water. It produces buck-wheat, potatoes, a little fruit, rape seed; timber; cattle, and sheep. Turf for fuel is found in almost all parts. The chief exports, after cattle, are butter, cheese, tallow, hides, wool, turf, and linen, which is made and bleached in considerable quantities. This is the least populous of the Dutch provinces; its inhabitants amounting only to 147,000, partly Protestants, and parily Catholics. It has no port of consequence; but sends four members to the states-general of the Netherlands; belonging to the second military division, and to the jurisdiction of the high court of the Hague. It is divided into three districts, viz. Zwolle (the capital) in the north-west, Deventer in the southwest, and Almeloo in the east.

OVERZEALOUS, adj. Over and zealous. Too zealous.

It is not of such weighty necessity to determine one way or the other, as some overzealous for or against the immateriality of the soul, have been forward to make the world believe. Locke.

OUESSENT, ISLE OF, France, situated in the Atlantic Ocean, about eighteen miles from the coast of Brittany, and thirty-six W. N. W. from Brest, which is its post town. It constitutes one of the cantons of the arrondissement of Brest, in the department of Finisterre; but it is of small extent, not containing more than eighteen square miles. The soil is rather fertile, and covered in some parts with fine meadows, feeding a great number of horses and sheep. This island contains a few hamlets, a strong castle, and a little port frequented by fishermen. The access to it is very dangerous on account of the rocks which

surround it. There are some other smaller islands near it, called by the same name. On the coast there is a fishery for pilchards and other fish.

OUFA, a large city of Asiatic Russia, the capital of the government of Orenbourg, was built in 1573, by the czar Ivan Vassilievitch. It is said that there was anciently upon this spot a great Tartar city, the residence of the khans of Nogais; and two mosques of brick, and several remarkable sepulchral monuments, which bear Arabic and Cufic inscriptions, would seem to confirm this tradition. The town is situated on the Belaia, near its junction with the Oufa. Its site is intersected by numerous torrents and ravines. Oufa was once fortified, but, the frontier being now extended, the works have fallen into decay. It has seven churches, two convents (one for nuns), an academy, and two schools. It is also the residence of a primate, who bears the title of archbishop of Orenbourg and Oufa. In

habitants 2500.

OUFA, a considerable river of Asiatic Russia, which rises in the Oural mountains, and flows through a mountainous country, till it falls into the Belaia, near the city of this name. Several of its tributary streams have rich mines of iron on their banks.

OUGHT, n. s. Sax. aphit. More properly written aught. Any thing.

OUGHTY.

He asked him if he saw ought. Mark, viii. 23. For ought that I can understand, there is no part but the bare English pale, in which the Irish have not the greatest footing. Spenser on Ireland.

To do ought good never will be our task; But ever to do ill our sole delight.

Milton.

Owed;

Timothy. Ephesians.

Universal Lord! be bounteous still To give us only good; and if the night Have gathered ought of evil, or concealed, Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark. Id. OUGHT, imp. verb. & preter. of owe. obliged; to be fit or necessary. Know how thou oughtest to behave. Speak boldly as I ought to speak. Judges ought to remember that their office is to interpret law, and not to make or give law. Bacon. Apprehending the occasion, I will add a continuance to that happy motion, and besides give you some tribute of the love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman. This blood which men by treason sought, That followed, sir, which to myself I ought

Dryden.

If grammar ought to be taught, it must be to one Locke. that can speak the language already.

We ought to profess our dependance upon him, and our obligations to him for the good things we enjoy. We ought to publish to the world our sense of his goodness with the voice of praise, and tell of all his wondrous works. We ought to comfort his

servants and children in their afflictions, and relieve his poor distressed members in their manifold necessities; for he that giveth alms sacrificeth praise. Nelson.

OUGHTRED (William), an eminent mathematician, born and educated at Eton, in 1573, whence he was sent to King's College in Cambridge, of which he afterwards became fellow. Being admitted to holy orders, he left the university about 1603, and was presented to the rectory of Aldbury, near Guildford in Surry; and about 1628 was appointed by the earl of Arundel to instruct his son in the mathematics. He corresponded with some of the most eminent scholars of his time upon mathematical subjects; and young gentlemen came from all parts to receive his instructions. Upon hearing the news of the vote at Westminster, for the restoration of king Charles II., he expired in a sudden transport of joy, aged eighty-eight. He wrote, 1. Clavis Mathematica; afterwards published in English. 2. A Description of the double horizontal Dial. 3. Opuscula Mathematica; and several other works. He left also behind him a great number of papers upon mathematical subjects, in the museum of William Jones, esq., F. R. S. He had one son, whom he bred a watchmaker.

