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To be obtained direct from the Publishers only by authenticated teachers. A FIRST GREEK READING-BOOK. Containing 100 Easy Stories, with the necessary Grammar and Vocabularies. By ARTHUR SIDGWICK, M.A., Reader in Greek to LONDON RIVINGTON, PERCIVAL, & CO., 34 KING STREET. COVENT Garden. NOVEMBER, 1895, issue contains:-Lecturing and Teaching (Prof. L. C. Miall); Pedestrianism in the Arctic Circle; Christmas Books; First Impressions of the Report; The Second Book of OCCASIONAL NOTES. Euclid (Charles Davison); Correspondence: The Pronuncia THE last month was described in our hearing by an tion of Greek; Wanted-A Child's Music Stool; Libraries in London Board Schools; Greek for Ever; The Best Light for Lanterns; Reviews and Minor Notices :-- Selections from Thoreau (Salt); Ramsay's Manual of Roman Antiquities (Lanciani); Felkin's Introduction to Herbart's Science and Practice of Education; Menzies' History of Religion, &c.; The Report of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education; Samuel Hartlib's Educational Enthusiasm, &c., &c. DECEMBER, 1895, issue contains :-Dr. Richard Wormell on the Work of the Secondary Education Commission (C. S. Bremner); The Press on the Royal Commission on Secondary Education Report; Some Notes on Intermediate Education in Wales; The Neglect of the Study of Italian (H. Elrington); Remarks on two passages in Bain's “Education as a Science" (Professor L. C. Miall); Correspondence :-Mr. AssistantCommissioner Laurie's Report; The Proposed Rate in aid of Secondary Education; Agency Department of AssistantMasters' Association; The London Loan Fund for the Cambridge Training College for Women Teachers; Modern Languages at Paris and Cambridge (F. B. Kirkman); Colloquia Puerorum (Walter Rippmann); The Religion of the Undergraduate a Reply; Euclid I. 4 (Charles Davison); Reviews and Minor Notices :-Ransome's Advanced History of England; Fouillée's Education from a National Standpoint (Greenstreet); Peterson's Cicero in defence of Cluentius; Minto's Literature of the Georgian Era; Monro's Educational Ideal; Welsford and Mayo's Elementary Algebra; Gray's Hauton Timorumenos of Terence; Hertwig's The Cell (Campbell); Ufer's Introduction to the Pedagogy of Herbart (Tinser); &c., &c.; INDEX and TITLE PAGE to Volume XVII.--January to December, 1895, &c., &c. JANUARY, 1896, issue contains :-The Headmasters' Conference, 1895; Views on the Report.- Mr. J. H. Yoxall and Miss F. Metcalfe (C. S. Bremner); "Busby's Awful Reign" (Foster Watson); The Growth of the Brain; Public Examinations in Geography and the Secondary Schools (J. S. M.); The Study of the Moral Sciences at Cambridge (M. W., E. C. J., M. P. M.); Correspondence :-Mr. Assistant-Commissioner Laurie's Report ; The Royal Commission; Mixed Schools; Salaries of AssistantMasters; The Second Book of Euclid; Oxford Women Students and the Secondary Education Commission's Report; A Plea for Latin Verse; A Vulgar Error in English Histories ; &c.; Reviews and Minor Notices --Rashdall's Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages; Gregorovius' History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages (Hamilton); Bradley's "Wolfe" educational Gallio as the roaring moon of conferences. The epithet was singularly inappropriate, and, had our friend been present at these gatherings of teachers, he would have been forced to acknowledge that, whether the wool gathered was much or little, there was little or no cry about the gathering. Strong differences of opinions revealed themselves, and the debates were often lively, but in no case were they heated, and the entire absence of personalities was a marked feature, showing how rapidly the selfeducation of teachers has advanced in the last twenty years. AND what has been the result of a fortnight's almost continuous talk and parley? One result at least is clear. The Report of the Commission, as a whole, has been approved by teachers as affording a reasonable basis for legislation. This, as we noticed last month, was the case even at Eton, though to the non-local headmasters, seated in the serene temples of the wise," the Report seemed a tale of little meaning. At the Mansion House the Report was naturally more closely scanned, but, though the compulsory training of teachers, the proposed constitution of local authorities, and the fear of rate-aided competition were a stumbling-block to weaker brethren, it was none the less cordially approved as a whole. At the Drapers' Company's Hall, the Organizing Secretaries indorsed the imprimatur which had already appeared in the Technical World. More significant, because less expected, was the attitude of private teachers at the College of Preceptors. By the vast majority the need of legislation was admitted, and, though on the question of excluding primary teachers from the register they stuck to their guns, they seemed not unwilling to accept the compromise to which their spokesman, Dr. Wormell, had given his adhesion. The Teachers' Guild at the Merchant Taylors' School, with its audience of nearly a thousand, helped to swell the general chorus of satisfaction, and this was re-echoed in fainter tones by the Assistant-Masters at the Stationers' Hall. There have been other meetings in the provinces ; but our list is long enough. BUT UT what, our friend Gallio will ask, is the use of all this talk? Are we any forwarder, any nearer solving the (English Men of