TO-DAY A MISTRESS, TO-MORROW A SLAVE

143

NARRATIVE

OF THE

LIFE AND ESCAPE

OF

WILLIAM WELLS BROWN.

"SHALL tongues be mute when deeds are wrought
Which well might shame extremest Hell?
Shall freeman lack th' indignant thought?

Shall Mercy's bosom cease to swell?

Shall Honour bleed?—shall Truth succumb?
Shall pen, and press, and soul be dumb ?"—Whittier.

WILLIAM WELLS BROWN, the subject of this narrative, was born a slave in Lexington, Kentucky, not far from the residence of the late Hon. Henry Clay. His mother was the slave of Doctor John Young. His father was a slaveholder, and, besides being a near relation of his master, was connected with the Wicklief family, one of the oldest, wealthiest, and most aristocratic of the Kentucky planters. Young was the owner of forty or fifty slaves, whose chief employment was in cultivating tobacco, hemp, corn, and flax. The Doctor removed from Lexington,

B

Dr.

when William was five or six years old, to the state of Missouri, and commenced farming in a beautiful and fertile valley, within a mile of the Missouri river.

Here the slaves were put to work under a harsh and cruel overseer named Cook. A finer situation for a farm could not have been selected in the state. With climate favourable to agriculture, and soil rich, the products came in abundance. At an early age William was separated from his mother, she being worked in the field, and he as a servant in his master’s medical department. When about ten years of age, the young slave’s feelings were much hurt at hearing the cries of his mother, while being flogged by the negro driver for being a few minutes behind the other hands in reaching the field. He heard her cry, “Oh, pray! oh, pray! oh, pray!” These are the words which slaves generally utter when imploring mercy at the hands of their oppresThe son heard it, though he was some way off. He heard the crack of the whip and the groans of his poor mother. The cold chill ran over him, and he wept aloud; but he was a slave like his mother, and could render her no assistance. He was taught by the most bitter experience, that nothing could be more heart-rending than to see a dear and beloved mother or sister tortured by unfeeling men, and to hear her cries, and not be able to render the least aid. When William was twelve years of age, his master left his farm and took up his residence near St. Louis. The Doctor

sors.

having more hands than he wanted for his own
use, William was let out to a Mr. Freeland, an
innkeeper. Here the young slave found himself
in the hands of a most cruel and heartless master.
Freeland was one of the real chivalry of the South;
besides being himself a slaveholder, he was a
horse-racer, cock-fighter, gambler, and, to crown
the whole, an inveterate drunkard. What else but
bad treatment could be expected from such a cha-
racter? After enduring the tyrannical and inhuman
usage of this man for five or six months, William
resolved to stand it no longer, and therefore ran
away, like other slaves who leave their masters,
owing to severe treatment; and not knowing where
to flee, the young fugitive went into the forest, a
few miles from St. Louis. He had been in the
woods but a short time, when he heard the barking
and howling of dogs, and was soon satisfied that he
was pursued by the negro dogs; and, aware of their
ferocious nature, the fugitive climbed a tree, to save
himself from being torn to pieces. The hounds
were soon at the trunk of the tree, and remained
there, howling and barking, until those in whose
charge they were came up. The slave was
ordered down, tied, and taken home. Immediately
on his arrival there, he was, as he expected, tied up
in the smoke-house, and whipped till Freeland was
satisfied, and then smoked with tobacco stems. This
the slaveholder called "Virginia play.” After being
well whipped and smoked, he was again set to work.
William remained with this monster a few months