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our Lord, in the fear of the Lord, he breathed forth his spirit.

When news was brought of his death to our lord the king, his father, bursting into tears, he threw himself upon the ground, and greatly bewailed his son. O how dreadful a thing it is for sons to persecute a father! for it is not the sword of the man who fights, not the hand of the foeman that avenges the injury of the father; but it is fever that deals its retribution, flux of the bowels, with ulceration of the intestines, that exercises vengeance. The son laid prostrate, all return to the father. All are overjoyed, all rejoice, the father alone bewails his son. Why, glorious father, dost thou bewail him? He was no son of thine, who could commit such violence upon thy fatherly affection. This defence of thee has wrought security for fathers, and has checked the audacity of parricides. For it was his due to perish by a severe retribution, who wished to introduce parricide into the world; because the Judge of all minds, in the same way that Hc avenges the tribulations of the righteous, so does he sometimes punish the persecutions of the wicked.

The king's servants, after having extracted the brain and the entrails, and buried them at Martel, sprinkled the body of the dead king with large quantities of salt, and then wrapped it in bulls' hides and lead, that they might take it to Rouen for burial there, and accordingly set out on their way with the royal body; but when they had come to the city of Le Mans, and had passed the night in the church of Saint Julian the Confessor and Pontiff, singing hymns and psalms in its vicinity, and wished in the morning to depart thence with the body, the bishop of the city and the clergy, together with the common people, would not allow them to carry it away, but buried it in an honorable manner in the church of Saint Julian.

On this being told to the people of Rouen, they were indignant thereat, and resolutely demanded his body, swearing that they would take it by force, unless it was instantly given up to them; upon which the king, the father, ordered that the body should be given up to the people of Rouen, as the king, his son, had, while living, commanded; which was accordingly done; and they dug up the king's body from the spot

where it had been buried, and, carrying it to Rouen, buried it in the church there of Saint Mary.

The king, the father, after the death of the king, his son, every day made more violent assaults upon the castle of Limoges, to which he had laid siege, and at length both the castle and the city of Limoges were surrendered to him, besides all the castles of his enemies in that neighbourhood; some of which he retained in his own hands, and some he levelled with the ground, not leaving one stone upon another. After the death of the king, the son, Philip, king of the Franks, demanded of our lord the king of England, the dowry which his son, the king, had given to his sister, and the whole of the land of the Vexin, together with the castles and fortresses which Louis, king of France, his father, had given them on their marriage. Whereupon, a conference being held between them, between Gisors and Trie, an arrangement was made in the following manner:-That Margaret, the sister of the king of France, who had been the wife of the king, the son, should receive, for quitting claim of all the above demands, one thousand seven hundred and fifty pounds of money Anjouin, each year at Paris from our lord the king of England and his heirs, so long as she should live.

In the same year our lord the king gave the bishopric of Lincoln to Walter de Coutances, his clerk, whom Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated at Anjou, and sent to England to his see, which had now been vacant for a period of eighteen years, namely, from the time of Robert de Chennay, bishop of Lincoln, until now. Geoffrey, earl of Brittany, the king's son, now returned to his father and made peace with him and with his brother, Richard, earl of Poitou.

In the same year, John and Hugh, the bishops, of whom we have previously made mention, came to Velletri to have an audience of Pope Lucius, and each of them stated, in presence of our lord the pope and of all his cardinals, the claims that he asserted upon the bishopric of Saint Andrew's. After hearing them, our lord, the pope, by the common advice of his brethren, took the bishopric from them both, and they freely and absolutely resigned the said bishopric of Saint Andrew's into the hands of the Supreme Pontiff, and then withdrew from the court, awaiting the mercy of the Supreme Pontiff; and a few days after, by the advice of all his cardinals,

the Supreme Pontiff gave to bishop Hugh the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, and confirmed him in possession thereof; and granted to bishop John the bishopric of Dunkeld, together with all the things before mentioned that had been offered him on part of the king of Scotland, and confirmed him therein. On this, Hugh returned home and received the bishopric of Saint Andrew's. Bishop John also received the bishopric of Dunkeld; but as the king of Scotland declined to restore to him what he had taken away, he again put forward his claims against bishop Hugh as to the bishopric of Saint Andrew's, as stated in the sequel.

In the same year, our lord the king commanded Richard, his son and heir, to receive the homage of his brother John for Poitou, but he declined receiving it. In the same year a grievous dissension arose between the Romans and pope Lucius, relative to certain customs which his predecessors had been in the habit of following, but which the pope above-named swore he would never comply with. At this the Romans were indignant, and were frequently guilty of ravages and incendiarism in the territories of our lord the pope; on which, the pope flying from place to place, took refuge in his castles and fortified cities. To defend him there came Christian, archbishop of Mentz, chancellor of the lord Frederick, emperor of the Romans, having levied a large army for that purpose. The Romans, being unable to oppose him, returned to Rome, on which the before-named chancellor, pursuing them, laid waste every thing that belonged to the Romans, and followed them even to the very gates of the city of Rome, setting fire to all the suburbs thereof.

