Finland by Russia; while the only ally that Gustavus possessed, namely England, was prevented from lending him assistance by his own strange conduct to the British general, Sir John Moore.

The Council of State in vain solicited him to make peace; and he was on the point of marching against the enemy when he found that two Swedish armies were in full march to the capital, and a civil war was on the eve of breaking out. Having displeased his two regiments of guards by assimilating them to the militia, and being thus absolutely without any defence, he was arrested on the 13th March 1809, and conveyed, together with his family, to the fortress of Drotningholm, where, on the 6th of June, he signed his abdication, and his uncle, the Duke of Sudermania, was raised to the throne, by the title of Charles XIII. and ChristianAugustus of Sleswig Augustenburg was invested with the title of Prince Royal of Sweden, or heir apparent. That Prince, however, having soon after died, as was supposed by poison, before the close of the same year the succession was transferred by election to Field-Marshal Bernadotte, who subsequently succeeded to the throne in 1818. By the resignation of Gustavus, Sweden obtained a new constitution, and peace with Russia, with the loss of Finland, a loss never to be repaired.

From his first prison Gustavus and his family were removed to the castle of Gripsholm, from whence he passed over to the continent in 1810. He went again to Baden, notwithstanding its vicinity to France, and the manner in which that territory had been violated in order to seize the Duke d'Enghien. He afterwards travelled in the north of Europe, under different names, and paid a visit to the Emperor Alexander, at Petersburgh, whose personal esteem he enjoyed, as his misfortunes had arisen from his too in flexible resistance to Napoleon, and, besides, they had married sisters. On the 14th Nov. in the same year, he landed in Yarmouth, and in England he was well received by the court, and admired by the people. He passed part of 1811 at Hartwell, with Louis XVIII. In 1812 he lived at Altona, under the protection of Denmark; and he even ventured to show himself in Hamburgh, then occupied by the French.

In the end of 1814 he went to Bâle, in Switzerland, where he resided under the title of Count Gottorp. He projected, whilst there, a sort of pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but it did not take place. In 1815 Gustavus Adolphus took the name of Duke of Holstein, and sent to the Congress at Vienna, by Sir Sidney GENT. MAG. VOL. VII.

Smith, knight of the Swedish order of the Sword, a declaration relative to his right to the throne of Sweden, saying he had been dethroned through the influence of Buonaparte, and demanding the succession for his son, if not for himself. In August, 1816, he lived in Frankfort; and from thence he afterwards went to the city of Hanover, where he resided in great privacy, and took the name of Gustavson (son of Gustavus). In 1818 he became a citizen of Bâle, where he engaged in literary pursuits, and printed, for private distribution, "Reflections on the Aurora Borealis, and its connexion with Diurnal Motion." It was written in French, and translated into Swedish.

The latter years of Gustavus were spent not only in exile but in poverty. He only possessed a small annuity of 967. per annum, and always refused to accept any thing from his own private domains in Sweden, or from the Emperor Alexander, who offered him an indemnity, which he resolutely declined. He travelled about always alone, and without being waited on by any servant. When he alighted at an hotel, he always went to the table d'hote, and was only distinguished from the other guests by his delicate politeness, which he owed more to the goodness of his heart than to his education. It is said that during the last few years his little income of 961. was diminished, that he lived very miserably, was obliged to deprive himself of every little comfort, and was badly clothed and fed, though living in a corner of Europe where provisions are so cheap. His son, the Prince Gustavus Vasa, now a general in the service of Austria, had exhausted all his most ingenious contrivances for rendering less miserable the existence of his father. He paid two persons to observe him, to watch over him, and endeavour secretly to ascertain his wants; but they had great difficulty in concealing that they were so employed, and filial piety was reduced to resort to stratagem, for otherwise the old king would not have admitted of any aid.

