Carter, in New York American. (Reproduced by special

permission of W. R. Hearst.)

THE TORCH-BEARER-TOLSTOY.

Thorndike, in the Baltimore American.

CONFIDENCE RESTORED.

The key that opened another period of prosperity.

Opper, in New York American. (Reproduced by special

permission of W. R. Hearst.)

HOW CUTE!

EVERAL years ago, when in conversation

SEVER

with the late Professor Joseph Rodes Buchanan, the gifted author of The New Education and other deeply original and thoughtful volumes, the veteran educator remarked that the slow advance of civilization was chiefly due to the lack of anything like a full-orbed education, and, indeed, to the general neglect on the part of organized society of any well-defined, comprehensive and rational system of culture.

In the first place, he maintained that man's proper development in this sphere of existence demanded physical, mental and moral cultivation, and any educational system that failed in making provisions for this three-fold demand was fundamentally defective and would produce warped and but partially developed specimens of manhood.

Man in his primitive state was as a rule rugged, strong and inured to hardships. His physical body was well developed, but he knew nothing of the deeper joys of life. Indeed, he was ignorant of those things that yield to modern highly-developed man his deepest, purest and most lasting pleasures.

Later, man began to express himself on the intellectual and emotional planes, and the moral sense became more and more developed. In many instances, however, as in Egypt, for example, the priesthood became the custodians of education, and here, as is ever the case when power is given to a class, especially if it holds to dogmatic ideas about subjects upon which in the nature of the case there is bound to be wide divergence of opinion, intellectual development was arrested and art and science were fettered. Dogma, rite and ritual also, as is ever the case, overshadowed ethics, and conformity to religious dogma became of more importance than conduct. Hence moral stagnation supervened.

On the other hand, in lands where mere intellectual training predominated, humanity was warped, and civilization, after a dazzling outburst of apparent glory, rapidly declined, because not nourished by moral idealism which is the well-spring of life for man and civilization.

Greece in the ancient world and America to-day give testimony to the fatal defect of education when the master emphasis is placed on intellectual training. Our schools of to-day have left the religious development and moral culture of the child to church and home. The church has been more concerned with creed, dogma and rite, with denominational aggrandizement and churchly material prosperity, than with the conduct or life of her members. The home has left to church and school the moral development of the young, with the result that material wealth is placed above the sacred rights of childhood, as is seen in the prevalence of child-slavery or work in mine, mill and factory. Money or property rights are placed above the rights of man, which should be of first concern to a state and nation; and immoral business methods, speculation, gambling and obtaining money by indirection and false pretenses, together with the robbing of the millions by watering stock and making the people pay interest or dividends on the water-all these things, as well as many others that might be cited, eloquently attest to the fatal result of neglecting moral development or the education of the conscience side of life.

It is sometimes argued that the school years do not afford time sufficient to educate and develop body, brain and soul. This point we mentioned in our conversation with Professor Buchanan, and he promptly replied: "Ah! it is more difficult to open and shut one finger of your hand than the whole hand; so a threefold education, by developing all sides of life, prevents over-straining or warping-is, in fact, restful and conducive to healthy and normal growth."

All education should develop the physical man by thorough exercise in certain kinds of practical manual training. Moral or ethical culture should be impressed on the young, but should be entirely divorced from creedal teachings. The Ten Commandments, the ethics of the Sermon on the Mount, fundamental truths underlying the ideals of justice, humanity, moral integrity and nobility in conduct, are intimately related to life. They

can be impressed on the plastic mind of the child as easily as the truths of mathematics or the lessons of history.

But leaving out of consideration the vital side of education and coming to consider merely intellectual training, our system, the veteran educator contended, displayed amazing short-sightedness. Indeed, the very meaning of education is often overlooked. We do not seek to draw out or develop the latent greatness of the child so much as to cram his brain with alleged facts, presented usually in a dogmatic manner. Now all educators agree that the child must be taught certain truths, but that teaching should be so conducted as to arouse and stimulate all the faculties of the mind. Dr. Buchanan stated that time and again he had seen bright young children treated in such a way as to blunt their reasoning faculties when the mind was plastic and should have been carefully developed. "Do you suppose you know more than the author of that book?" the teacher has exclaimed when the child sought to question some statement made. Now that child by such treatment was positively injured, and the more sensitive and imaginative he was, the more such treatment tended to mentally cripple him. If, on the other hand, the teacher had replied: "Well, now, let us see who is right. State your objection and we will see if we cannot arrive at the truth," the child

would have been helped and all the other children would have felt that their brains were for thought or for reason, and not merely sponges to absorb what others considered to be the truth.

