The land enterprize of Panama was grounded upon a false account, that the passages towards it were no better fortified than Drake had left them. Id.

After king Henry united the roses, they laboured to reduce both English and Irish, which work, to what pass and perfection it was brought in queen Elizabeth's reign, hath been declared.

Davies's State of Ireland. Upon consideration of the conduct and passage of affairs in former times, the state of England ought to be cleared of an imputation cast upon it. Davies.

As it is advantageable to a physician to be called to the cure of a declining disease, so it is for a commander to suppress a sedition which has passed the height; for, in both, the noxious humour doth first weaken, and afterwards waste to nothing.

Hayward. This business, as it is a very high passage of state, so it is worthy of serious consideration. -Id.

Those loving papers Thicken on you now, as prayers ascend To heaven in troops at a good man's passingbell.

Donne. No strength of arms shall win this noble fort, Or shake this puissant wall, such passing might Have spells and charms, if they be said aright.

Fairfax. My friends remembered me of home; and said, If ever fate would signe my pass, delaid It should be now no more.

Chapman.

In my feare of hospitable Jove, Thou did'st to this passe my affections move. Id. You shall furnish me

With cloake, and coate, and make my passage free For loved Dulichius.

Id.

Passing many know it; and so many, That of all nations there abides not any, From where the morning rises, and the sun, To where even and night their courses run! Id. Martial, thou gavest far nobler epigrams To thy Domitian, than I can my James; But in my royal subject I pass thee, Thou flatteredst thine, mine cannot flattered be.

Ben Jonson.

I would render this treatise intelligible to every rational man, however little versed in scholastick learning, among whom I expect it will have a fairer passage than among those deeply imbued with other principles. Digby.

It conduces much to our content, if we pass by those things which happen to our trouble, and consider that which is prosperous; that, by the representation of the better, the worse may be blotted out. Taylor's Holy Living. Zeal may be let loose in matters of direct duty, as in prayers, provided that no indirect act pass upon them to defile them. Taylor.

They are crafty, and of a passable reach of understanding. Howel.

Many of the nobility spoke in parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty,

All have liberty to take fish, which they do by standing in the water by the holes, and so intercepting their passage take great plenty of them, which otherwise would follow the water under ground. Browne's Travels. To bleed to death was one of the most desirable passages out of this world. Fell. However God may pass by single sinners in this world, yet, when a nation combines against him, the wicked shall not go unpunished. Tillotson.

Others, dissatisfied with what they have, and not trusting to those innocent ways of getting more, fall to others, and pass from just to unjust. Temple.

Traders in Ireland are but factors; the cause must be rather an ill opinion of security than of gain: the last intices the poorer traders, young beginners, or those of passage; but, without the first, the rich will never settle in the country.

Id.

When the passage is open, land will be turned most to great cattle; when shut, to sheep.

ld.

Dryden.

Her face, her hands were torn With passing through the brakes. Trust not too much to that enchanting face; Beauty's a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Id.

Their excellencies will not pass for such in the opinion of the learned, but only as things which have less of error in them. ld. Both advance Against each other, and with sword and lance They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their corslets.

ld.

You know in what deluding joys we past The night that was by heaven decreed our last. Id.

I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Id. Among the laws that passed, it was decreed, That conquered Thebes from bondage should be freed. Id.

In counterfeits, it is with men as with false money; one piece is more or less passable than another. Iď. An idea of motion not passing on, is not better than idea of motion at rest. Locke.

We see, that one who fixes his thoughts very intently on one thing, so as to take but little notice of the succession of ideas that pass in his mind, whilst he is taken up with that earnest contemplation, lets slip out of his account a good part of that duration, and thinks that time shorter than it is.

Id.

Defining the soul to be a substance that a'ways thinks, can serve but to make many men suspect that they have no souls at all, since they ..nd a good part of their lives pass away without thinking.

that time.

Id.

They did pass those bounds, and did return since Burnet's Theory of the Earth. Certain passages of Scripture we cannot, without injury to truth, pass by here in silence. Burnet. How does that man know, but the decree may be already passed against him, and his allowance of mercy spent? South.