OVID, a post town, the capital of Seneca county, New York; twenty miles south by east of Geneva, forty-one north of Elmira, 205 west of Albany. Population 4535. It is situated between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, is a large and excellent agricultural town, and contains four houses of public worship. The county buildings

are in a small village called Verona, or Ovid. A weekly newspaper is published here.

OVIDIUS NASO (Publius), a celebrated Latin poet of the Augustan age, and a Roman knight, born at Sulmo, A. A. C. 43. He studied rhetoric under Aurelius Fuscus, and for some time frequented the bar. His progress in eloquence was great, but nothing could deter him from pursuing his natural inclination to poetry. Every thing he wrote was expressed in poetical numbers. A lively genius and a fertile imagination soon gained him admirers: the learned became his friends; Virgil, Propertius, Tibullus, and Horace, honored him with their correspondence, and Augustus patronised him with the most unbounded liberality. However, he afterwards incurred his displeasure, and was banished to Tomos, a city on the Pontus Euxinus, near the mouth of the Danube, when he was fifty years of age. The cause of this exile is unknown, but several passages indicate that it was some improper connexion with the family of Augustus. His writings in exile, although full of flattery and impatience, failed to procure him a pardon, and he died in the seventh or eighth year of his banishment, and in the fifty-seventh year of his age. He was buried at Tomos. The greatest part of his poems are extant, consisting of his Metamorphoses, his Fasti, his Tristia, Elegies, the Heroides, three books Amorum, and three de Arte Amandi, with the other de Remedio Amoris, his Ibis, and fragments of other poems, among which are part of a tragedy called Medea. His Epistles from Pontus are the language of a servile flatterer.

OVIEDA, in botany, a genus of the angiospermia order, and didynamia class of plants; natural order fortieth, personatæ: CAL. quinquefid: COR. tube almost cylindrical above, and very long: BERRY globose and dispermous.

ŎVIEDO (John Gonsalvez de), born at Madrid about 1478, was sent by Ferdinand V. to the island of Hayti (now St. Domingo), as intendant and inspector-general of the trade of the New World, and on his return to Spain published Summario de la Historia general y natural de las Indias Occidentales.

OVIEDO, an inland town of Spain, the chief place of Asturias, stands in a plain at the confluence of two small rivers called the Ovia and the Nora. It is of a horse-shoe form, with a square in the centre. The streets are straight and regular; and the town a bishop's see, and has an elegant Gothic cathedral, rich in vases, relics, and ornaments. It contains the bones of fourteen kings and queens who reigned in the north of Spain while the rest of the peninsula was in the hands of the Moors. Another church called St. Salvador was built in the eighth century. In the ninth century Oviedo had the title of the City of Bishops, from the great number of prelates who took refuge here from the Saracens. In 877 a general council was held here. The other public establishments are a university, an ancient aqueduct, the episcopal palace, a collegiate chapter, three churches, three monasteries, three convents, three hospitals, and a drawing school. The trade is, or was, chiefly in the colonial produce landed at Gijon. Here are also tanneries;

This notion of the mundane egg, or that the world was oviform, hath been the sense and language of all antiquity.

Burnet. Birds and oviparous creatures have eggs enough at first conceived in them to serve them for many years' laying. Ray. That fishes and birds should be oviparous is a plain sign of providence.

More's Antidote against Atheism. OVILIA, or Septa, a place in ancient Rome, in the Campus Martius, at first railed in like a sheep-pen, whence its name. Afterwards it was mounted with marble, and beautified with walks and galleries, as also with a tribunal, or a seat of justice. Within this precinct, or enclosure, the people were called to give their suffrages for the election of magistrates. The ascent into the ovilia was not by stairs, but by pontes, or narrow boards, laid there for the occasion; on which account, de ponte dejici signified to be deprived of the privilege of voting;' and persons thus dealt with were called 'depontani.