By the Princess before mentioned, from whom he was separated Feb. 17, 1812, Gustavus had issue several children, of whom the survivors were: the Prince Gustavus Vasa, born in 1799; he was educated at the University of Edinburgh, now styled Count Itterburg, and high in the military service of Austria; the Princess Sophia- Wilhelmina, born in 1801, married in 1819 to Charles-Leopold- Frederick Prince Margrave of Baden; the Princess Amelia-Maria- Charlotte, born in 1805; and the Princess Cecilia, born in 1807.

The body of Gustavus was removed

31

from St. Gall on the 27th Feb. to be transported towards Moravia, where it will be finally deposited in the same tomb with that of his grandson.

DUKE OF MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN. Feb. 1. At his palace of Ludwigs-lust, aged 80, Frederick-Francis Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin.

He was born on the 10th of Dec. 1756; succeeded his uncle, Duke Frederick, on the 19th of April 1785; and assumed, June 9, 1815, the title of Grand Duke. During his paternal reign of above 50 years, which was marked by manifold vicissitudes, he enjoyed the truly filial affection of his subjects, and universal esteem in foreign countries. His territories were not large, and he kept up but a moderate court at the residence at Ludwigs-lust, which is a very pleasant village on the road from Hamburg to Berlin.

He married Louisa, daughter of John Augustus Duke of Saxe-Gotha; and by that princess, who died Jan. 1, 1808, he had issue three sons and one daughter: 1. Frederic Louis, who married first Helena Paulowna, daughter of Paul Enperor of Russia; secondly, Caroline, daughter of Charles-Augustus Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar; and, thirdly, Augusta Frederic, daughter of Frederic Louis Landgrave of Hesse Homburg; but died in 1819, leaving issue by the two former marriages, of which Paul Frederic, his eldest son, now succeeds his grandfather in the dukedom; having married in 1822 Frederica- Wilhelmina-AlexandrinaMaria-Helena, second daughter of the King of Prussia, and sister to the Empress of Russia, by whom he has two sons and one daughter; 2. the Duke GustavusWilliam; 3. the Duke Charles-AugustusChristian, who died in 1833, in his 51st year; and 4. Charlotte- Frederica, married to her cousin Prince Christian-Frederic of Denmark (who was for a short time King of Norway in 1814), but afterwards separated.

DUKE OF BAVARIA.

Jan. 9. Aged 85, William Duke of Bavaria.

He was the representative of the younger branch of the family of Deux Ponts, now the royal house of Bavaria, and which branch formerly bore the title of Palatine of Deux Ponts Birkenfeld. He was a General of Infantry in the Bavarian army, and married in 1780 a sister of the present King, viz. Maria-Anna, daughter of Frederic Prince of DeuxPonts; by whom he had issue a daughter married to Alexander Prince of Wagram, and left his widow in 1815; and a Prince, Pius Augustus, born in 1756, and mar

ried in 1807 to Amelia-Louisa-Julia, daughter of Louis Prince d'Aremberg, and has issue a Prince born in 1808.

THE EARL OF ROSSLYN.

Jan. 18. At Dysart House, Fifeshire, aged 75, the Right Hon. James St. Clair Erskine, second Earl of Rosslyn, co. Midlothian (1801), and Baron Loughbo rough of Loughborough, co. Surrey (1795), and the seventh Baronet, of Alva, N. B. (a Nova Scotia creation, 1666); G.C.B. a Privy Councillor, a General in the army, Colonel of the 9th Lancers, a member of the consolidated board of General Officers, and Commissioner of the Royal Military College and Royal Military Asylum; Director of the Scotch Chancery; Lord Lieutenant of Fifeshire, &c. &c.

