firmed. We have also restored to him all allegiances of his subjects and all charters which the king our father obtained of him by reason of his capture. And if any other charters shall chance, through forgetfulness, to have been retained by us or shall hereafter be found, we do hereby order that the same shall be utterly void and of no effect. He has also become our liegeman as to all the lands for which his predecessors were liegemen to our predecessors, and has sworn fealty to ourselves and to our heirs. The following being witnesses hereto: Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, Walter, archbishop of Rouen, Hugh, bishop of Durham, John, bishop of Norwich, Hubert, bishop of Salisbury, Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, Godfrey, bishop of Winchester, Gilbert, bishop of Rochester, Reginald, bishop of Bath, Hugh, bishop of Coventry, William, bishop of Worcester, Eleanor, the king's mother, John,earl of Mortaigne, the king's brother, and many others."

On the same day, there came thither, namely, to Canterbury, Hugh, bishop of Durham, and Hubert, bishop of Salisbury, to appeal to the presence of our lord the pope, against Geoffrey, the archbishop elect of York, before the said cardinal and the above-named archbishops and bishops, wishing to prove that his election ought not to hold good, because they themselves to whom the first votes in the election belonged were not present at his said election. Bucard also, the treasurer of the church of York, and Henry, the dean of the said church, appealed against the said archbishop elect of York to the presence of our lord the pope, affirming that he was not canonically elected, and was a murderer, born in adultery, and the son of a harlot. But although all these allegations were made against him, the before-named cardinal John of Anagni, the legate of the Apostolic See, confirmed his election.

After this, Richard, king of England, gave to his brother John, earl of Mortaigne, by way of augmentation, the earldoms of Cornwall, Devon, 39 Dorset, and Somerset. The king of England also gave to his mother, queen Eleanor, the whole of the dower which queen Matilda, the wife of king Henry the Elder," had enjoyed, the whole of the dower which Alice, the wife of king Stephen, enjoyed, and the whole of the dower which Henry, king of England, son of the empress Matilda, had given to her.

39 These have been previously mentioned as given to him, except that of the county of Devon. See p. 115 of this Volume. 40 Henry the First.

King Richard departed from the city of Canterbury, on the fifth day of December, for Dover, in order to cross over; for there many ships had assembled by his command from different parts of England. On the day after his arrival at Dover, Roger, the abbat elect of Saint German's, at Selby, received his benediction at Dover, on Saint Nicholas' day, from Hugh, bishop of Durham, by the king's command, notwithstanding the prohi bition of Geoffrey, archbishop elect of York.

On this, Geoffrey, the archbishop elect of York, becoming sensible that without the intervention of money he would in nowise be able to gain his brother's favour, promised him three thousand pounds sterling, for the purpose of so ingratiating himself; on which, the king restored to him the archbishopric of York, and confirmed the same to him by his charter, and restored to him all the lay fees which king Henry, his father, had given him, on either side of the sea; namely, in England, the vill of Wycombe, with its appurtenances, the county of Giffard, in Normandy, and in Anjou, the honor of Blauge, with its appurtenances. The said king also released to God and Saint Peter of York, and to the said Geoffrey, archbishop elect of York, and to all that were able to succeed him in the archbishopric of York, all his lands and those of his canons in York and Nottingham for ever, both from forestal regard,"1 and all other demands and impositions of forest and foresters, and gave them free power, and by his charter confirmed the same, to take venison throughout all their prebends in Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire.

In addition to this, Hugh, bishop of Durham, Hubert, bishop of Salisbury, Henry, dean of the church of York, and Bucard, treasurer of the same church, by the king's command, withdrew the appeals which they had made against the said archbishop elect of York; and the said archbishop elect, at the king's request, confirmed to the said Henry, the deanery of York, and to Bucard, the treasurership; and to Hugh, bishop of Durham, he confirmed all the privileges and covenants which had been made between the said bishop and Roger, archbishop of York, and promised, by the seal of his consecration, that he would confirm the same.

After these matters were arranged, Richard, king of Eng

41 A fee to the court of regard, which was holden for each forest every three years, for the purpose of expeditation, or cutting off three claws of the fore-feet of dogs, to prevent them from killing the deer.

land, on the eleventh day of December, being the second day of the week, crossed over from Dover to Calais, in Flanders, whither Philip, earl of Flanders, came to meet him, and, receiving him with congratulations, escorted him with a safe conduct to Normandy. There also crossed over with the king, the cardinal John of Anagni, Walter, archbishop of Rouen, Henry, bishop of Bayeux, and John, bishop of Evreux. Hugh, bishop of Durham, and William, bishop of Ely, remained in England as chief justiciaries; with whom, before his departure, the king had associated Hugh Bardolph, William Marshal, Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, and William Bruyere. The king also delivered to William, bishop of Ely, his chancellor, one of his seals, by virtue of which he ordered his commands to be carried out in his kingdom; he also gave into his charge the Tower of London. He also gave into the charge of Hugh, bishop of Durham, the castle of Windsor, with the forests and the earldom of the county.