Action); Miall's Natural History of Aquatic problem of secondary education, which will have to wait till Insects: &c., &c, the voluntary schools question, the agricultural question, the South African imbroglio, and a few other trifles of that sort are disposed of? We answer confidently that we are perceptibly nearer. Not only have we done as Sir John Gorst bade us, and got up the steam without which the legislative machinery will not move, but we have collected and compared the best thoughts of the best minds, and begun at least to come to some agreement among ourselves and formulate professional opinion. IN of any general measure. The others, with Dr. Scott, maintain that an Educational Council must come first, if only to determine the conditions of registration. It is a very pretty quarrel, which Dr. Scott wittily compared to the schoolmen's dispute as to the priority of the egg or the chicken-though we cannot agree with him that it is equally frivolous. The point on which we would now insist is the vital importance of securing, what the Commissioners regard rather as a pious aspiration (ultimately, as Mr. Sidgwick put it-proximately, as we would venture to amend), the direct representation of teachers. Hence TH N 1862 Mr. Lowe's Bill was carried, so to speak, with closed doors: there was little preliminary discussion, and no consultation with the teachers concerned. the thirty years' war of the Codes, a struggle not yet ended. There is little danger of such a mistake being repeated. The elementary teachers form a solid phalanx with their own spokesman in Parliament, and secondary teachers are fast falling into line. Mr. Sadler, as representing the Intelligence Department of the Education Office, has attended all the Conferences, and Sir John Gorst is already in consultation with leading teachers in reference to the Bill which he is drafting. The Royal Commission was conceived at the Oxford Conference, and the block which was quarried by the Commissioners will be rough-hewn at Cambridge before it is shaped by Government to receive the last touches in Committee. THE Conference at Merchant Taylors' will form a land mark in the history of the Teachers' Guild. The attendance of members was far in excess of any previous Conference, and owing to the exigencies of space a large number who applied at the last minute were reluctantly refused admittance. For the first time resolutions were voted on by delegates who had received instructions from the various branches, and the Guild may now fairly claim to be, at least in posse, the Parliament of the united teachers of England. As was natural at a first trial, some defects were discovered in the machinery. The programme was too crowded; two hours was an absurdly inadequate time to allow for a debate on Free Education. The subjects for discussion were drawn up in the form of questions. This form was adopted by the Council to avoid even the appearance of prejudging the case, but it was not HIS view is stated with admirable force and lucidity in the memorandum of Mrs. Bryant and Mr. Sadler to which we have more than once referred, and of which we will summarize the main argument. Teachers do not require direct representation in their own interests, but in those of education generally. They are the persons who can best judge as to which of their own body can be most helpful. They understand best what are the educational questions involved, and they know which of their number are best able to co-operate in the solution of such difficult problems. The fact of the direct representation of teachers will be of immense value in gaining the confidence and support of teachers both for the central and the local authorities, and it will serve to keep the teachers in constant and living touch with the administrative bodies. This will keep the work of developing our educational system full of life and reality, and it will also serve as a powerful check against that centralization which experience shows to have such a deadening effect upon education. It will also do much towards bringing the different parts of educational work into harmonious relation with each other, and will weld the profession together as no other agency could. The question of the register is very important in this connexion, and the proposals of the Commissioners have suggested a method by which such a register would have real value and prestige from the first, and at the same time be a means of focussing varied opinions, all of great value, in the common work of deciding through what channels the wisdom and experience of educational experts should be expressed in the administrative work, both local and central, which would have to be done. easy in all cases to translate these questions into resolutions, WE have received several letters protesting against our and it was a still harder task to determine what amendments were admissible. With a less reasonable audience, and a less judicious chairman, there might have been unseemly wrangling. As it turned out, there was some loss of time, but none of temper. It is easy to be wise after the event, and we may trust the Council of the Guild to prevent the recurrence of these slight hitches at the next Conference, which meets at Bristol. Branch members have one and all expressed their satisfaction with the entertainment, and several have asked permission to tender in these columns their thanks to the Entertainment Committee, and in particular to Miss Busk, on