He was the eldest son of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Henry Erskine, of Alva, Bart. by Janet, daughter of Peter Wedderburn, esq. and sister to Alexander first Earl of Rosslyn, and Lord Chancellor. He succeeded his father as a Baronet in 1763; and commenced his military career in 1778, when he was appointed successively Cornet in the 1st horseguards, Lieut. 38th foot, in 2d North British dragoons, and in 21st dragoons 1779, Captain 19th dragoons 1780, and in 14th dragoons 1781. In 1782 he served on the staff in Ireland, as Aidede-Camp to the Lord Lieutenant, and was subsequently appointed Assistant Adjutant-general in that country. 1783 he obtained the majority of the 8th light dragoons; and in 1792 the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 12th light dragoons. He served with that regiment at Toulon in 1793, and afterwards as Adjutant-general to the forces in the Mediterranean, under Sir David Dundas and Sir Charles Stuart. In 1795 he obtained the rank of Colonel, being appointed Aidede-Camp to the King. He was employed as Brigadier-General and Adjutant-general to the British army in Portugal from Nov. 1796 to the end of 1797.

In

On the 1st Jan. 1798, he was appointed Major-General, and employed in that rank in Portugal; from whence he went to Minorca, was present at the reduction of that island, and continued in the command after the departure of Sir Chas. Stuart for six months to the end of 1799, when he returned to England, and was appointed Colonel of the Sussex Fencible Cavalry, which was reduced in 1800. He was next placed on the Staff of North Britain, where he served a few years; he was made Colonel of the 9th dragoons on the 1st August, 1801; in 1805 he was appointed Lieut.-General, and placed on the Staff in Ireland; in 1806 he was again appointed to serve in Portugal; he was at the siege of Copenhagen in 1807, and

in 1809 in the Zealand expedition. In August, 1810, his lordship received the Colonelcy of the 9th Lancers, and in June 1814 he was appointed General.

Sir James Erskine was a member of the House of Commons for twenty-three years before his accession to the Peerage. He was first returned on a vacancy in 1781 as one of the members for Castle Rising. In 1784 he was returned for Morpeth; again in Feb. 1785, on his taking the office of Director of the Chancery in Scotland; and a third time in 1790. In 1796 and 1802 he was elected for the Kirkaldy district of burghs. He made himself conspicuous in the House of Commons as one of the managers of the trial of Mr. Hastings, and generally voted in opposition to Mr. Pitt. On the 3d Jan.1805 he succeeded his uncle the exChancellor, as Earl of Rosslyn. In 1807 he voted in favour of the Catholic claims, which he subsequently supported: but he voted with the Tories against the Act for the reform of Parliament. In June 1829 the Earl of Rosslyn was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal, and sworn a member of the Privy Council; and in Dec. 1834 he was Lord President of the Council in Sir Robert Peel's last brief administration.

His Lordship took the name of St. Clair before his own in July 1789. He was nominated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, May 27, 1820.

The Earl of Rosslyn was one of the most intimate friends of the Duke of Welling ton; and, with the exception perhaps of Mr. Holmes, was the most useful agent of the Conservative party, being what is sometimes called the whipper in' of the Tories in the House of Peers. He never allowed, however, at any period, his political views to interfere with his private friendships, or to prevent his joining with others in the useful and convivial relations of social life. In the county of Fife, where be chiefly resided when Parliament was not assembled, his death occasions a great and general blank: and he enjoyed the character of a most amiable man with every one who had the opportunity of knowing him.

Immediate steps, it is said, have been taken by the Treasury for the reduction of the salary which his Lordship received as director of the Scottish Court of Chan. cery, to the lowest possible amount consistent with the efficient discharge of any duties attached to that office. In Lord Rosslyn's hands it was a sinecure.

He married, in 1790, Harriet-Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Edward Bouverie, great-uncle to the present Earl of Radnor; and by that lady, who died

on the 8th Aug. 1810, he had issue three sons and one daughter: 1. Henry Alexander who died young; 2. Lady Janet, married in 1829 to Bethell Walrond, esq.; 3. the Right Hon. James- Alexander now Earl of Rosslyn, Lieut.- Colonel of his father's regiment, and (on his father's nomination) a Clerk in the Scottish chancery; he was born in 1802, and married in 1826, Frances daughter of the late Lieut.-Gen. William Wemyss, cousin to the Earl of Wemyss and March, by whom he has several children; and 4. the Hon. Henry-Francis, a Captain in the Coldstream guards, who died in 1829, in bis 26th year.