Truth is a strong hold fortified by God and nature, and diligence is properly the understanding's laying siege to it; so that it must be perpetually observing all the avenues and passes to it, and accordingly making its approaches.

Id.

Matters have been brought to this pass, that if one among a man's sons had any blemish, he laid him aside for the ministry, and such an one was presently approved.

Id.

The Persian army had advanced into the straight passages of Cilicia, by which means Alexander with his small army was able to fight and conquer them. Id.

Have we so soon forgot,

When, like a matron, butchered by her sons,
And cast beside some common way a spectacle
Of horror and affright to passers by,
Our groaning country bled at every vein? Rowe.
The people, free from cares serene and gay,
Pass all their mild untroubled hours away.

Addison. I had only time to pass my eye over the medals, which are great in number. Id. on Italy. I wish for the wings of an eagle, to fly away to those happy seats; but the genius told me there was no passage to them, except through the gates of death. Addison.

A critick who has no taste nor learning seldom ventures to praise any passage in an author who has not been before received by the publick. Id.

He affirmed that no good law passed since king William's accession, except the act for preserving the

Id.

Gay.

Prior.

Were I not assured he was removed to advantage, I should pass my time extremely ill without him. Collier.

These stage advocates are not only without truth, but without colour; could they have made the slander passable, we should have heard farther. Id.

He rejected the authority of councils, and so do all the reformed; so that this wont pass for a fault in him, till 'tis proved one in us. Atterbury. Live like those who look upon themselves as being only on their passage through this state, but as belonging to that which is to come.

Id.

Inflammations are translated from other parts to the lungs; a pleurisy easily passeth into a peripneumony. Arbuthnot.

Substances hard cannot be dissolved, but they will pass; but such, whose tenacity exceeds the powers of digestion, will neither pass, nor be converted into aliment. Id.

When the gravel is separated from the kidney, oily substances relax the passages.

Id.

Dr. Thurston thinks the principal use of inspiration to be, to move, or pass the blood, from the right to the left ventricle of the heart.

Derham.

If the cause be visible, we stop at the instrument, and seldom pass on to him that directed it.

Wake's Preparation for Death. Though the passage be troublesome, yet it is secure, and shall in a little time bring us ease and peace at

the last.

Wake.

PASSADE, in the manege, is a turn or course of a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground. Hence there are several sorts of passades, according to the different ways of turning, in order to part or return upon the same tread, which is called closing the passade; as the passade of one time, the passade of five times, and the raised or high passades, into which the demivolts are made into curvets. PASSA'DO, n.s. Italian. A push; a thrust. A duellist, a gentleman of the very first house; ah! the immortal passado. Shakspeare.

PASSADO, PASS, or PASSADE, in fencing, an advance or leap forward upon the enemy. Of these there are several kinds; as passes within, above, beneath, to the right, the left, and passes under the line, &c. The measure of the pass is when the swords are so near as that they may

touch one another.

PASSAGE, RIGHT OF, in commerce, is a duty exacted by some princes, either by land or sea, in certain close and narrow places in their territories, on all vessels and carriages, and even sometimes on persons or passengers, coming in or going out of ports, &c. The most celebrated passage of this kind in Europe is the Sound; The dues for passing which strait belong to the king of Denmark, and are paid at Elsinore or Cronenburg.

PASSAIC, a river of New Jersey, which flows south into Newark Bay. It is navigable ten miles fo: small vessels. At Paterson this river has a fall of sixty or seventy fee: perpe dicular, presenting a scene of singular beauty and grandeur. It is much visited as a natural curiosity

PASSAMAQUODDY BAY, a bay of North America, which forms a part of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. It is about six miles from north to south, and twelve from east to west. It contains a number of islands, as Campo Bello, Deer, Mouse, Dudley, Frederick, &c.

PASSAMAN, a province in the north of the island of Sumatra, formerly part of the kingdom of Achin. It is subdivided into other provinces, and was once a place of great trade in gold and pepper. It is nearly under the equi

noctial line.