OVIS, the sheep, in zoology, a genus of the class mammalia, and of the order of pecora. The characters are these: the horns are concave, turned backwards, and full of wrinkles; there are eight fore-teeth in the under jaw, and no dog-teeth. The wool of these animals is only a congeries of very long and slender hairs twisted and contorted, and variously interwoven with one another. This, as far as is yet known, is a clothing peculiar to the sheep kind, no other animal having been seen to possess it. It is not, however, the clothing of all the species of sheep, some that are found in distant nations having short hair like that of the goat. Linné enumerates three species, viz.

1. O. aries, or the ram-sheep, the horns of which are shaped like a half-moon, and compressed.

2. O. Guineensis, the Guinea sheep, which has pendulous ears, lax hairy dewlaps, and a prominence on the hind part of the head. The wool is short like that of a goat. It is a native of Guinea.

3. O. strepsiceros, or the Cretan sheep, which has straight cariated horns, twisted in a spiral manner, and is a native of Mount Iola.

Pallas, in his very extensive travels in the Russian empire, more particularly in Siberia and amongst the pastoral nations of Great Tartary, found what he regards as only one species of sheep, subdivided into four varieties.

i. O. brachiura, the short-tailed sheep, is called the Russian sheep by the natives. It seems to be the ovis Islandicus of authors, with smaller horns. It is reared throughout all the north of Russia, and resembles that of Iceland in size, tail, and coarseness of fleece; but, though this be the case in these few respects, yet it differs from it in a very essential character, that of horns, which are much smaller, and have nothing

of that exuberance which Buffon and others attribute to the sheep of that island. It resembles the Tscherkessian sheep in the form of its head, straight upright ears, and in thickness of fleece; but the quality of the two fleeces is very different, this variety having wool almost as coarse as dog's hair; but the great distinguishing character between them is the tail, which is almost a quarter of a yard shorter than that of the Tscherkes sian. The brachiura, or short-tailed sheep, is reared not only by the northern Russians, but likewise by the Fins and other neighbouring nations. Some of this variety have been transported into Siberia, where they have supported themselves on some pastures, though in poor condition; but through all the southern countries they are in less estimation than the long-tailed and fat-tailed varieties, which are much superior to them for size, fat, and good eating.

ii. O. Bucharica is by Pallas called Bucharian, from his finding it reared by the Bucharian Tartars in immense flocks. It is also raised by the Persians in great numbers. Pallas regards this as a mixed breed, arising, as he supposes, from the union of the long-tailed and fat-tailed sheep. The head of this variety is like that of the Kirguise; but the muzzle is sharper, resembling the Indian of Buffon: the body is rather smaller than that of the Kirguise sheep; the ears are larger and pendant; they have a small uropygium, like that of the Tartar sheep on the Jenisy, especially when begotten by a Kirguise ram; but in general they have a tail fat and broad at the base, with a long narrow appendage, and resembles the tail of the Tscherkessian sheep. iii. O. dolichura, the long-tailed sheep, is named both by the Tartars and Russians Tscherkessian sheep; it is the ovis longicauda of authors. It is a handsome animal, with a noble air, in its native country and the south of Russia, resembling in its habits, horns, fleece, and length of tail, the Spanish, but more particularly the English sheep. Its head is well proportioned, and of an elegant form; ears straight; horns large, even, rounded in the angles, tapering to a point, and bending inwardly towards the back. The rams are seldom without horns, and the ewes have them often bent in a lunar form. The wool, though coarse, is without admixture of hair, which is perhaps but an accidental distinction, and promises to be much meliorated by crossing the breed, and rearing the animal with more care and skill. It is even known to become much finer without the assistance of art, merely from the influence of a temperate climate, as on Mount Caucasus. The tail of the ram is covered with fine long wool, like the Indian sheep described by Buffon, which trails on the ground, so as to efface the prints made by the animal's feet on sand, and it contains often twenty joints or vertebræ. In passing from the state of nature to that of servitude, it seems to have lost its native ferocity, together with its coarse fleece. There are sheep in Morocco which belong to this variety, on account of the distinguishing character of it, a long tail, although otherwise different, in having an ugly look, head covered entirely with hair, little hanging ears, and remarkably long wool.