whom the brunt of the arrangements fell. ONE of the few points on which teachers were unanimous at all the Conferences was the necessity of securing the presence of experts both on the central and the local authorities, if the proper growth and progress of our educational system are to be secured. The Commission propose, in the first instance at any rate, to secure this by co-option, and most teachers will admit that until a register is formed co-option is the only available method. But here we come to a parting of the ways. One party would argue that a Registration Bill is therefore bound to take precedence Note of last month on the League for the Protection of Church Teaching in Secondary Schoolsreminding us that ridicule is not logic, hoping that those who came to scoff will remain to pray, even hinting at an action for libel, &c.-but we can only find space for the Secretary's reply. His charge of misstatement it is difficult to rebut without forfeiting all claim to a sense of humour, but we had rather appear to be lacking in humour than in justice, and will answer categorically. (1) It was not more Mazawattee Tea, nor an advertisement of Mazawattee Tea, that we received with the second circular, but only similar paid advertisements. (2) The speech was not made at the Norwich Church Congress, but at the close of the Congress. (3) The League aims at promoting Church. teaching not only by diocesan examinations, but by utilizing other established examinations. In Mr. Brooke's four schemes for "enabling the Church to leaven the whole of secondary education" diocesan examinations stand first, and he is hardly consistent in now pronouncing them "futile"; but, accepting Mr. Brooke's corrections for what they are worth, we will proceed to explain to our other correspondents in all seriousness why we are (or rather were) opposed to the League. That Churchmen should combine to promote and encourage Church teaching in secondary as well as in primary schools is natural and proper, and if this teaching were defined as Mr. Lyttelton defined it before the Headmasters' Conference, that is to say, a study of Church history and the Prayer Book, we should heartily approve of the aim. We have, as yet, no assurance that the League accepts this definition, but, even if we had, we should still object to the means proposed. The way to promote teaching is to teach, not to examine, still less to request some external body to examine. The fiasco of the London Chamber of Commerce might serve as a warning. We object still more strongly to the methods that the League pursues in its propaganda. Its very title is ambiguous, there is no authoritative declaration of its aims and objects, and it appeals to the public at large solely on the strength of the distinguished names upon its Council. That Council, if we are not misinformed, has never once met, and what guarantee of policy the names afford may be judged from an anecdote for which we can vouch. To the editor of a certain journal one of the secretaries wrote: “In your case, your name was at once noticed and you were known to be one likely to be hostile personally, yet the 2d. was not returned and the pamphlet was sent." The same editor was invited almost simultaneously by the other secretary to join the Council of the League. Non tali auxilio neque defensoribus istis eget Ecclesia. MR. MACNAMARA, writing in the Contemporary Review from the neutral standpoint of an educationist, suggests a compromise between the Voluntaryists and the Undenominationalists, who have between them, as he justly observes, torn up the compromise of 1870. This is to modify the Act of 1870 on the lines of the Industrial Schools Act of 1866, i.e., to allow all reasonable facilities for the separate religious instruction of children in Board or voluntary schools whose parents may desire it. If the demand for such separate religious instruction were large, it would, of course, be impossible to afford it, but, judging by the rare use that parents now make of the conscience clause, we may conclude that this provision would probably in ninety-nine schools out of a hundred remain a dead letter. In return for this concession, Mr. Macnamara calls on Churchmen to revise their trust deeds so as to popularize the management of village schools. "WE E know these wonderful new methods and what becomes of them. Have we not had a Miltonian, a Hamiltonian, a Pestalozzian, and ever so many more royal roads to learning laid down? Where are they? And where are the snows of yesteryear?" The quotation comes from a communicated article in the Times on Mr. AssistantCommissioner Laurie's high crimes and misdemeanours, but we need not here concern ourselves with the context, our only object being to nail to the counter a false coin. Perhaps the most effective way of exposing the ignorance, or obscurantism which is worse than ignorance, of this champion of empiricism is by parody, or rather by para THE 'HE death of the Rev. William Rogers removes a notable personality, who, in his time, did good service to education. A pupil of Keate at Eton, a fellowstudent of Jowett at Balliol, a member of the Newcastle Commission, a member of the first London School Board, a co-founder of the City and Corporation Schools, sometime Chairman of the Maria Grey Council, and of the governing body of Dulwich College to the day of his death, he combined many activities, and in each he made his presence felt. The dominant note in