PASSANT, in heraldry, a term applied to a lion or other animal in a shield, appearing to walk leisurely; for most beasts, except lions, the trippant is frequently used instead of passant.

PASSARON, in ancient geography, a town of Epirus, where, after sacrificing to Jupiter, the kings swore to govern according to law, and the people to obey and defend the country.

PASSAU, a considerable town of Bavaria, at the confluence of the Inn and Danube, was formerly the capital of a bishopric, and is still a bishop's see, and the chief town of the circle of the Lower Danube. The Inn here is full as large, if not larger than the Danube, and the

two rivers divide the town into three parts, Passau Proper, situated on the peninsula between. them; the Innstadt, standing on the south side of the Inn; and the Ilzstadt, on the north side of the Danube. The three parts are connected by two long wooden bridges. The fortifications are of considerable strength, and include three large forts. Passau Proper contains several fine public edifices, such as the cathedral, the bishop's palace, and the gymnasium, originally the Jesuits College. The Ilzstadt is inhabited chiefly by fishermen and laborers. The Innstadt is somewhat better. Passau has a tobacco manufactory, some large breweries, and, from its command of river navigation, a tolerable general trade. Here was concluded, in 1552, the famous peace of Passau, considered by the German Pro

testants as the charter of their liberties: in 1652 the greatest part of the town was burnt down; and in 1800, 1805, and 1809, it suffered greatly from military contributions, and the passage of troops. Population of the whole place 10,000. Eighty-six miles E. N. E, of Munich, and 138 west by north of Vienna.

The bishopric of Passau formerly comprised a track of country between Bavaria, Bohemia, and Upper Austria, of 470 square miles superficial extent; population 60,000. It was secularised in 1803; and since 1815 the part lying west of the Inn belongs to Bavaria, and the rest to Austria.

PASSERAT (John), a celebrated professor of eloquence in the royal college of Paris, and one of the most elegant writers of his time, was born at Troyes, in Champagne, in 1534. He studied the law under the famous Cujacius at Bourges, where he became professor of eloquence in 1572. He was an indefatigable student, and gained the esteer of Charles IX., feary III., and all the men of wit and learning in his time. He died in 1602, and left several admired works behind him.

PASSERES, in ornithology, the sixth order of birds according to the Linnæan system, are distinguished by a conical and pointed bill; the nostrils are oval, pervious, and naked; the legs are formed for hopping; the toes are slender, and divided; the bodies of those that feed on grain are pure, but of those that feed on insects impure; the nest is formed with much art. They live chiefly in trees and hedges, are monogamous, and feed their young by thrusting the food down their throats. This order includes all the singing birds; the males are the songsters. They are divided into four sections, see ORNITHOLOGY, and include the following genera. Sect. I. Colius. Emberiza. Fringilla. Loxia. Phytotoma. Sect. III. Ampelis. Muscicapa. Tanagra. Turdus.

Sect. II. Caprimulgus. Pipra. Hirundo.

Sect. IV.

Alauda.
Columba.

Motacilla.

Parus.
Sturnus.

PASSERI (John Baptist), a learned antiquary and philologer, born at Gubio in Urbino, in 1694. Having entered into orders he became apostolic protonotary and vicar general of Pesara. He published many books, particularly Picture Etruscorum in Vasculis, nunc primum in unum collectæ, explicationibus et dissertationibus illustratæ, Rome, 1767, 3 tom. fol. Being overturned in his carriage, he received a bruise of which he died in 1780.

PASSERI (John Baptist), a painter and poet of Italy, born in 1609. He was a disciple of Dominichino, but had more merit as an author than as a painter. He wrote the Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, of his own time. He died at Rome in 1679, aged seventy.

PASSIENUS (Paulus), a Roman knight, nephew of the poet Propertius, whose elegiac poetry he imitated. He also attempted Lyric poetry with success.