LORD SCARSDALE.

Jan. 27. At his seat, Kedleston, near Derby, aged 85, the Right Hon. Nathaniel Curzon, second Baron Scarsdale, co. Derby (1761), the sixth Baronet (of Nova Scotia 1636, and of England 1641).

He was born Sept. 27, 1751, the eldest son of Nathaniel the first Lord, by Lady Caroline Colyear, eldest daughter of Charles second Earl of Portmore. He was matriculated as a nobleman of Christ Church, Oxford, Jan. 19, 1768, and was created M. A. March 16, 1771. In 1774 he was returned to Parliament, on a vacancy for the borough of Derby, for which he was re-elected in 1776, but not at the election of 1784. He succeeded his father in the peerage, Dec. 5, 1801. He never took an active political part; but he gave his vote against the Reform Bill in 1831.

His Lordship was twice married: first, on the 18th of August, 1777, to the Hon. Sophia-Susannah Noel, third daughter of Edward first Viscount Wentworth, and co-heir of the Barony of Wentworth, by whom he had issue one daughter and two sons: 1. the Hon. Sophia Caroline, married in 1800 to Robert-Sewallis Lord Viscount Tamworth, only son of Robert seventh Earl Ferrers; his Lordship died in 1824, having had no issue by her Ladyship, who survives; 2. the Right Hon. Nathaniel now Lord Scarsdale; he was born in 1781, but is still unmarried. The Hon. Mrs. Curzon, the late Lord's first wife, died on the 28th June 1782; and he married secondly Felicité Anne des Wattines, of Tournay in Flanders, who survives him, having had issue six sons and three daughters: 3. Felicité; 4. Augustus, a Major in the army, who died unmarried in 1829; 5. Edward, Capt. R.N.; 6. William, deputy assistant ad. jutant-general to the British army in the Netherlands, slain at Waterloo, unmarried; 7. the Rev. Frederick- Hippolitus, Vicar of Mickleover, co. Derby, who

married in 1826, Augusta, second daughter of Edw. Miller Mundy, of Shipley-hall, Notts, esq. but was left a widower in the following year; 8. Ferdinand; 9. the Hon. and Rev. Alfred Curzon, Rector of Kedleston, and of Norton by Twycross in Leicestershire; he married in 1825 Sophia, second daughter of Robert Holden, of Nuttal temple, co. Notts. and Darley abbey, co. Derby, esq. by whom he has two sons and a daughter; 10. the Hon. Francis James Curzon, B. A. of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-law; 11. the Hon. Mary Elizabeth, married in 1825 to John Beaumont, esq. of Barrow upon Trent; 12. the Hon. CarolineEsther, married in 1827 to William Drury Holden, of Lock's Park, co. Derby, esq. eldest son of Robert Holden, esq. before mentioned.

SIR WILLIAM M MAHON, BART.

Jan. 13. At Dublin, aged 60, the Right Hon. Sir William Macmahon, Bart. a Privy Councillor and Master of the Rolls in Ireland; balf-brother to the late Right Hon. Sir John M'Mahon, and elder brother to the present Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thomas M'Mahon, Bart. K. C.B.

He was born July 12th, 1776, the second son of John M'Mahon, esq. patentee comptroller of the port of Limerick; and the elder son by his second marriage with Mary daughter of James Stackpoole, esq. merchant of Cork. He was originally a member of the church of Rome, and is said to have exhibited considerable zeal in the defence of his religious profession. Shortly before he was called to the bar, however, he conformed to the Established Church, and he was sworn as a Protestant barrister. His rise was unusually rapid; which was, no doubt, in part attributable to the circumstance of his half-brother Sir John M'Mahon being private secretary to the Prince Regent. Before he had been six years at the bar, he was made a Serjeant; and upon the death of Mr. Curran, in 1815, he was lifted over the heads of such men as Plunkett, Burke, Saurin, and others, to preside over the Rolls Court.