iv. O. steatopyga, the fat-tailed sheep, has appellations as various as the provinces where it is reared; it is the ovis laticaudata of authors. This is both the most abundant and largest breed of sheep in the world. It is reared throughout all the temperate regions of Asia, from the frontiers of Europe to those of China, in the vast plains of Tartary. All the Nomade hordes of Asia, the Turkomans, Kirguise, Calmucks, and Mongul Tartars, rear it; and, indeed, it constitutes their chief riches, the number they pcssess being enormous. The flocks of all the Tartar hordes resemble one another by a large yellowish muzzle, the upper jaw often projecting beyond the lower; by long hanging ears; by the horns of the adult ram being large, spiral, wrinkled, angular, and bent in a lunar form. The body of the ram, and sometimes of the ewe, swells gradually with fat towards the posteriors; where a solid mass of fat is formed on the rump, and falls over the anus in place of a tail, divided into two hemispheres, which take the form of the hips, with a little button of a tail in the middle, to be felt with the finger. The uropygium, or fat-rump, which is made up of this oily species of fat, is so very large as to incommode the animal in walking; but, when the same sheep are carried into the interior parts of Russia, the tail loses half its size and weight; nay, sometimes more, from a change in their food and mode of life. This variety, besides the characters mentioned above, have slender legs in proportion to their bodies, a high chest, large hanging testicles, a large prepuce, and tolerably fine wool mixed with hair. Such are the great characteristic marks by which the flocks of all the Tartar hordes resemble one another; but climate, soil, &c., produce some small difference on this variety, whether reared by the Tartars or the Russians, in the western deserts of Great Tartary, from the river Volga to the Irtish, and the Altaic chain of mountains.

Mr. Kerr, in his translation of Gmelin's Zoological System of Linné, gives a more complete and satisfactory classification of this genus than any of the authors above quoted. He enumerates four species and fifteen varieties, viz.—

i. O. ammon, the argali, or O. fera of Pallas; or the wild sheep of Pennant. The horns are large, semicircularly arched backwards and divergent, wrinkled on their upper surface, and flattish on the under side; the neck has two pendent hairy wattles. Pallas paid particular attention to this species. He says, he found the ovis fera, or wild sheep, in all its native vigor, boldness, and activity, inhabiting the vast chain of mountains which run through the centre of Asia to the eastern Sea, and the branches which it sends off to Great Tartary, China, and the Indies. This wild animal, probably the musimon of Pliny, and the ophion of the Greeks, is called argali, or wild sheep, by the Siberians; and by the Russians kamennoi barrann, or sheep of the rocks, from its ordinary place of abode. It delights in the bare rocks of the Asiatic chain just mentioned, where it is constantly found basking in the sun; but it avoids the woods of the mountains, and every other object that would intercept the direct rays of the glorious luminary. Its food is the Alpine plants and shrubs it finds

amongst the rocks. The argali perfers a temperate climate, although he does not disdain that of Asiatic Siberia, as there he finds his favorite bare rocks, sunshine, and Alpine plants; nay, he is even found in the cold eastern extremity of Siberia and Kamtschatka. The argali loves solitude, and flees the haunts of man; gradually abandoning a country in proportion as it becomes peopled. The ewe of the argali brings forth before the melting of the snow. Her lamb resembles much a young kid, except that it has a large flat protuberance in place of horns, and that it is covered with a woolly hair, frizzled, and of a dark gray. When pursued, the argali does not run straight forward, but doubles and turns like a hare, at the same time that it scrambles up and over the rocks with wonderful agility. In the same proportion that the adult argali is wild and untameable, the lamb is easily tamed when taken young, and fed first on milk and afterwards on fodder, like the domestic sheep, as has been found on numerous experiments made in the Russian settlements in these parts. This animal formerly frequented the regions about the upper Irtish, and some other parts of Siberia, where it is no longer seen since colonies have been settled in these countries. It is common in the Mongalian, Songarian, and Tartarian mountains, where it enjoys its favorite solitude and liberty. The argali is found likewise on the banks of the Lena, up as high as 60° of lat. N.; and it propagates its species even in Kamtschatka, as noticed before. The argali is also found in the mountains of Persia, and is said to exist in the Kuril islands in great size and beauty. The argali is about the height of a small hart, but its make is much more robust and nervous. Its form is less elegant than that of the deer, and its legs and neck shorter. The male is larger than the female, and every way stouter. Its head resembles that of a ram, with long straggling hairs about the mouth; but no beard. Its ears are rather smaller than those of a ram. The tail is very short. The summer coat consists of short hair, sleek, and resembling that of a deer. The winter coat consists of wool like down, mixed with hair every where an inch and a half long at least, concealing at its roots a fine woolly down, generally of a white color. The color of its coat was in general of a dark grayish brown, with white tips to the longer hairs, and consisted of hair mixed with wool, of a dark iron gray.