PASSIFLORA, the passion-flower; a genus of the pentandria order and gynandria class of plants; natural order thirty-fourth, cucurbitacea: CAL. pentaphyllous; petals five; the nectarium a crown; the berry is pedicillated. There are nearly thirty different species; all natives of warm foreign countries, only one of which is sufficiently hardy to succeed well in the open ground here; all the others requiring the shelter of a green-house or stove, but chiefly the latter. The most remarkable are :

1. P. cærulea, the blue-rayed common palmated passion-flower, has long, slender, shrubby, purplish-green stalks, branchy, and ascending, upon support by their claspers, thirty or forty feet high; with one large palmated leaf at each joint, and at the axillas large spreading flowers, with whitish-green petals, and a blue radiated nectarium; succeeded by a large, oval, yellowish fruit. It flowers from July until October; the flowers are very large, conspicuous, and their composition is exceedingly curious and beautiful. They come out at the axillas on pedunculi about three inches long, which they terminate, each flower having, just close under the calyx, a three-lobed involucrum-like appendage; a five-lobed calyx, and a five-petalous corolla, the size, figure, and color of the calyx, &c., the petals arranging alternately with the calycinal lobes; and within the corolla is the nectarium, composed of a multitude of thread-like fibres, of a blue and purple color, disposed in circular rays round the column of the fructification; the outer ray is the longest, flat, and spreading on the petals the inner is short, erect, and narrows towards the centre; in the middle is an erect cylindric club-shaped column or pillar, crowned with the roundish germen, having at its base five horizontal spreading filaments, crowned with incumbent yellow antheræ, and that move about every way; and from the side of the germen arise three slender spreading styles, terminated by headed stigmas; the green afterwards gradually becomes a large oval fleshy fruit, ripening to a yellowish color. These wonderful flowers are only of one day's duration, generally opening about 11 or 12 o'clock, and frequently in hot sunny weather burst open with elasticity, and continue fully expanded all that day; and the

next they gradually close, assuming a decayedlike appearance, and never open any more; the evening puts a period to their existence, but they are succeeded by new ones daily on the same plant. This plant and flowers are held in great veneration in some foreign Catholic countries, where the religious make the leaves, tendrils, and different parts of the flower, to represent the instruments of our blessed Saviour's passion; hence the name passiflora.

2. P. incarnata, the incarnated, or flesh-colored Italian passion flower, has a strong perennial root; slender, herbaceous stalks, rising, upon support, four or five feet high; leaves composed of three sawed lobes, each leaf attended by a twining tendril; and at the axillas long slender pedunculi, terminated each by one whitish flower, having a greenish calyx, and a reddish or purple radiated nectarium, surrounding the column of the fructification, which succeed to a large, round, fleshy fruit, ripening to a beautiful orange-color. The flowers of this species are also very beautiful, though of short duration, opening in the morning and night puts a period to their beauty; but they are succeeded by a daily supply of new ones. The fruit of this sort is also very ornamental, as ripening to a fine reddish orange-color; but these rarely attain perfection here, unless the plants are placed in the stove; therefore, when there is such accommodation, it highly merits that indulgence, where it will exhibit both flowers and green and ripe fruit; all at the same time in a beautiful manner.

3. P. vespertilio, the bat's wing passion-flower, has slender, striated, branchy stalks; large, bilobate, or two-lobed leaves, the base roundish and glandular, the lobes acute, widely divaricated like a bat's wings, and dotted underneath; the axillary flowers having white petals and rays. The leaves of this species have a singular appearance, the two lobes being expanded six or seven inches, resembling the wings of a bat upon flight; hence the name vespertilio. All the species in this country are of a tender quality, except the first, which succeeds very wel in the full ground, in a warm situation; only their young branches are sometimes killed in very severe winters; but plenty of new ones generally rise again in spring following: the others denominated stove kinds, must always be retained in that repository.

PASSINELLI (Laurence), an eminent historical painter, born in 1629, at Bologna; in which city there are some of his best pieces. He died in 1700, aged seventy-one.