Immediately after the king had passed over, a dispute arose between the before-named bishops of Durham and Ely, which of them was to occupy the highest place; for the thing that pleased the one, displeased the other. So true it is that " All authority is impatient of a partner;" and, not to go further for an illustration, "The first walls were steeped in a brother's blood."

9942

In the month of November, in the same year, without issue, died William, king of Sicily, the dukedom of Apulia, and the principality of Capua, at Palermo, in Sicily. This William, king of Sicily, a long time before his death, had given Constance, the daughter of Roger, the former king of Sicily, his aunt, in marriage to Henry, king of Germany, and afterwards emperor of the Romans, and had made her his heir to succeed him on the throne of Sicily, if he should die without issue; and this he caused to be confirmed by the oaths of the principal men of the kingdom. However, on the death of king William, Tancred, count de la Liche, his cousin, usurped the kingdom of Sicily, contrary to the oath of fealty which he had taken to the before-named Constance. On this, Henry, emperor of the Romans, sent a large army into Apulia, under the command of the archbishop of Mentz and Henry Teste; who, after burning many cities, and overthrowing many towns,

42"Fraterno primi maduerunt sanguine muri ;" alluding to the death of Remus at the hands of his brother Romulus, or of Celer, his lieutenant, on the walls of infant Rome.

returned home without effecting their purpose. On their withdrawal, Richard, count de Cirne, brother of the queen of Sicily, the wife of king Tancred, made war upon count Roger de Andria, on the ground that he had given aid to the king of Germany against king Tancred, and took him prisoner, and delivered him to king Tancred. Moreover, Joanna, the sister of Richard, king of England, who had been the wife of William, king of Sicily, lately deceased, remained in the custody of king Tancred.

In the year of grace 1190, king Richard was at Burun, in Normandy, on the day of the Nativity of our Lord, which took place on the second day of the week, and kept that festival there with the chief men of the territory; for this Nativity of our Lord was the first since the coronation of the said king. After the Nativity, the said Richard, king of England, and Philip, king of France, held a conference at Vè Saint Remy, where they agreed to a lasting peace between them and their respective kingdoms, and, committing the treaty to writing, ratified it by their oaths and seals, on the feast of Saint Hilary. The archbishops and bishops also of both kingdoms agreed to the same on their word of truth; while the earls and barons of those kingdoms made oath and swore that they would faithfully observe the said treaty of peace and keep the same unbroken. The tenor of this treaty was to the effect that each of them would maintain the honor of the other, and would keep faith with him for life, limb, and worldly honor, and that neither of them would forsake the other in the time of need; but that the king of France would aid the king of England in defending his territories as he himself would defend his own city of Paris, if it were besieged, and that Richard, king of England, would aid the king of France in defending his territories as he himself would defend his own city of Rouen, if it were besieged. The earls and barons also of both kingdoms made oath that they would not depart from their fealty to the said kings or wage any war in their territories, so long as they should be on their pilgrimage. The archbishops also and bishops strictly promised, on their word of truth, that they would pronounce sentence of excommunication against such as should be guilty of a breach of the said treaty of peace and compact. The said kings also made oath that if either of them should die on the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the one who should survive should have the treasures and forces of him who had died,

to employ the same in the service of God. And because they could not be in readiness at Easter, the time previously appointed, they postponed setting out for Jerusalem till the feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, determining that then without fail they would be at Vezelay.

In the same year, on the vigil of the Epiphany of our Lord, a great dissension arose between Geoffrey, archbishop elect of York, and Henry, the dean of that church, and Bucard, the treasurer. For the said archbishop elect having expressed a desire to be present at vespers in the metropolitan church on such a solemn occasion, the said Henry and Bucard would not wait for him, but began vespers; consequently, when the said archbishop elect came into the choir, together with Hamo, the præcentor, and some other canons of the church, he was greatly indignant thereat, and immediately ordered silence, the præcentor ordering to the like effect; while, on the other hand, the dean and treasurer gave orders that they should sing on; however, in consequence of the orders of the archbishop elect and præcentor, all kept silence; on which the archbishop elect was beginning vespers again, when the treasurer ordered the tapers to be extinguished. These being put out and the vespers brought to a close, the archbishop elect complained before God, the clergy, and the people, of the injury which the dean and treasurer had done him, and suspended them and the church from the celebration of Divine service, until such time as they should have given him satisfaction for the same.

On the following day, when all the people of the city resorted after their usual custom to the metropolitan church, that there, on account of the solemnity of the day, they might more becomingly hear Divine service, both the archbishop elect and the said dean and treasurer ought to have been in the choir, together with the canons of the said church, to make peace and reconciliation between themselves; however, the dean and treasurer refused to make any satisfaction to their archbishop elect for such and so great a transgression, but spoke contemptuously of him; in consequence of which the populace were enraged against them, and were desirous to make an attack on them, but the archbishop elect would not allow them. On this, in great alarm, they fled from before the face of the people, and one of them took refuge at the tomb of Saint William, and the other betook himself to the house of the dean; while