring the causes of their journey, the king forbade either side going for this reason to the Roman Court, and forbade the person who should attempt to do so, without his consent, to enter his kingdom, declaring that he would, without delay, effect a reconciliation between them.

Accordingly, one of the messengers of the archbishop returned to him with letters from the king, signifying that he was, with all haste, to come to him, as, indeed, he had purposed, but was hindered by circumstances of an emergent nature. For, in the meantime, the canons of York had suspended the great church from the usual celebration of Divine service, and the bells from being rung as usual; on account of which the whole city was in commotion. They also stripped the altars, and placed a lock on the archbishop's stall in the choir; they also locked up the door by which he entered the church when coming from his palace and chapel thither, and did many other things for the purpose of insulting him.

Consequently, when he was just ready to embark, he returned to his church from the coast, and sent before some of his clerks to warn and command the servants of the church, to observe the ancient forms, and to perform the service therein; but, setting at nought his warning and commands, they left the church

empty, and deprived of the celebration of Divine service therein.

In the same year, pope Clement sent the pall to Hubert Fitz-Walter, the archbishop elect of Canterbury. In the same year, Philip, king of France, married Botilda, daughter of Waldemar, the former king of Denmark, and sister of Canute, the then reigning king of Denmark, at Amiens, on a Saturday, in the month of September; and on the following day had her crowned and consecrated queen of France before the envoys of the king of Denmark who had escorted her to him, with the intention that the said king of Denmark might be induced to invade England with a naval armament. But, on the morrow after the first night on which the said king of France had known his said wife, after having consummated the marriage, he wished to send her away. However, when he wanted to place her in the hands of the envoys of her brother, they de clined to receive her, but departed in all haste and returned to their own country, while she remained in the hands of the king of France, her husband; and, shortly after, a divorce was effected between them by William, archbishop of Rheims, and, upon the oaths of Reginald, bishop of Chartres, Philip, bishop of Beauvais, Robert, count de Drues, the count de Nevers, Walter, the chamberlain of the king of France, and many other persons, who swore that the said daughter of the king of Denmark was cousin of the earl of Hainault, whose daughter the said king of France had previously married. But the reason for the king of France acting thus, was, that he might marry the daughter of the count Palatine of the Rhine, in Germany, the uncle of the before-named emperor of the Romans. However, when she was offered by her father and her other relations to the king of France, she refused to have him; and, by the advice of her mother, she married Henry, duke of Saxony, nephew of Richard, king of England.

In the meantime, Walter, archbishop of Rouen, and the other justiciaries of England, received for the king's ransom, from every knight's fee, twenty shillings, and the fourth part of all the incomes of the laity, and all the chalices of the churches, besides the other treasures of the church. Some of the bishops, also, took from the clergy the fourth part of their revenues, while others took a tenth, for the ransom of the said king. The same was done throughout all the king's ter * Roger of Wendover calls her "Ingelburg."

ritories beyond sea, and in this way they amassed an endless amount of money. After this, the emperor's messengers came to London, and there received the greater part of the king's ransom by weight and measure, and delivered the same, under the attestation of their seals, to persons who were to take it to the borders of the empire, at the risk of the king of England. The said emperor also gave to the king of England the lands under-written: Provence, Vienne, the Viennais, Marseilles, Narbonne, Arles-le-Blanc, and Laon-sur-Rhone, as far as the Alps, and whatever the emperor possessed in Burgundy, as also the homage of the king of Arragon, the homage of the count of Diziers, and the homage of the count of Saint Gilles. It deserves to be known that in these territories there are five archbishoprics and thirty-three bishoprics. It ought also to be known that the emperor was never able to establish his dominion over the said territories and subjects, nor would they, upon the nomination of the emperor, accept of any superior lord.

The king of England immediately sent to England for queen Eleanor, his mother, and for Walter, archbishop of Rouen, and many other persons, to come to him in Germany, and appointed Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, chief justiciary in England. In the meantime, Henry, emperor of the Romans, by the advice of the principal men of his empire, named as the day for the liberation of Richard, king of England, the second day of the week ensuing after the expiration of three weeks from the day of the Nativity of our Lord; on which the king of England wrote to Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, to the following effect:

The Letter of Richard, king of England, to Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, on his liberation.

"Richard, by the grace of God, king of England, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and earl of Anjou, to the venerable father in Christ, and his most dearly-beloved friend, Hubert, by the same grace, archbishop of Canterbury, health and the fullness of his sincere affection. Inasmuch as we feel certain that you greatly long for our liberation, and that our liberation will very greatly delight you, we do therefore desire that you should be partakers of our joy. For this reason it is that we have thought proper to make known to your affection. that his lord3 The next Monday three weeks.

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ship the emperor has appointed a certain day for our liberation, namely, the Monday next ensuing after the twentieth day from the day of the Nativity of our Lord; and on the Lord's day then next ensuing, we shall be crowned king of the kingdom of Provence, which he has given unto us. Wherefore, we do send into England to you the letters patent of our lord the emperor relative hereto, as also to the rest of our friends and well-wishers; and do you in the meantime, to the best of your power, endeavour to console those whom you know to love us, and whom you know to long for our release. Witness myself at Spires, this twenty-second day of September."

The Letter of the emperor Henry to the nobles of England, on the liberation of Richard, king of England.

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Henry, by the grace of God, emperor of the Romans, and ever august, to his dearly-beloved friends, the archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, knights, and all the faithful subjects of Richard, the illustrious king of England, his favour and every blessing. We have thought proper to intimate to all and every of you, that we have appointed a certain day for the liberation of our dearly-beloved friend, your lord, Richard, the illustrious king of the English, being the second day of the week next ensuing after the expiration of three weeks from the day of the Nativity of our Lord, at Spires, or else at Worms; and we have appointed seven days after that as the day of his coronation as king of Provence, which we have promised to him; and this you are to consider as certain and undoubted. For it is our purpose and our will to exalt and most highly to honor your aforesaid lord, as being our especial friend. Given at Thealluse, on the vigil of Saint Thomas the Apostle.”

But before this treaty was confirmed between the emperor and the king, the king sent William, bishop of Ely, his chancellor, and other envoys, into France, to earl John, his brother, and prevailed upon him to return to Normandy, and to swear fealty and peace to the king, his brother, against all men. The king also gave orders that all the castles of the honors which he had given to him, on either side of the sea, should be delivered up to him; but their keepers, notwithstanding the king's writ, refused to deliver up to him any of the said castles. The earl, being enraged at this, returned to the king of France, and became his adherent; on which the king of France delivered