Sir William M'Mahon was one of the most painstaking of judges. His judg ments were very tardily formed; but no doubt was ever entertained of the purity or integrity of his motives. He never evinced anything like political partizanship throughout his long judicial career: indeed, he is said never to have been known to express an opinion upon public affairs.

He was created a Baronet by patent dated the 6th May, 1815.

He has died possessed of a very large

property, though acquired rather by fortunate circumstances than by his own professional exertions. He was the sole heir of his brother Sir John M'Mahon, whose wealth was considerable; and he also became possessed of the great property of Count Stackpoole.

It is said that both his wives also added materially to his fortune.

Sir William married first, May 16, 1807, Frances, daughter of Beresford Burton, esq. a King's Counsel in Ireland, and by that lady, who died Feb. 9, 1813, he had issue two sons: 1. Sir Beresford Burton M'Mahon, born in 1808, who has succeeded to the title; and 2. William-John. He married secondly Sept. 1, 1814, Charlotte, daughter of Robert Sbaw of Dublin, esq. and sister to Sir Robert Shaw, of Dublin, Bart. and by her had issue five sons and three daughters: 3. Robert; 4. Charlotte-Maria; 5. Frederick, deceased; 6. Augustus; 7. Louisa; 8. Wilbelmina; 9. Charles; and 10. George, who is deceased.

The body of Sir William M'Mahon was buried on Saturday Jan. 21. at Rathfarnham. The funeral was private, as requested by the deceased. His eldest son, Sir Beresford M'Mahon, has been left 10007. per annum; the second eldest 3001. per annum. Lady M'Mahon has a jointure of 1,300l. a year. The residue of his property, amounting to between 200,000l. and 300,000l. is bequeathed to the younger children by his second mar. riage.

SIR ROBERT Burnett, Bart.

Jan. 5. Aged 81, Sir Robert Burnett, the seventh Baronet, of Leys, co. Aberdeen (1626).

He was born on the 20th Dec. 1755, the eldest son of Sir Thomas the sixth Baronet, by Catharine, third daughter of Charles Ramsay, esq. and sister to Sir Alexander Ramsay, Bart. of Balmaine, co. Kincardine (whose estates descending to his nephew Alexander, the next brother of Sir Robert Burnett, he was created a Baronet, by the name of Sir Alexander Ramsay, in 1806).

He succeeded to the title on the death of his father in May 1783: and married on the 16th Sept. 1785, Margaret-Dalrymple, fourth daughter of General Elphinstone, of Logie Elphinstone, co. Aberdeen, Colonel of the 53d regiment; and by that lady he had issue four sons and two daughters. The former are: 1. Sir Thomas Burnett, who has succeeded to the title; he was born in 1788, and was formerly Captain in the Forfarshire militia; 2. Alexander, formerly in the service of the East India Company; 3. Wil

liam, a Lieut. R. N.; 4. James. Horn, Clerk to the Signet. The daughters are 1. Mary; and 2. Margaret, married in 1826 to her cousin Capt. Thomas Ramsay, late of 14th foot, second son of the late Sir Alexander Ramsay, Bart. of Balmaine.

SIR F. R. E. DALBERG-ACTON, Bart. Jan. 31. At Paris, aged 35, Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Dalberg-Acton, the seventh Baronet, of Aldenham Hall, co. Salop (1644).

He was born on the 24th July 1801, the eldest son of Sir John Francis Edward the sixth Baronet, for some years Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Naples, by Mary-Anne, daughter of Joseph-Edward Acton, esq. (who was his niece, but married by papal dispensation).

Sir Ferdinand succeeded to the title on the death of his father, which occurred at Palermo, on the 12th Aug. 1811. He married at Paris, July 9, 1832, MarieLouise-Pelline, only child and heir of Emerie-Joseph Duc de Dalberg; and took the name of Dalberg before that of Acton by royal sign-manual dated Dec. 20, 1833. He has left an infant son and

successor.

