groups of islands, which seem, as it were, the summits of vast mountains. Separately considered, this ocean receives but few rivers; the chief being the Amur from Tartary, and the Hoan-ho and Kian-ku from China, the principal American rivers running east. As the boundary of the Russian empire, the Pacific washes the shores of the government of Irkutsk, from Tschukotskoy Noss, or Cook's Straits, to the frontiers of China; or from the mouth of the river Aimakan, that is, from 65° to 45° N. lat. It is divided into two great parts. That lying eastwards from Kamtschatka, between Siberia and America, is eminently styled the Eastern or the Pacific Ocean; that on the west side from Kamtschatka, between Siberia, the Chinese Mongoley, and the Kurilly Islands, the sea of Okhotsk. Again, from the place where the river Anadyr falls into it, it is called the sea of Anadyr; about Kamtschatka, the sea of Kamtschatka; and the bay between the districts of Okhotsk and Kamtschatka, is called the sea of Okhotsk, the upper part of which is termed Penjinskoye Mare as it approaches the mouth of the river Penjina. See our articles GEOGRAPHY and OCEAN.

He sent forthwith to the French king his chaplain, chusing him because he was a churchman, as best sorting with an embassy of pacification. Bacon. He set and kept on foot a continual treaty of peace; besides he had in consideration the bearing the blessed person of a pacificator.

Id.

Id.

In his journey he heard news of the victory, yet he went on as far as York, to pacify and settle those countries. God now, in his gracious pacific manner, comes to treat with them. Hammond's Fundamentals. Returning, in his bill

An olive leaf he brings, pacific sign!

Milton.

O villain! to have wit at will upon all other occasions, and not one diverting syllable now at a pinch to pacify our mistress. L'Estrange.

Prior.

Nor William's power, nor Mary's charms, Could or repel, or pacify his arms. David, by an happy and seasonable pacification, was took off from acting that bloody tragedy.

South.

PACIFIC OCEAN, Mare Pacificum, or South Sea, in geography, that vast ocean which separates Asia from America, originally called Pacific from the moderate weather which the first mariners, and particularly Magellan, who sailed in it, met with between the tropics; and it was called the South Sea, because the Spaniards crossed the Isthmus of Darien from north to south. With regard to America it is also sometimes called the Western Ocean. Far from this ocean being less infested with storms than the Atlantic, no sea is subject to rougher storms in high latitudes; but Magellan happening to have a very favorable wind, and not meeting with any thing to ruffle him when he first traversed this vast ocean in 1520, gave it the name which it has retained ever since. Maty adds, that the wind is so regular here that the vessels would frequently go from Acapulco to the Philippine Islands, without shifting a sail. The general trade winds in the Pacific Ocean are similar to those of the Atlantic, blowing constantly between the north and east in the northern tropic, and between the south and east in the southern. Near the west coast of America their limits are strictly confined to the tropics, or even within them, but they widen as they move onwards towards the coast of Asia.

This ocean fills the largest cavity of the globe, occupying nearly half of its surface from the eastern shores of New Holland to the western of America; and it is diversified with several

PACK, n. s., v. a., & v. n.`
PACK'-CLOTH, N. S.
PACKER,

PACK'ET, n. s. & v. a.
PACKHORSE, n. s.
PACKSADDLE,

PACKTHREAD,

PACKWAX.

Fr. pacquet; Ital. pacchetto; Swed. and Belg. pack; Dan.packke. A bundle; bale; band; set; number: hence a given number of cards

or hounds, party of people, &c.; any great number: to pack is to bind up for carriage or despatch: hence to unite selected persons in a design; sort cards in a particular manner: to tie up goods; go after, or remove, in haste; concert measures (generally applied in an ill sense): a packet is a small pack or bundle; particularly of letters; the vessel which carries a mail bag: to packet is used by Swift for to bind up parcels: a packhorse is, a horse of burden; a horse used for carrying packs: packsaddle and packthread a saddle and thread, used to carry and tie up packages: packwax, an animal secretion.

New farmer thinketh each hour a day, Until the old farmer be packing away. Tusser. You panderly rascals! there's a knot, a gang, a pack, a conspiracy, against me. Shakspeare.

Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. He cannot live, I hope, and must not die,

Enos has

Id.