his character was pluck. Whether at a meeting of the clergy at Sion College, or of City magnates at the Mansion House, or of the rag-andbone men of Houndsditch, he was equally at his ease, and he would address a Prime Minister or an Archbishop with the same free-spoken familiarity as he would a bargce. And they liked it, the Archbishop no less than the bargee. In several of the obituary notices that have appeared, surprise is expressed that no Church preferment was found for so distinguished a man, and Mr. Rogers with his usual frankness blurted out on more than one occasion his feelings of personal injustice, but, if Sydney Smith was considered an impossible bishop in the first part of the century, Mr. Rogers could hardly be reckoned a possible dean in the second half. The story of his sobriquet is a chestnut, though his apology for the unclerical remark is not so well known. "I merely," Mr. Rogers explained, "expressed a wish that the theological aspect of the case might be suspended until more mundane and practical matters had been disposed of." There is another story, not told in the "Reminiscences," which shows how it was that ship. An important deputation of the London clergy once Mr. Rogers attained no higher dignity than a prebendary waited on the Bishop at Fulham, but Dr. Tait found himself at the last moment too ill to receive them, and desired that they would appoint one of their number to communicate with him in his bedroom. Mr. Rogers volunteered to be the spokesman, and was absent some quarter of an hour. The reverends and very reverends all clustered round him on his return, and one of the archdeacons asked anxiously: "What, Mr. Rogers, does his lordship say?" "He says he'll see you all d -d first." William Rogers was too good a man, and not good enough, to be a dean. THE HE Women's Local Government Society call attention to what, in our opinion, is a distinct blot in the recommendations of the Commission. While on the local authorities they advise not only that women teachers should be eligible, but that a certain number should be women, nothing is said as to their presence on the Central Council, and the Society justly apprehends that, if an Act were drafted on these lines, women would, as in the case of the County Council, be actually excluded by law. Such, we may be certain, was not the intention of the Commission, which, as we read the Report, meant only on the smaller body to exclude the question of sex, but we hope the Government will go further, and prescribe that one at least of the co-opted or elected members shall be a woman. phrase. Let us translate his diatribe against educational AS will be seen from the letters of our Oxford and theory into the language of medicine. "We know these panaceas and elixirs of life and what becomes of them. Have we not had a Hippocratian, a Matteian, a Harveian, a Mesmerist, a Pasteurian, a Lourdes, and ever so many more specifics against disease? Where are they? Have we banished disease or conquered the last enemy, Death?" We venture to say that no one who has studied the history of education will pronounce our parody overcharged or ridiculous. Cambridge correspondents, the two ancient Universities are both on the eve of a bloodless revolution. Merlin is musing in the wild woods of Broceliande, with Vivian at his feet, and (who can doubt it?) will end by yielding and telling her all the charm, but in this case the victory will have been won by no witchery "of woven paces and of waving hands," but by virile logic, by the irresistible force of the Zeitgeist. To give the kernel and still refuse the shell, or to hold, as Professor Sidgwick once held, that the honours course is suitable for women, but the poll course unsuitable, is hopelessly illogical or wildly paradoxical. It is seen, moreover, that the further questions involved in women's degrees-their admission to fellowships, professorships, lectureships, and a share in University administration may be safely left to settle themselves. The Victoria University has not as yet even approximated to a University of Dahomey. THE 'HE Archbishop of Canterbury must have been reading our note of last month. He says it is "false" to suggest that his party wanted to lower the salaries of teachers, and he also adds that "he has never heard a single word from any Churchman in support of the statement that the Church is anxious to lower the standard of education in the Board schools." We quote from the report of his Grace's speech in the Times, and, if the words are correct, we should imagine that the Archbishop's advisers must carefully select his friends for him. Yet the statement is in itself reassuring, though we do not know how the 66 MIGHT it not be possible to adopt a form of address which should include both sexes when an isolated individual of one sex happens to be present at a gathering?” writes a correspondent. "I suggest such a form as 'friends' or fellow-workers.' I happened recently to be the only woman present at an educational meeting which included some forty or fifty men. The position did not embarrass me in the least, as I have before found myself in similar case, having even been the only woman in a deputation to a Minister at Whitehall. On the occasion in question speakers addressed the audience as 'gentlemen,' correcting their vocative to 'lady and gentlemen.' When the chairman announced that seven gentlemen's names were on the election paper for the committee, a foreign