SIR CHARLES HALKETT, BART. Jan. 26. At his seat, Pitfirran, near Dunfermline, aged 71, Sir Charles Halkett, the fifth Baronet of that place (1697).

He was the eldest son of Sir John Halkett, the fourth Baronet (previously Wedderburne, and who inherited the title in 1779 as heir general of the first Baronet,) by his second wife Mary, daughter of the Hon. John Hamilton, second son of Thomas 6th Earl of Haddington.

He succeeded to the title on the death of his father, Aug. 7, 1793. He was a Captain of the Dunfermline Troop of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry, and a Deputy-Lieutenant for the county. Having died unmarried, he is succeeded by his next brother, Admiral Sir Peter Halkett, now commanding in the North American Station.

SIR JAMES W. W. WOLFF, BART. Feb. 3. At Lyndhurst, aged 58, Sir James William Weston Wolff, the second Baronet (of Town-hill, Southampton, 1766), and a Baron of the Holy Roman Empire.

He was descended of a noble Silesian family, and born Nov. 24, 1778, the only son of Sir Jacob the first Baronet, by Anne, only daughter of the Rt. Hon. Edward Weston, Secretary of State in Ireland, second son of the Rt. Rev. Stephen Weston, Lord Bishop of Exeter.

He succeeded his father in the title Jan. 20, 1809, and married Jan. 4, 1800, Frances, daughter of Joseph Adkins of Lincolnshire, esq. and by that lady, who died in 1808, had an only son, Edward, who died in 1807. The title becomes extinct. Sir James's only sister, Lucy, was married first to Major Parslow, of the King's own dragoons, and secondly to Philip Ďitcher, esq. of Reading.

SIR RICHARD BOROUGH, BART. Jan. 22. In Portland-place, Sir Richard Borough, of Baseldon Park, in Berkshire, Bart. D. C.L. grandfather of the Earl of Pomfret.

He was born April 18, 1756, the third and youngest son of Richard Borough, of Limerick, and Querin, co. Clare, esq. (son of Richard Borough, Town-Major of Dublin, and grandson of Elias BonnHerau, D.D., who fled from France at the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and subsequently became librarian of St. Patrick's Library, Dublin) by Dorothy, daughter and heiress of Randall Jones, esq. of Querin.

He was created a Baronet by patent dated Nov. 12, 1813, and married Aug. 21, 1799, the Hon. Anna-Maria Lake, eldest daughter of Gerard first Viscount Lake, and sister to the present Viscount; and by that lady, who survives him, he bad issue two sons and three daughters: 1. Sir Edward Richard Borough, who has succeeded to the title; he was born in 1800, and married in 1831 Lady Elizabeth St. Lawrance, sister to the Earl of Howth, and has issue; 2. the Right Hon. Annabella-Elizabeth Countess of Pomfret, married first in 1823 to ThomasWilliam late Earl of Pomfret, and secondly in 1834 to the Rev. William Thorpe, D.D.; 3. Georgiana- Theodosia, married in 1831 to John Wilson Barlow, esq.; 4. Gerard Charles, a Captain in the 39th foot; and 5. Augusta, married in 1832 to the Rev. John Henry Fludyer, Rector of Ayston and Thiselton, co. Rutland, brother to the Countesses of Onslow and Brownlow, and to Lady Musgrave.

WILLIAM DICKINSON, ESQ.

Jan. 19. At Naples, aged 66, William Dickinson, esq. of Kingweston, Somerset, barrister at law, formerly M. P. for that county.

He was the son and heir of William Dickinson, esq. M. P. for Somerset from 1796 to 1806, by Philippa, eldest daughter of Stephen Fuller, esq. of Jamaica, greatuncle to the present Sir Thomas T. Fuller-Eliott-Drake, Bart. and to Sir Peregrine P. Fuller-Palmer- Acland, Bart. He was educated at Oxford, where he