Your beards deserve not so honourable a gravo as to stuff a butcher's cushion, or to be entombed in an ass's packsaddle. Id. About his shelves Remnants of packthread, and old cakes of roses, Were thinly scattered. Id. Romeo and Juliet. There be that can pack cards and yet cannot play well; so there are some that are good in canvasses and factions, that are otherwise weak men.

Bacon's Essays. Themistocles said to the king of Persia, that speech was like cloth of Arras, opened and put abroad, whereby the imagery appears in figures; whereas in thoughts they lie but as in packs. Bacon. There passed continually puckets and dispatches between the two kings. Id. Henry VII.

Girding of the body of the tree about with packthread, restraineth the sap. Id. Natural History.

The wind no sooner came good, but away pack the gallies with all the haste they could. Carew.

That this so profitable a merchandize, riseth not to a proportionable enhancement with other less beneficial commodities, they impute partly to the eastern buyers packing, partly to the owners not vending the same.

Had sly Ulysses at the sack

Of Troy, brought thee his pedlar's pack.

The marigold, whose courtier's face

Ecchoes the sun, and doth unlace
Her at his rise, at his full stop
Packs and shuts up her gaudy shop.

Id.

Cleaveland.

Id.

That brave prancing courser hath been so broken and brought low by her, that he will patiently take the bit and bear a packsaddle or panniers. Upon your late command

Howel.

Denham.

To guard the passages, and search all packets, This to the prince was intercepted. Never such a pack of knaves and villains, as they who now governed in the parliament.

Clarendon.

horse who is driven constantly forwards and backwards to market, should be skilled in the geography of the country. Locke.

Several parts peculiar to brutes are wanting in man; as the strong aponeuroses of the neck, called packwar Ray.

Brutes, called men, in full ery packed by the court or country, run down in the house of commons, a deserted horned beast of the court.

Wycherley.

The pack taken together, composed of fifty-two cards, is palpably a symbol of the solar year, consisting of fifty-two weeks, referring to time in general; and however dealt out, in its speedy revolution, affords a document, that even in our pastimes we

should be mindful of its transient and brief duration. Whyte's Poems, notes.

It is wonderful to see persons of sense passing away a dozen hours together in shuffling and divid ing a pack of cards. Addison.

What we looked upon as brains, were an heap of strange materials, packed up with wonderful art in the skull. Id.

His horse is vicious, for which reason I tie him close to his manger with a packthread. Id.

The expected council was dwindled into a conventicle; a packed assembly of Italian bishops, not a free convention of fathers from all quarters.

Atterbury. Women to cards may be compared, we play A round or two, when used we throw away, Take a fresh pack.

Granville.

I can compare such productions to nothing but rich pieces of patchwork, sewed together with packFelton.

thread.

The judge shall jobb, the bishop bite the town, And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.

Pope.

Bickerstaff is more a man of honour than to be an accomplice with a pack of rascals that walk the streets on nights.

Swift.

Poor Stella must pack off to town, From purling streams and fountains bubbling, To Liffy's stinking tide at Dublin.

Id.

People would wonder how the news could come, especially if the wind be fair when the packet goes

over.

Id.

My resolution is to send you all your letters, well sealed and packeted.

Id.

So many greater fools than they, Will pack a crowded audience the third day. Southern.

The savage soul of game is up at once, The pack full opening various. Thomson's Summer.

PACORUS, the eldest of the thirty sons of Orodes, king of Parthia, who defeated Crassus, and took him prisoner, and took Syria from the Romans. He supported Pompey and the republican party; but was at last killed by Bassus,

A. A. C. 39. See PARTHIA.

PACOS, in zoology, a species of camel, known among many by the name of the Indian sheep, or Peruvian sheep. See CAMELUS. This creature has been accounted a sheep, because its hair is so long as to resemble wool, and it is prodigiously thick, its head and neck alone having more wool on them than the whole body of our largest sheep. Its body is clothed in the same proportion with a woolly hair equally fine. PACT, n. s. Fr. pact; Lat. pactum. PACTION, Both the substantives are

PACTITIOUS, adj. Sused to signify a bargain or covenant: pactitious is, settled by covenant.

The queen, contrary to her pact and agreement concerning the marriage of her daughter, delivered her daughters out of sanctuary unto king Richard.

Bacon.