On this, the Romans, seeing that they were devoted to ruin, devised how they might slay the before-named chancellor by stratagem; and, as all other modes were wanting to them, they determined to take him off by means of poison, and did so. For when the said chancellor and his army were at a distance of nearly ten miles from the city, the Romans sent envoys, clad in the garb of poor men, to learn the state of the court, who, after learning all particulars relating thereto, discovered, among other matters, one thing which they made choice of in order to effect his destruction. For there was near that spot a spring of water exceedingly limpid, the water of which, mixed with wine, the chancellor and his army were in the habit of drinking. Accordingly, these wicked traitors went to the spring,

and drugged it thoroughly with poison, so that the water flowing therefrom was corrupted. Consequently, on the chancellor drinking thereof, he died by a speedy death. There also died after him more than a thousand men who had drank of the said spring. When the death of the chancellor became publicly known, his army was dispersed and put to flight, on which the Romans rose in rebellion with still greater acrimony against our lord the pope.

In the same year, Philip, earl of Flanders, married the sister of Sancho, king of Portugal. In this year, also, our lord the king of England gave the archbishopric of Rouen to Walter de Coutances, bishop of Lincoln, and Lucius, our lord the pope, sent him the pall. The said pope, not being able successfully to oppose the Romans, sent his ambassadors to the kings and chief men of the various countries, both secular and ecclesiastical, to gain assistance in the defence of Saint Peter against the Romans: upon which his envoys came to Henry, king of England, to ask him, and the clergy of England, to afford him assistance. Accordingly, the king consulted his bishops and the clergy of England, as to the prayer of the Supreme Pontiff; on which the bishops and clergy advised him, according to his own inclination and honor, to give assistance to our lord the pope, both on his own behalf as well as on theirs; inasmuch as it would be more endurable to them, and would please them better, that their lord the king should, if he so pleased, receive from them a recompense for such assistance, than if he should allow the nuncios of our lord the pope to come to England to receive assistance from themselves; as, if any other step than the one named were taken, it might possibly be turned into a precedent, to the detriment of the kingdom. The king acquiesced in their advice, and gave considerable assistance to the pope, in gold and silver.

Accordingly, by means of this money, and other sums of money lent to him by other princes from all quarters, our lord the pope made peace with the Romans, which was necessary

for him and the Church of Rome.

In the same year, died Rotrod, archbishop of Rouen, and was succeeded by 27 Walter, bishop of Lincoln. In this year also died Richard Pecche, bishop of Chester, who was suc

27 This has been mentioned already.

ceeded by Gerard Lapucelle.28 In the same year, Gilbert, surnamed Assaili, grand master of the house of the Hospital at Jerusalem, came into Normandy to king Henry, and was honorably entertained by him. Having obtained the king's permission to cross over to England, he came to Dieppe, and, before the feast of Saint Michael, embarked on board of a ship which had been lying for nearly a year upon the sands of the sea-shore, shattered and dried up, and had lately been a little repaired and refitted, and launched again, together with many other persons, clergy as well as laity, who had become tired with waiting: but shortly after, when the vessel had got out of harbour into the open sea, the seams opening, it went down into the deep, just like a stone; on which Gilbert, and all the rest who were on board of it, with the exception of eight only, who escaped by means of a boat, were drowned, on the thirteenth day before the calends of October. In the same year, Henry, king of England, a conference being held on the day of Saint Nicholas, between him and Philip, king of France, between Gisors and Trie, did homage to Philip, king of France, for all his lands beyond sea, whereas before this he had never been willing to do homage to him.

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In the year of grace 1184, being the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, the said king was at Le Mans on the day of the Nativity of our Lord, which took place on the Lord's day. In the same year, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, departed this life on the fourteenth day before the calends of March; to whom, before he was taken ill, the Lord appeared in a vision, saying, "Thou hast wasted the property of my church, and I will root thee from out of the earth. Being greatly terrified at this vision, he immediately fell ill, and died on the eighth day after. In the same year, the king of England, having made peace between Philip, king of France, and Philip, earl of Flanders, with reference to the disputes that existed between them concerning the land of Vermandois, passed through the middle of Flanders, and crossed over from Witsand to Dover, in England, where he landed on the fourth day before the ides of June; his daughter, the duchess of Saxony, crossing over with him.

28 Roger of Wendover says, that he died within ten weeks of his con

secration.

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