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the same time, that it would be unfair to conceal the writer from whom our great countryman took the original hint of forming that system, which has proved the foundation of all that have been composed since that period.

Belon of Mans, a Frenchman, who first attempted to range birds according to their natures, published a work on ornithology in 1555. His arrangement of rapacious birds is as judicious as that of the latest writers. His second chapter treats of vultures, falcons, shrikes, and owls; in the two next he passes over to the web-footed water fowls, and to the cloven-footed; in the fifth he includes the gallinaceous and struthious, but mixes with them the plovers, buntings, and larks; in the sixth are the pies, pigeons, and thrushes; and the seventh takes in the rest of the passerine order.

Ray, and his illustrious pupil Francis Willoughby, assumed the same plan; but formed the great division of the terrestrial and aquatic birds; they made every species occupy their proper place, consulting at once exterior form and natural habit.

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13. Roller.
14. Oriole.
15. Grakle.
16. Paradise.
17. Curucui.
18. Barbet.
19. Cuckoo.
20. Wryneck
21. Woodpecker.
22. Jacamar.
23. Kingsfisher.
24. Nuthatch.
25. Tody.
26. Bee-eater.
27. Hoopoe.
28. Creeper.
29. Honeysucker.

The subjoined scheme of arrangement, by Mr. Pennant, is introduced with the following observations:-Mr. Ray's general plan is so judi-. cious that to me it seems scarcely possible to make any change in it for the better; yet, notwithstanding he was in a manner the founder of systematic zoology, later discoveries have made a few improvements on his labors. My candid `friend Linné did not take it amiss, that I, in part, neglected his example; for I permit the land fowl to follow one another, undivided by the waterfowl, the Gralla, and anseres of his system; but, in my generical arrangement, I most punctually attend to the order he has given in his several divisions, except in those of his anseres and a few of his gralla. For, after the manner of Mr. Brisson, I make a distinct order of water-fowl with pinnated feet, placing them between the waders or cloven-footed water fowl and the web- 30. Cock. footed. The ostrich, and land birds with wings 31. Turkey. useless for flight, I place as a distinct order. 32. Pintado. The trumpeter (psophia Linnæi), and the bustards, I place at the end of the gallinaceous tribé; the last granivorous, swift runners, avoiders of wet places; and both have bills somewhat arched. It must be confessed that both have legs naked above the knees, and the last, like the waders, lay but few eggs. They seem ambiguous birds, that have affinity with each order; and it is hoped that each naturalist may be indulged the toleration of placing them as suits his own 40. Pigeon. opinion.'

TABLE of Pennant's Arrangement, with the correspondent Orders and Genera in the Systema Naturæ of Linné.

Lanius.

Psittacus.
Ramphastos.
Ramphastos.
Buceros.
Buphaga.
Crotophaga.

Corvus.
Coracias.

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ORDER III.-GALLINACEOUS.

33. Curasso.
34. Peacock.
35. Pheasant.
36. Grous.

37. Partridge.
38. Trumpeter.
39. Bustard.

Phasianus.

Meleagris.

Numida.

Crax.
Pavo.

Phasianus.
Tetrao..
Tetrao.
Psophia.
Otis.

ORDER IV. COLUMBINE.

Columba.

ORDER V.-PASSERINE.

Sturnus.

Turdus.

Grallæ.

41. Stare.
42. Thrush.

43. Chatterer.

Ampelis.

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Loxia.
Loxia.

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Emberiza.

47. Tanager.

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