The French king sent for Matthew, earl of Levenox, to remove the earl of Arraine from the regency of Scotland, and reverse such pactions as he had made. Hayward.

There never could be any room for contracts or pactions, between the Supreme Being and his intelligent creatures. Cheyne. PACTOLUS, a river of Lydia, rising in Mount Tmolus, called Chrysorrhoas, from its rolling down golden sand, according to Herodotus, Plutarch, Pliny, and Strabo. In this river

Midas was fabled to have washed himself; and from it Croesus is thought to have had all his riches. In Strabo's time it ceased to roll down any. It ran through Sardes; after which it fell into the Hermus, and both together into the Ægean Sea at Phocæa in Ionia. The kings of Persia obtained possession of the Pactolus and its treasures by Cyrus's conquest of Lydia. Xerxes I. drew gold from the Pactolus, and this valuable metal was furnished by it in the time of Herodotus; but it afterwards failed long before the time of Strabo. The gold of the Pactolus was derived from the mines of Mount Emolus; and, when these were exhausted, the supply of the river was discontinued. This river was, according to Varro and Chrysostom, the chief source of the wealth of Croesus.

PACUVIUS (Marcus), a native of Brundusium in Calabria, a tragic poet in high reputation about the year of Rome 600. He was ephew of Ennius; published several theatrical pieces, though we have only some fragments of his poetry remaining; and died at Tarentum, at above ninety years of age.

PAD, n. s. & v. n. I Sax paad; Belg. pad; PAD'der, n. s. Teut. pfad; Sans. pad; Gr. πατος. A path; road; footway; an easypaced horse; a soft saddle; a robber infesting the roads on foot: to tread gently or at a slow pace; beat a way; rob on foot: a padder is a foot highwayman.

Tremellius was called scropha or sow, because he hid his neighbour's sow under a pad, and commanded his wife to lie thereon; he sware that he had no sow but the great sow that lay there, pointing to the pad

and the sow his wife.

We shall not need to say what lack Of leather was upon his back;

For that was hidden under pad.

Spurr'd as jockies use, to break, Or padders to secure a neck.

Camden.

Hudibras.

Id.

Worse than all the clattering tiles, and worse Than thousand padders is the poet's curse; Rogues that in dog-days cannot rhyme forbear; But without mercy read, to make you hear.

Dryden.

If he advanced himself by a voluntary engaging in unjust quarrels, he has no better pretence to honour than what a resolute and successful padder may challenge. Collier.

I would have set you on an easier pad, and relieved the wandering knight with a night's lodging. Pope's Letters.

PADANG, a Dutch settlement on the west coast of Sumatra, to which the factories at Pulo Chinco, Priaman, and Adjerhadja, were formerly subordinate. Lat. 0° 48′ S., long. 99° 55′ E. The town lies one mile within the river: the land to the northward is low towards the sea, but mountainous up the country. Some pepper, camphor, and benzoin, are furnished; but ever since the establishment of the English settlement at Bencoolen the quantity collected has been small. A considerable quantity of gold is sent to Batavia. Near to Padang is a vein of this metal which formerly was worked; but, not finding the returns adequate to the expense, the Dutch East India Company let it to farm, and it now produces little or nothing. Padang was first visited by the English East India Company's ships in 1649. It was in our possession from 1794 to 1814; but in the last year given up again to the Dutch.

PA'DAR, n. s. L. B. paleatura. Grouts;

coarse flour.

The brain has a very unpromising aspect for thinking; it looks like an odd sort of bog for fancy to paddle in.

Collier.

Paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay. PAD'DOCK, n. s. Sax. nada; Danish and Belg. padde. A toad: also corrupted from parrok (see PARK), an enclosure for deer.

Where I was wont to seek the honey-bee, Working her former rooms in waxen frame; The grisley toad-stool grown there mought I see, And loathing paddocks lording on the same.

Spenser. The paddock, or frog paddock, breeds on the land, is bony and big, especially the she. Walton. With staring scales lies poisoned The water-snake, whom fish and paddocks fed, Dryden.

A PADDOCK,

or PADDOC-COURSE, is a piece of ground encompassed with pales or a wall, and taken out of a park, for exhibiting races with grey-hounds, for plates, wagers, or the like. These paddocks, from their great extent, were seldom seen but in the royal parks, or upon the demesnes of the most opulent.