ii. O. Ammon Europea, the Corsican argali, is a variety mentioned by Mr. Kerr on the authority of Mr. Pennant, differing from the above chiefly in color; having a large white spot on the neck, and being black on the shoulders. In Corsica it is called mufro.

iii. O. aries, the common sheep, has the horns spirally twisted outwards. The disposition of the sheep is so mild and gentle, that, although in its wild state, it fears not to defend itself against the most formidable antagonists; yet, when domestic, it is the most timid and apparently defenceless of all animals. It is of the most extensive utility to man. We are clothed by its fleece, and the flesh is a delicate and wholesome food. The skin, dressed, forms different parts of our apparel, and is used for covers of books.

The entrails, properly prepared and twisted, serve for strings for various musical instruments. The milk is thicker than that of cows, and consequently yields a greater quantity of butter and cheese; and in some places is so rich that it will not produce the cheese without a mixture of water to make it part from the whey. The dung is a remarkably rich manure; insomuch that the folding of sheep is become too useful a branch of husbandry for the farmer to neglect. In short, this animal has nothing that does not redound to our benefit. The ram is capable of generation at the age of eighteen months; and the ewe can be impregnated when a year o.d. One ram is sufficient, according to Buffon, for twenty-five or thirty ewes; they have often been known indeed to beget 100 lambs in a single season. He ought to be large and well proportioned; his head should be thick and strong, his front wide, his eyes black, his nose flat, his neck thick, his body long and tall, his testicles massy, and his tail long. White is the best color for a ram. The ewes whose wool is most plentiful, bushy, long, soft, and white, are most proper for breeders, especially when at the same time they are of a large size, have a thick neck, and move nimbly. In this climate, ewes fed in good pastures admit the ram in July' or August; but September or October are the months when the greatest part of our ewes, if left to nature, take the ram. They go with young about five months, and generally bring forth but one at a time, though frequently two; in warm climates they may bring forth twice in a year; but in Britain, France, and most parts of Europe, only once. They give milk plentifully for seven or eight months. They live from ten to twelve years; they are capable of bringing forth as long as they live, when properly managed; but are generally old and useless at the age of seven or eight years. The ram, though he lives twelve or fourteen years, becomes unfit for propagating when eight years old. When the male lambs are not intended to be kept for propagation, but fattened for food, they ought to be castrated at the age of five or six months. After castration they are called wedders. The ram, ewe, and wedder, when one year old, lose the two fore teeth of the under jaw; six months afterwards they lose the two fore teeth next to these ; and, at the age of three years, the teeth are all replaced. The age of a ram may likewise be discovered by his horns, which always appear the first year, and frequently as soon as he is brought forth. These horns uniformly acquire an additional ring every year as long as the creature lives. The ewes commonly have no horns, but a kind of long protuberance in place of them; however some of them have two and some four horns. As white wool is most valued, black or spotted lambs are generally slaughtered. In some places, however, almost all the sheep are black; and black lambs are often produced by the commixture of white rams with white ewes. In France there are only white, brown, black, and spotted sheep: but in Spain there is a reddish kind; and in Scotland there are some of a yellowish color. But all these varieties of color are more accidental than those produced by dif

6. O. aries Guineensis, the Guinea, or wat tled sheep, already described.

7. O. aries hispanica, the Spanisn sheep, has horns twisted into a spiral, which is lengthened outwards; the wool is very fine and famous all over Europe.

8. O. aries jubata, the Chinese morvant, has a short red and gray mane on the neck; and a long beard on the breast round the neck; on the shoulders are longish red gray hairs; the rest of the body is covered with a bright yellow wool, a little curled and soft at the ends, but coarse at the roots; the legs are deep red; the tail is yellow and white, with long coarse hairs.