PAS'SION, n. s. & v. n. Fr. and Span. pasPAS'SIONATE, adj. & v. a. sion; Ital. passione; PAS'SIONATELY, adv. Lat. passio. An ef PASSIONATENESS, n. s. fect produced by exPAS'SION-WEEK. ternal agency; susceptibility of such effect, particularly mental susceptibility; emotion or commotion of mind; eagerness; a particular kind of mental emotion, as anger, zeal, &c. Used emphatically, in theology, for the last sufferings of the Redeemer of mankind: hence the compound, passion-week, the week in which his sufferings have been commemorated: to passion is used by Shakspeare

for to be agitated extremely: passionate is, moved, or apt to be moved, by passion; soon angry to passionate, to affect with or to express passion: passionately and passionateness follow the senses of passionate.

He shewed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acta i. 3. Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, That godly king and queen did passionate, Whilst they his pitiful adventures heard, That oft they did lament his luckless state.

Spenser. My whole endeavour is to resolve the conscience, and to shew what, in this controversy, the heart is to think, if it will follow the light of sound and sincere judgment, without either cloud of prejudice or mist Hooker. of passionate affection.

All the other passions fleet to air,

As doubtful thoughts and rash embraced despair.

I am doubtful, lest

You break into some merry passion, And so offend him :

Shakspeare.

If you should smile, he grows impatient. Id. "Twas Ariadne passioning For Theseus' perjury and unjust flight.

Id.

Thy niece and I want hands,
And cannot passionate our tenfold grief
With folded arms. Id. Titus Andronicus.

The differences of mouldable and not mouldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter, are plebeian notions, applied to the instruments men ordinarily practise.

Bacon.

Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets, Id. and doth not keep at home. Thucydides observes that men are much more passionate for injustice than for violence; because the one, coming as from an equal, seems rapine; when the other, proceeding from one stronger, is but the effect of necessity. Clarendon.

In his prayers, as his attention was fixt and steady, so was it inflamed with passionate fervors.

Fell.

To love with some passionateness the person you would marry is not only allowable but expedient.

Boyle.

Passion's too fierce to be in fetters bound, And nature flies him like enchanted ground.

Dryden.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate, impa tient of any restraint by laws, and arrogant in arms. Prior.

Men, upon the near approach of death, have been roused up into such a lively sense of their guilt, such a passionate degree of concern and remorse, that, if ten thousand ghosts had appeared to them, they scarce could have had a fuller conviction of their danger. Atterbury. Survey yourself, and then forgive your slave, Think what a passion such a form must have.

Granville. Abate a little of that violent passion for fine cloaths, so predominant in your sex. Swift.

The word passion signifies the receiving any action, in a large philosophical sense; in a more limited philosophical sense, it signifies any of the affections of human nature; as love, fear, joy, sorrow: but the common people confine it only to anger. Watts. Would a man know himself, he must study his natural temper; his constitutional inclinations and favourite passions.

Mason.

Self-knowledge will be a good ballast to the mind under any accidental hurry or disorder of the passions.

Id.

But from his visage little could we guess, So unrepentant, dark, and passionless, Save that when struggling nearer to his last, Upon that page his eye was kindly cast. Byron. PASSION is a word of which, as Dr. Reid observes, the meaning is not precisely ascertained, either in common discourse or in the writings of philosophers. In its original import it denotes every feeling of the mind occasioned by an extrinsic cause; but it is generally used to signify some agitation of mind, opposed to that state of tranquillity in which a man is most master of himself. That it was thus used by the Greeks and Romans is evident from Cicero's rendering aboç, the word by which the philosophers of Greece expressed it, by perturbatio in Latin. In this sense of the word, passion cannot be itself a distinct and independent principle of action; but only an occasional degree of vehemence given to those dispositions, desires, and affections, which are at all times present to the mind of man; and that this is its proper sense, we need no other proof, than that passion has always been conceived to bear analogy to a storm at sea, or to a tempest in the air. With respect to the number of passions of which the mind is susceptible, different opinions have been held by different authors. Le Brun, a French writer on painting, justly considering the expression of the passions as a very important as well as difficult branch of his art, has enumerated no fewer than twenty, of which the signs may be expressed by the pencil on canvas. That there are so many different states of