We should at all times seek to develop the reasoning faculties, stimulate the imagination and stir the deeper emotional side of life in a wholesome and normal way. The child should be taught to see the beauty of goodness and the inevitable moral damage attendant on all infractions of the fundamental ethical verities. He should be shown the beauty, the splendor and the utility of nature in all her varied moods, and led to appreciate the worth of art, of music, of the drama and all those things that wholesomely nourish the imagination and brain of man. In a word, with instruction should go stimulation or the calling out process that would aim to touch and quicken into life every well-spring of potential strength and power.

Until these things and kindred truths are realized, civilization will move forward slowly and from time to time suffer periods of depression, during which the nations and peoples that have been most recreant in regard to the higher demands of life will wither and die, because the sources of the vital fountains of life have been allowed to dry up.

Boston, Massachusetts.

B. O. FLOWER.

The Roosevelt Convention, in Which "My Policies," The Interests of The People and Genuine Reform were Ruthlessly Slaughtered.

JP TO THE hour of the opening of the Republican Convention no single fact was more insistently harped upon by the administration organs than that the convention was to be a Roosevelt triumph; that in spite of the wicked allies-the Forakers, the Knoxes, the Cannons and others who flaunted their love for predatory wealth more or less offensively, and who were supposed to have opposed Mr. Roosevelt's "my policies" as unnecessary concessions to the sheep-like rank and file of American voters, the President had completely captured the convention; that "my policies" were to triumph-"my policies," it should be remarked in parentheses, being those reform measures which President Roosevelt in season and out of season labeled as his own and which he had more or less openly purloined from the Democrats and the People's party. An overwhelming number of delegates had been chosen representing the administration wing of the party. Such was the cry of President Roosevelt's organs. Yet when the convention assembled and we beheld the Republican delegates in action, the most amazing spectacle was presented to the nation in the delegates kowtowing to privileged wealth and the corrupt bosses at every turn, while they not only insulted organized labor but sounded clear and strong the call to retreat, as we shall presently see.

To the on-looker certain things were very noticeable. First, there was the self-glorification, the turgid, vain boasting that is so marked a characteristic of men and parties drunk with power and who feel secure because of the power they believe to be at their command. The Belshazzar-like self-laudation, however, was even less offensive and no more marked than the note of insincerity struck whenever the issue was between the masters of the Republican party and the people. Thus, for example, the platform opens with a eulogy of President Roosevelt, and the

people are gravely told that their most exalted servant represents the best aims and worthiest purposes of all his countrymen. American manhood has been lifted to a nobler sense of duty and obligation. Surely, after such unequivocal sentiments and others just as pronounced, the convention composed of delegates whom the convention had corraled under the pretext that the various reforms that the President had championed in opposition to the political bosses and the masters of the money-controlled machine, embodied the wishes and interests of the people, will give the marching orders to move resolutely forward.

But no. The perfunctory praise is immediately followed by a glorification of the Republican Congress. Think of it! The President is praised for representing the best aims and worthiest purposes of all his countrymen; and Speaker Cannon's House and the Republican Senate, controlled by Aldrich, Lodge, Knox, Penrose, Depew, Platt, Crane and others dear to the plutocracy, which effectively turned down or blocked all the important reforms advocated by the President, who reflected the best aims and worthiest purposes of the country, are also fulsomely praised for keeping "step in the forward march to better government.'

"

In the light of the platform adopted, the permanent chairman chosen for the convention, and the ticket nominated, it is clear that this eulogy of the trust-dominating and people-betraying Congress is as honest as the praise of President Roosevelt was insincere. Never since the era of reaction and monopoly domination reached an openly aggressive stage in the destruction of the old representative character of Congress by Speaker Reed, in order that the once great and powerful deliberative body of representatives might become a registering machine for the masters of the money-controlled political machine acting through the Speaker; never since the aggressive assumption of extra-constitutional power by the judiciary, by which in the interests of corporate wealth the old bulwarks of popular rights and vital freedom of the peo