gentleman, with portentous gravity, alluded to the fact that a lady was present, and trusted there was no objection to her nomination, the chairman immediately disclaiming his intention of aiming a blow at feminine rights." economy, which he also advocates, is to come in. Certainly "UP the classes cannot be enlarged. We believe that a smaller expenditure in elementary education is impossible, except in so far as a School Board here or there may have been somewhat extravagant in expenditure for administrative purposes. It is true that grumbles are heard at the School Board rate. But as the younger generation grow up, who have felt the use of the education they have received and who will desire that their children have at least as good a one, these grumbles will cease. The teachers must look to it that the education given is such as to help a child in the battle of life. R. FITCH, in an introductory article on the Report DR. TP to a certain point speakers had only mentioned. boys, as was indeed natural. Presently, Mr. Storr alluded to the existence of girls. The next speaker spoke of the boy or girl, he or she,' and finally, finding the double pronoun embarrassing, simply spoke of 'she.' This was not bad, the proportion of the sexes considered, but the cup of my amusement was filled up when the secretary handsomely apologised at the door for the absence of other ladies, despite my assurance that I had vastly enjoyed myself. Such an experience is of itself sufficient to convince an open mind that the Frenchman has no monopoly of polite consideration for the sex known. as fair." contributed to the Educational Review (New York), OUR correspondent's remarks serve to remind us how quotes a very remarkable testimony from no less an authority than President Eliot to the private schools of New England. The relative influence of private and endowed schools of Massachusetts has increased within the last twenty years. This is partly the effect of the increased heterogeneousness of the population, both as regards race and mode of life. It is partly due also to the fact that the private and endowed schools have established a distinct superiority to the public schools; because they are freer to experiment with new methods of instruction, and to adopt methods which prove to be good, and because they spend more money per pupil. In Massachusetts, it has been the private and endowed schools which have adopted most promptly the improvements in education urged upon schools by colleges and Uni versities. Dr. Fitch finds herein a warning against undue interference on the part of the State. To us it seems rather an encouragement to private schools to take heart of courage. Like the ilex of Horace, they may be lopped and shorn, subjected to inspection, and pitted against free public schools, but they will survive and even gather fresh strength. few women are members of the Modern Language Association; one of these was the late Miss Laura Soames. As modern languages are so largely taught in girls' schools, usually forming a more important item in the curriculum and having more time devoted to them than in boys' schools, there seems no reason why women should not join in larger numbers, provided they possess the necessary qualifications. The opportunity for comparison of methods, for stimulation and discussion, for the hearing of such an admirable speech as that delivered by the Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan on the international influence of the modernlanguage teacher, ought not to be neglected by the teachers of one sex. As the members passed a resolution that steps be taken to make the Association of more practical use to country schoolmasters, it might as well enlarge its sphere in the direction we suggest. The Association now numbers 210, and of these only some 15 are women. IR ALBERT ROLLITT took the not very appropriate AN interesting development of Ling's Swedish system of SIR occasion of an assault-at-arms given by the boys of the Islington High School to deliver a lengthy oration on the Secondary Report. While criticising somewhat severely the proposed constitution of the central and local authorities, he warmly supported the measure as a whole, and dwelt in particular on the advantages that would accrue to efficient proprietary and private schools. What by individualists are vaunted as the chief merits of the present system, the absence of any standard curricula and the multiplicity of examinations, he denounced as crying evils. Excellent but what does Sir Albert say to the Commercial Examination of the London Chamber of Commerce? Did he not himself help to add to the intolerable burden? drill and gymnastics is now in operation at a Somersetshire village. Miss Anstey, one of Madame Osterberg's most successful pupils at the Hampstead Physical Training College, decided to try the effect of pure country air, healthy diet, and Ling's gymnastics upon delicate or ailing girls and women. The experiment has now been tried for a term, and the results are most gratifying, for not once has the doctor had to be called in for the five invalids. Those who are acquainted with Ling's system know best how it can be adapted to many different conditions, especially when supplemented by medical gymnastics. Miss Anstey is specially trained for the work she has begun, for, besides being an excellent gymnast herself, she has studied anatomy, hygiene, cookery, diet, massage, and nursing. And these |