9. O. aries laticaudata, the broad-tailed sheep, has a long and very broad tail. This kind is common in Syria, Barbary, Ethiopia, Thibet, and Tartary. The tails are so long as to trail on the ground. They are sometimes pointed at the end, but mostly rounded; they sometimes weigh fifty pounds, and, being composed of a substance between fat and marrow, are reckoned a great delicacy. Those of Thisbet produce the fine wool of which shawls are made. 10. O. aries longicauda, the long-tailed sheep, described before.

ferent races; which, however, proceed from the influence of climate, and the difference of nourishment. In the northern parts of Europe, as Denmark and Norway, the sheep are not good; but, to improve the breed, rams are occasionally imported from England. The rams, ewes, and wedders of Iceland, differ chiefly from ours by arger and thicker horns. Some of them have three, four, and even five horns. This, however, is not common. In Spain, and the southern parts of Europe, the flocks of sheep are kept in shades or stables during the night: but in Britain, where there is now no danger from wolves, they are allowed to remain without, both night and day; which makes the animals more healthy, and their flesh a more wholesome food. Dry and mountainous ground, where thyme and sheep's fescue grass abound, are the best for the pasturing sheep. Sheep are subject to many diseases: some arising from insects which deposit their eggs in different parts of the animal: others are caused by their being kept in wet pasture; for as the sheep requires but little drink, it is naturally fond of a dry soil. The dropsy, vertigo (the pendro of the Welsh), the phthisis, jaundice, and worms in the liver, annually make great havock among our flocks: for the first disease, the shepherd finds a remedy by turning the infected into fields of broom; which plant has been also found to be very efficacious in the same disorder among the human species. The sheep is also infested by different sorts of insects like the horse, it has its peculiar estrus or gadfly, which deposits its eggs above the nose in the frontal sinuses. When these turn into maggots, they become excessively painful. The French shepherds make a common practice of easing the sheep, by trepanning and taking out the maggot; this practice is sometimes used by the English shepherds, but not always with the same success. Besides these insects, the sheep is troubled with a kind of tick and louse, which magpies and starlings contribute to ease it of, by lighting on its back, and picking the insects off. Mr. Kerr enumerates fifteen varieties of this species. 1. O. aries Africana, inhabiting Africa, and has short hair instead of wool.

2. O. aries Anglica, the English hornless sheep; without horns; the tail and scrotum hang down as low as the second joint of the hind leg, and the wool is fine. This kind is common in most parts of Britain; those of Lincolnshire are the largest, and very small breeds are found in Wales and Shetland. They have generally either no horns or very small ones; and many of them have very short tails.

3. O. aries barbata, the bearded sheep, or Siberian goat of Mr. Pennant, has a long divided beard, hanging down from the lower part of the cheeks and upper jaw. It is the tragelaphus of Pliny. It inhabits Barbary and Mauritania. The color is a pale rusty brown.

4. O. aries Bucharica, the Bucharian sheep of Pallas already described.

5. O. aries Capensis, the Cape Sheep, has large pendulous ears, and a large broad tail. The horns are short and bent back; the body and neck are covered with long hair, or wool not curled; the legs are black and naked.

11. O. aries nana, the dwarf sheep, has no horns, is of a very small size, and has a turned up nose. This variety is found in Lincolnshire. The wool forms a ruff round its face. The under jaw is protruded; the nose crooked upwards; the ears small and erect.

12. O. aries polycerata, the many-horned sheep; ovis Gotlandica of Pallas: the Iceland sheep of Buffon, has more than two horns. This variety is common in Iceland, Siberia, and Tartary; but in the same flocks in which many are found with three, four, five, or six horns, others have only the usual pair: whence Mr. Kerr thinks they can hardly form a distinct variety.

13. O. aries rustica, the rustic, or blackfaced sheep, is horned, the tail round and short, and the wool white but rather coarse. This is the most common breed of sheep all over Europe; the horns are large, wrinked, turned backwards in a comprised, spiral, screw-like twist, which comes down to the sides of the head, taking several turns, and becoming very large on old rams. The face is covered with short black, dark brown, or gray hair. They are very agile, and exceedingly shy. The mutton is much esteemed. The most perfect breed is found in Tweed-dale.

14. O. aries steatopyga, the fat-rumped sheep, described above.

iv. O. pudu, the pudu, or capra puda of Molina, has round, smooth, divergent horns, and inhabits the Cordilleras in South America. It is about the size of a half-year old kid, and lives in flocks on the mountains; whence they descend into the south plains of Chili, when the hills are covered with snow. It resembles a goat, but the horns are small, and turned outwards, like those of a sheep. It has no beard; the female has no horns; the color is dusky. This is the only animal of the genus which seems indigenous to America.

v. O. strepsiceros, the Cretan sheep, or Wallachian sheep of Buffon. Described above. This